Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.4.48
P. Zahorik
{"title":"Reflected Sound: Friend or Foe","authors":"P. Zahorik","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.4.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.4.48","url":null,"abstract":"Sound-reflective surfaces are everywhere in natural environments. Objects, walls of a room, even our own bodies are all examples of sound-reflecting surfaces. What we hear in natural environments from a source of sound is therefore a complex combination of sound that reaches our ears directly from the source and sound that has been reflected from one or more surfaces. The trouble is, what if we only are interested in the direct sound? Then reflected sound is unequivocally viewed as a contaminant. This is true for many situations, from measurements of loudspeaker responses to understanding speech in natural environments. In other situations, however, reflected sound can provide valuable information about the listening environment that can enhance sound quality and improve abilities to localize the sound source. The purpose of this article is to discuss the many ways in which reflected sound contributes to our listening experiences, both positive and negative. Although the focus is largely on humans listening in air, many of the topics discussed have parallels in other species and through other media.","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63530382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.2.72
J. Sisneros
{"title":"Conversation with a Colleague: Joseph A. Sisneros: The Soniferous Life of Midshipman Fish","authors":"J. Sisneros","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.2.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.2.72","url":null,"abstract":"We midshipman a acoustic social Thus, it has become a good model species to investigate the neural basis of acoustic communication. Female midshipman rely on their auditory sense to detect and locate calling males during the breeding season. Work from our lab has shown that females exhibit reproductive-state and hormone-dependent changes in the auditory sensitivity of the saccule, the main organ of hearing in the midshipman and most other fishes, such that reproductive females are better able to hear the advertisement calls of potential mates than nonreproductive females. The primary mechanism for this reproductive state-dependent change in hearing sensitivity is estrogen. In support of these findings, studies of human and rodent females with Turner’s syndrome, a genetic aberration that results in the loss of ovarian estrogen production and decreased estrogen-receptor expression in the cochlea, show that females with this syndrome exhibit a progressive loss in high-frequency hearing with development. These mammalian studies support the link between estrogen and high-frequency hearing sensitivity. Might circulating levels of estrogen","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63528329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.4.79
N. Xiang
{"title":"Bringing the History of Our Fellows into the Modern Age","authors":"N. Xiang","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.4.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.4.79","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63530513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.2.24
D. Butko
{"title":"Teaching Architectural Acoustics to Students of Various Disciplines","authors":"D. Butko","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.2.24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The words architectural and acoustics perhaps conjure thoughts of buildings or spaces with specific acoustic requirements (such as music halls, recording studios, auditoriums, and libraries) and/or the design professionals who have spent their careers focused on the topic. However, this is just the beginning, and this article explains the methods of introducing students of various backgrounds and areas of study to the aural aspects of various occupancies and forms of architecture through discussions, lessons, assignments, field trips, and projects. Have you ever noticed that the word aural is literally in architectural? The actual beginning and end of the word spell out the entire point of this article: the integration of the aural in architecture and the built environment. I ask students, “Are all aural?” Say it slowly, and the play on words begins a discussion of building types that require acoustical attention. The compound answer becomes evident: all aspects of the built environment have an aural component.","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63528066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.4.31
E. E. Scott, Andrew Morrison
{"title":"The Acoustics of the Modern Jazz Drum Kit","authors":"E. E. Scott, Andrew Morrison","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.4.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.4.31","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Other than the human voice, there is likely no musical technique older than using percussion to produce rhythmic beats (Morley, 2013). Anthropologists and historians have described possible scenarios where ancient people created rhythmic sounds by either striking their bodies, stamping their feet, or through the repeated striking of tools on stone or wood (Blades, 1992; Montagu, 2002). The earliest examples of percussion instruments crafted by people include rattles, rasps, and shakers that were used rhythmically.","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63529933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.4.70
Christina J. Naify
{"title":"Student Challenge Problem 2022: Additive Manufacturing and Acoustics","authors":"Christina J. Naify","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.4.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.4.70","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In early 2022, the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) announced a student challenge problem on the topic of additive manufacturing (AM) and acoustics. The challenge was sponsored by the Structural Acoustics and Vibrations (SAV) and Engineering Acoustics (EA) Technical Committees (TCs) and funded as a joint technical initiative between both TCs to award prizes to first-, second-, and third-place entries. This perspective summarizes the winning entries, discusses the motivation for setting up this challenge, and provides an overview of the evaluation of the entries.","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63530275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.3.13
M. Fine
{"title":"Fish Sound Production: The Swim Bladder","authors":"M. Fine","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Sound Production in Fishes Sound production is nearly ubiquitous among various vertebrate taxa from fishes to mammals. However, although terrestrial vertebrates and marine mammals produce sounds that require air movement, fishes are unique in that they use a variety of mechanical systems that typically do not involve air movement. Indeed, the first vertebrates to produce sounds were likely primitive fishes, and the mechanisms of sound production had to be “reinvented” when vertebrates colonized land because fish sound-producing mechanisms likely did not produce enough acoustic energy to carry substantial distances in the low-density air environment (Gharhamani et al., 2014).","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"185 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63529277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.4.13
C. L. Le Prell
{"title":"Acquired Hearing Loss: Is Prevention or Reversal a Realistic Goal?","authors":"C. L. Le Prell","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Acquired hearing loss develops when sensory cells inside the inner ear are damaged. Resulting hearing loss is labeled based on the cause of the damage, including “noise-induced hearing loss” (NIHL), “drug-induced hearing loss” (DIHL), and “age-related hearing loss” (ARHL). In addition, hearing loss can develop suddenly with no known cause, in which case it is termed “idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss” (ISSNHL). Some 30 to 60% cases of ISSNHL show spontaneous recovery, with the rest resulting in permanent acquired hearing loss (Montgomery et al., 2016).","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63530088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustics todayPub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1121/at.2022.18.3.58
J. A. Torres
{"title":"Guitar Sounds: From Wood Vibrations to a Mini Power Plant","authors":"J. A. Torres","doi":"10.1121/at.2022.18.3.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/at.2022.18.3.58","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction When a guitar player attends a party, they are often asked to play. A problem, however, is that this is often on a borrowed guitar. If the guitar player normally plays an electric guitar and the borrowed guitar is acoustic (or vice versa), there are real problems because although electric and acoustic guitars appear to be the same instrument to most people, they are really very different instruments. Indeed, there are even differences in how a musician usually plays the guitar. Have you ever seen","PeriodicalId":72046,"journal":{"name":"Acoustics today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63529428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}