ACS polymers Au最新文献

{"title":"Application of Cassia Gum in Enhanced Oil Recovery","authors":"Raíssa Takenaka Rodrigues Carvalho,&nbsp;Neimar Paulo de Freitas,&nbsp;Agatha Densy dos Santos Francisco,&nbsp;Luiz Carlos Palermo and Claudia Regina Elias Mansur*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c0007510.1021/acspolymersau.4c00075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00075https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The objective of this study was to develop an innovative biopolymer, cassia gum, for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. The gum was extracted from the seeds of <i>Cassia grandis</i>, a native Brazilian tree, using a novel method that achieved an average yield of 24.4 ± 1.7 wt %. Structural characterization identified cassia gum as a nonionic galactomannan with an average molar mass (Mw) of 8.07 × 10⁵ ± 1.44 × 10⁵ g/mol and an organic matter content of 80.32%. A cassia gum-saline solution at 3,000 mg/L, prepared using injection water containing 29,711 mg/L of total dissolved solids, exhibited shear-thinning rheological behavior and viscoelastic properties, with a viscosity of 21.38 cP at 60 °C, closely matching crude oil viscosity. Viscoelastic testing revealed a transition from viscous to elastic behavior, enhancing EOR efficiency by improving sweep and microscopic oil displacement. Contact angle tests with API 25 oil demonstrated that cassia gum could alter carbonate rock wettability from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. Coreflooding experiments under reservoir conditions showed that cassia gum-saline fluid achieved an additional oil recovery of 13.6% OOIP, following 38.5% OOIP recovery during waterflooding. These results establish cassia gum as a promising biopolymer for EOR applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"134–144 134–144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Cassia Gum in Enhanced Oil Recovery.","authors":"Raíssa Takenaka Rodrigues Carvalho, Neimar Paulo de Freitas, Agatha Densy Dos Santos Francisco, Luiz Carlos Palermo, Claudia Regina Elias Mansur","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to develop an innovative biopolymer, cassia gum, for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications. The gum was extracted from the seeds of <i>Cassia grandis</i>, a native Brazilian tree, using a novel method that achieved an average yield of 24.4 ± 1.7 wt %. Structural characterization identified cassia gum as a nonionic galactomannan with an average molar mass (Mw) of 8.07 × 10⁵ ± 1.44 × 10⁵ g/mol and an organic matter content of 80.32%. A cassia gum-saline solution at 3,000 mg/L, prepared using injection water containing 29,711 mg/L of total dissolved solids, exhibited shear-thinning rheological behavior and viscoelastic properties, with a viscosity of 21.38 cP at 60 °C, closely matching crude oil viscosity. Viscoelastic testing revealed a transition from viscous to elastic behavior, enhancing EOR efficiency by improving sweep and microscopic oil displacement. Contact angle tests with API 25 oil demonstrated that cassia gum could alter carbonate rock wettability from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. Coreflooding experiments under reservoir conditions showed that cassia gum-saline fluid achieved an additional oil recovery of 13.6% OOIP, following 38.5% OOIP recovery during waterflooding. These results establish cassia gum as a promising biopolymer for EOR applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Highly Sulfonated Polythioethers as Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Water Electrolysis","authors":"Ignasi de Azpiazu Nadal,&nbsp;Bruno Branco,&nbsp;Günter E.M. Tovar,&nbsp;Jochen Kerres,&nbsp;René A. J. Janssen,&nbsp;Stéphanie Reynaud* and Vladimir Atanasov*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c0007910.1021/acspolymersau.4c00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00079https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00079","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, the synthesis and characterization of highly sulfonated poly(arylene thioethers) for application as polymer electrolyte membranes in water electrolysis are reported. In a first step, poly(arylene thioethers) were obtained by using mild reaction conditions of a polycondensation reaction between 4,4′-thiobisbenzenethiol and decafluorobiphenyl. In a second step, the resulting poly(arylene thioethers) were sulfonated by a fluorothiol displacement click reaction of the fluorinated monomers by sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate. Thus, highly sulfonated polymers were obtained, resulting in water-soluble ionomers. Stable polymer electrolyte membranes with enhanced thermal and chemical stability were attained by blending ionomers with a poly(benzimidazole) derivative (PBI-OO). The resulting proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on the new sulfonated ionomer PBI-OO blends showed about 40% higher proton conductivity than Nafion at 90 °C. The proton-conducting membranes with the highest conductivity and best film-forming properties were applied for water electrolysis. Combined with optimized water oxidation and reduction catalysts, the selected tetra-sulfonated polymer-based PEM reached 1.784 V at 1 A cm^–2 in the electrolysis of pure water.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"145–154 145–154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Highly Sulfonated Polythioethers as Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Water Electrolysis.","authors":"Ignasi de Azpiazu Nadal, Bruno Branco, Günter E M Tovar, Jochen Kerres, René A J Janssen, Stéphanie Reynaud, Vladimir Atanasov","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, the synthesis and characterization of highly sulfonated poly(arylene thioethers) for application as polymer electrolyte membranes in water electrolysis are reported. In a first step, poly(arylene thioethers) were obtained by using mild reaction conditions of a polycondensation reaction between 4,4'-thiobisbenzenethiol and decafluorobiphenyl. In a second step, the resulting poly(arylene thioethers) were sulfonated by a fluorothiol displacement click reaction of the fluorinated monomers by sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate. Thus, highly sulfonated polymers were obtained, resulting in water-soluble ionomers. Stable polymer electrolyte membranes with enhanced thermal and chemical stability were attained by blending ionomers with a poly(benzimidazole) derivative (PBI-OO). The resulting proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on the new sulfonated ionomer PBI-OO blends showed about 40% higher proton conductivity than Nafion at 90 °C. The proton-conducting membranes with the highest conductivity and best film-forming properties were applied for water electrolysis. Combined with optimized water oxidation and reduction catalysts, the selected tetra-sulfonated polymer-based PEM reached 1.784 V at 1 A cm^-2 in the electrolysis of pure water.