Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research最新文献

{"title":"A tannic acid-based intumescent flame retardant for improving flame retardancy of epoxy composites","authors":"Xiaosui Chen ,&nbsp;Yaoting Ma ,&nbsp;Shuzheng Liu ,&nbsp;Aiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Shengchao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A biomass intumescent flame retardant (TA-g-DOPO) was fabricated from tannic acid (TA) and 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) through the bridge of silane coupling agent (KH560), which showed a low degradation rate at T_max of 2.71%/min and a high char yield of 55.8%. Then, various EP composites with 4–10% TA-g-DOPO were prepared. Due to the presence of flexible silane structures and rigid phosphaphenanthrene rings as well as the remained phenol groups (tending to form hydrogen bonds with epoxy matrix), EP composite with a high content of 10% TA-g-DOPO exhibited no deterioration on the tensile and impact properties as well as the glass transition temperature (T_g) when compared with pure EP. More importantly, it reached a high LOI value of 30.3% and passed a V-0 rating in the UL-94 burning test. Additionally, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and average mass loss rate (av-MLR) decreased by 23.2%, 15.5% and 30.2% respectively. Analyses from the condensed char and pyrolysis gases indicated that the improved flame retardancy was mainly attributed to the cooperation of the free-radical quenching effect of P-containing radicals and phenoxy radicals working in stages (derived from DOPO and TA respectively) and the physical barrier effect caused by the highly graphited, intumescent and porous char layer (reinforced by P- and Si-containing cross-linked structures). This work provides a sustainable biomass flame retardant with good flame-retarding efficiency based on TA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 48-62"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of fiber-reinforced topology optimization for advanced polymer composites produced by automated manufacturing","authors":"Bence Szederkenyi ,&nbsp;Norbert Krisztian Kovacs ,&nbsp;Tibor Czigany","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review paper focuses on Fiber-Reinforced Topology Optimization (FRTO) methods for automated manufacturing techniques, addressing topology and morphology optimization. Accordingly, the review introduces the main TO techniques and the common reinforcement path design strategies using concurrent and sequential optimization approaches. Furthermore, this paper examines the potential transformation of the conventional role of TO algorithms in structural optimization by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the optimization process [1]. We collected and categorized the most relevant papers from the past decade in the field of FRTO; comparisons were made based on appropriate metrics, including algorithm types, effectiveness, and validation environment. We emphasize practical considerations such as manufacturing constraints and algorithmic efficiency, addressing real-world usability aspects [2]. The analysis underscores the necessity for universally applicable benchmark methods and standardization to facilitate direct comparisons among various methodologies [3]. The main conclusions of the paper highlight the emerging trends in research, the potential of fiber-reinforced polymer composites designed by FRTO, the challenges facing the field, and the efficiency improvements and synergy with AI, indicating an evolving role for TO in structural optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 113-131"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer compatibility and interfaces in extrusion-based multicomponent additive manufacturing – A mini-review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most widespread versions of additive manufacturing technologies (AM) is fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling (FDM), using polymer melts to print freeform structures. Due to specific rheological and processing conditions, interlayer adhesion, shrinkage, and warpage problems, standard polymer grades do not always meet all requirements, so more polymers must be combined to achieve the optimum solution. These combinations include traditional blending technologies (with or without compatibilizer additives), reactive extrusion, and mixing incompatible phases with mechanical interlocking. Combining layers of different polymers in laminated structures, improving the interlayer strength of one-component prints, and developing core-shell filaments also require solving compatibility problems. This mini-review shows representative examples from blending engineering polymers, high-performance polymers, multilayer and coextruded structures, and biodegradable polymers and discusses the solutions characterizing the extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies, which sometimes differ from multicomponent materials used in injection molding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 428-453"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542504823000702/pdfft?md5=e5bef1cdd5033aca8940ef2acc517c82&pid=1-s2.0-S2542504823000702-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of nanofillers addition on the compatibilization of polymer blends","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent interest in multifunctional materials with tailorable performances led to the formulation of novel polymer blends, with enhanced properties with respect to traditional plastics and showing economical advantages compared to the synthesis of new polymers. However, polymer blends are immiscible in most cases, and proper compatibilization is therefore needed to obtain an alloy with suitable performances. Beside the traditional compatibilization approaches (i.e., addition of graft or branched copolymers, reactive compatibilization), a novel technique has recently emerged, based on the insertion of micro- and nanostructured inorganic fillers within polymer blends.</p><p>Therefore, the aim of this review is to give an overview about the role played by nanofillers on the compatibilization of polymer alloys. A survey of the most important papers in literature on this topic will be presented, trying to correlate the microstructural features of nanofilled blends to their physical properties. After an introduction on the general aspects of polymer alloys in Chapter 1, the most relevant compatibilization strategies will be presented in Chapter 2, with particular emphasis on the compatibilization induced by micro- and nanostructured fillers. Chapter 3 will be focused on the nanofiller induced compatibilization, and several examples of thermoplastic, thermosetting and elastomeric nanofilled blends will be presented. Considering the increasing importance of biopolymers and of their blends in the modern industry, in Chapter 4 it will be shown how nanofiller induced compatibilization could be successfully applied also to bioplastics based alloys. Due to the recent environmental concerns on the polymer waste management and the difficulties in the plastics sorting operations, in Chapter 5 it will be demonstrated that nanomodification of recycled plastics can lead to blend recyclates with good compatibility and suitable physical properties. The key aspects of the nanofiller induced compatibilization in polymer blends and the future perspectives will be summarized in Chapter 6.