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"145-154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimuli-Responsive Multiacceptor Conjugated Polymers: Recent Trend and Future Direction.","authors":"Tamanna Pradhan, Dinesh Kumar Chelike, Debarshi Roy, Tanay Pramanik, Subrata Dolui","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apart from the visual effects, geometric shapes of materials play an important role in their engineering and biomedical applications. Responsive materials-based patient-specific anatomical models provide better insights into the structure and pathology. Polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for advanced science and technology. Because of these properties, these polymers have been used as functional coatings, thermoplastics, biomedical materials, separators, and binders for Li-ion batteries, fuel cell membranes, piezoelectric devices, high-quality wires and cables, and so on. Reactive to stimuli because of their unusual electrical characteristics and adaptability, stimuli-responsive multiacceptor conjugated polymers have been a prominent focus of materials science study. These polymers combine several electron-accepting units inside their conjugated backbone, resulting in increased functionality and responsiveness to a variety of stimuli. The production, workings, and wide range of applications of stimuli-responsive multiacceptor conjugated polymers are the focus of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"62-79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144059954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimuli-Responsive Multiacceptor Conjugated Polymers: Recent Trend and Future Direction","authors":"Tamanna Pradhan,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar Chelike,&nbsp;Debarshi Roy,&nbsp;Tanay Pramanik* and Subrata Dolui*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c0008210.1021/acspolymersau.4c00082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00082https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00082","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Apart from the visual effects, geometric shapes of materials play an important role in their engineering and biomedical applications. Responsive materials-based patient-specific anatomical models provide better insights into the structure and pathology. Polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for advanced science and technology. Because of these properties, these polymers have been used as functional coatings, thermoplastics, biomedical materials, separators, and binders for Li-ion batteries, fuel cell membranes, piezoelectric devices, high-quality wires and cables, and so on. Reactive to stimuli because of their unusual electrical characteristics and adaptability, stimuli-responsive multiacceptor conjugated polymers have been a prominent focus of materials science study. These polymers combine several electron-accepting units inside their conjugated backbone, resulting in increased functionality and responsiveness to a variety of stimuli. The production, workings, and wide range of applications of stimuli-responsive multiacceptor conjugated polymers are the focus of this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"62–79 62–79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentaerythritol and Glycerol Ester-Based Rosin-Modified Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB)","authors":"Frank Lee,&nbsp;Aran Guner,&nbsp;Ken Lewtas and Tony McNally*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c0008910.1021/acspolymersau.4c00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00089https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00089","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) has widespread applications such as in adhesives, coatings, and solid propellants due to its durability and excellent mechanical strength when cross-linked, which can be maintained at low temperatures. However, many of the additives used to modify the properties of HTPB are not sustainably sourced nor have the functionality such that tailoring of HTPB properties can be achieved. Here, we describe the use of the pentaerythritol ester of rosin (PER) and glycerol ester of rosin (GER), sourced from gum rosin (pine trees), to modify the rheology and mechanical properties of uncross-linked and cross-linked HTPB. Both rosin esters are compatible with HTPB resulting in a change in the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) of HTPB, which is concentration-dependent. The inclusion of PER increased the viscosity of uncross-linked HTPB more than GER due to the additional abietic functionality per molecule. The rosin esters also compete with the terminal hydroxyl groups of HTPB during cross-linking with toluene diisocyanate (HTPB-PU). Consequently, the cross-link density of HTPB-PU decreases and the molecular mass between cross-links increases with increasing PER/GER content. This competition results in a decrease in Young’s modulus and tensile strength of HTPB but a significant increase in elongation at break (+153%) and tensile toughness (+76%) of HTPB.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"155–161 155–161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentaerythritol and Glycerol Ester-Based Rosin-Modified Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB).","authors":"Frank Lee, Aran Guner, Ken Lewtas, Tony McNally","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) has widespread applications such as in adhesives, coatings, and solid propellants due to its durability and excellent mechanical strength when cross-linked, which can be maintained at low temperatures. However, many of the additives used to modify the properties of HTPB are not sustainably sourced nor have the functionality such that tailoring of HTPB properties can be achieved. Here, we describe the use of the pentaerythritol ester of rosin (PER) and glycerol ester of rosin (GER), sourced from gum rosin (pine trees), to modify the rheology and mechanical properties of uncross-linked and cross-linked HTPB. Both rosin esters are compatible with HTPB resulting in a change in the glass transition temperature (<i>T</i> _g) of HTPB, which is concentration-dependent. The inclusion of PER increased the viscosity of uncross-linked HTPB more than GER due to the additional abietic functionality per molecule. The rosin esters also compete with the terminal hydroxyl groups of HTPB during cross-linking with toluene diisocyanate (HTPB-PU). Consequently, the cross-link density of HTPB-PU decreases and the molecular mass between cross-links increases with increasing PER/GER content. This competition results in a decrease in Young's modulus and tensile strength of HTPB but a significant increase in elongation at break (+153%) and tensile toughness (+76%) of HTPB.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 2","pages":"155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester Resins through Maleated Epoxidized Corn Oil/Epoxy Resin Additives for Sustainable Thermoset Composites","authors":"Maurelio Cabo Jr.*,&nbsp;Prabhakar Manoj Narendra,&nbsp;Dong-Woo Lee,&nbsp;Ruiwen Yu,&nbsp;Vinitsa Chanthavong and Jung-Il Song*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c0008810.1021/acspolymersau.4c00088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00088https://doi.org/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00088","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Thermoset polymers serve a significant role in modern industrial applications, and with a global annual output of over 65 million tons to meet this growing demand for sustainable materials, scientists and engineers need to go beyond what makes a material best for a certain use. Vinyl ester (VE) is a thermosetting polymer derived from polyester and epoxy resin. Its mixing properties distinguish it from its competitors, offering advantages in terms of curing efficiency, wettability, corrosion resistance, and low cost, which are crucial for modern industrial applications. Researchers have continuously explored the modifications of the intrinsic properties of VE using additives to enhance its flame retardancy and mechanical characteristics for more cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials applicable across various industries. In this study, we developed an easy-to-process eco-thermoset blend additive (50% v/v), known as maleated epoxidized corn oil/epoxy resin (MEPECO). Adding an optimal amount of MEPECO (5%) to the VE resin significantly improved its flame retardancy properties, as assessed by pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry, contact angle measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties, specifically strength, also showed substantial enhancement with the same optimal amount of MEPECO, as determined by flexural testing and spectral analysis. However, during the digestion of the eco-thermoset resin, the modulus and impact energy were notably lower owing to shear-yielding localization, as evidenced by the morphological analysis. This paper presents a novel in situ and straightforward technique for the easy and effective blending of eco-thermoset additives into petroleum-based epoxy resins, thereby facilitating their potential application in the development of sustainable green composite materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"45–58 45–58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester Resins through Maleated Epoxidized Corn Oil/Epoxy Resin Additives for Sustainable Thermoset Composites.","authors":"Maurelio Cabo, Prabhakar Manoj Narendra, Dong-Woo Lee, Ruiwen Yu, Vinitsa Chanthavong, Jung-Il Song","doi":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00088","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acspolymersau.4c00088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoset polymers serve a significant role in modern industrial applications, and with a global annual output of over 65 million tons to meet this growing demand for sustainable materials, scientists and engineers need to go beyond what makes a material best for a certain use. Vinyl ester (VE) is a thermosetting polymer derived from polyester and epoxy resin. Its mixing properties distinguish it from its competitors, offering advantages in terms of curing efficiency, wettability, corrosion resistance, and low cost, which are crucial for modern industrial applications. Researchers have continuously explored the modifications of the intrinsic properties of VE using additives to enhance its flame retardancy and mechanical characteristics for more cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials applicable across various industries. In this study, we developed an easy-to-process eco-thermoset blend additive (50% v/v), known as maleated epoxidized corn oil/epoxy resin (MEPECO). Adding an optimal amount of MEPECO (5%) to the VE resin significantly improved its flame retardancy properties, as assessed by pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry, contact angle measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties, specifically strength, also showed substantial enhancement with the same optimal amount of MEPECO, as determined by flexural testing and spectral analysis. However, during the digestion of the eco-thermoset resin, the modulus and impact energy were notably lower owing to shear-yielding localization, as evidenced by the morphological analysis. This paper presents a novel in situ and straightforward technique for the easy and effective blending of eco-thermoset additives into petroleum-based epoxy resins, thereby facilitating their potential application in the development of sustainable green composite materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":72049,"journal":{"name":"ACS polymers Au","volume":"5 1","pages":"45-58"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}