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 405-427"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254250482300057X/pdfft?md5=0a8e1e72586159f64386bac0d2daa5ce&pid=1-s2.0-S254250482300057X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135387623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibilization phenomenon in polymer science and technology: Chemical aspects","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer blends are mixtures of two or more macromolecular species – polymers and/or copolymers. They are used to increase the range of properties available from existing polymers without synthesizing new ones, which is time consuming and expensive. But most blends are immiscible, and need to be compatibilized. The compatibilization must not only insure improvement in performance, it must be clearly defined with regard to the method and objective. Keeping this view in focus, the present review classifies the main approaches that are available into four well-defined “routes” to compatibilization for various types of polymers and copolymers. Further, the possibility of using an innovative combination of <em>in-situ</em> polymerization and <em>in-situ</em> compatibilization as a new route to polymeric nano-blends is explained. While most of the present narrative deals with different types of binary polymer/copolymer blends, pathways for extension of some of the methods to ternary or multicomponent blending and the significance of the novel <em>composite compatibilizers</em> in this context are also highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 363-372"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542504824000083/pdfft?md5=e8a1dcc7deb05df628c05bcd69f672b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2542504824000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time- and temperature-dependent mechanical and rheological behaviours of injection moulded biodegradable organoclay nanocomposites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Injection moulded specimens were produced from biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites, after melt compounding in different compositions. WAXD studies demonstrated that the OMMT formed similar intercalation levels in the 2.5–10 w/w% additive ratio range. It was also proved by rotational rheometry that the nanoclay stacks form physical network above 5 w/w% concentration, which significantly influence the viscoelastic properties of the melt. The value of zero shear viscosity also changed accordingly, starting to increase above 5 w/w% nanoclay content. The OMMT content reduced the creep sensitivity measured in molten state.</p><p>X-ray and DSC investigations showed that OMMT inhibits the crystallisation of PBS, resulting in a decrease in crystallinity at higher nanoclay ratios. As a result, the room temperature creep increased with the OMMT ratio.</p><p>The Young's modulus linearly increases in the entire concentration range exceeding 1.2 GPa at 10 w/w% nanoclay content. The value of yield strength does not change significantly (35–40 MPa), but the strain at yield – which characterises stiffness – and the notched Izod impact strength already decrease at 2.5 w/w% OMMT content, but further increasing the nanoclay content has minor effect. However, the nanocomposite with 10 w/w% OMMT can be a real alternative to polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) injection moulded products based on its mechanical properties.</p><p>To characterise the effect of OMMT on dynamic mechanical properties, the S (Stiffening effectiveness), L (Loss effectiveness) and D (Damping effectiveness) indices were introduced to quantitatively describe the nanoclay effect intensity in each temperature range.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 482-496"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254250482300074X/pdfft?md5=0cb31f9a32a7fa959d2d646804138732&pid=1-s2.0-S254250482300074X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibilization of biopolymer blends: A review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biopolymers from renewable bio-based resources provide a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived plastics, but limitations like brittleness and cost restrict applicability. Blending offers an affordable route to combine the advantages of different biopolymers for tailored performance. However, most biopolymer pairs are intrinsically immiscible, necessitating compatibilization to obtain optimal blend morphology, interfacial interaction, and properties. This review summarizes key compatibilization strategies and recent advances in tailoring biopolymer blends. Non-reactive techniques using block or graft copolymers can increase compatibility, though property enhancements are often modest. More impactful are reactive methods, which functionalize and form compatibilizing copolymers in-situ during melt-blending. Nanoparticle incorporation also effectively compatibilizes through interface localization and morphology control. These strategies enable significant toughening and compatibilization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and other brittle biopolyesters by blending with ductile polymers such as poly(butylene adipate-<em>co</em>-terephthalate)((PBAT) or elastomers like natural rubber. Properly compatibilized PLA blends exhibit major simultaneous improvements in elongation, strength, and impact resistance. Using inexpensive starch decreases cost but requires compatibilization to maintain adequate properties. Nanoparticles additionally impart functionality like barrier and flame retardance. However, quantitatively correlating interaction, processing, morphology, and properties will enable further blend optimization. Developing tailored reactive chemistries and nanoparticles offers potential beyond conventional techniques, and retaining biodegradability is also crucial. Overall, compatibilization facilitates synergistic property combinations from complementary biopolymers, providing eco-friendly, high-performance, and cost-effective alternatives to traditional plastics across diverse applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 373-404"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542504823000738/pdfft?md5=ca120bfd7a54952e873947fe87601eca&pid=1-s2.0-S2542504823000738-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135764289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibility issues in high voltage DC cable insulation development","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the last decade, growing efforts were made to replace crosslinked XLPE insulations with thermoplastic ones in high-voltage DC cables. The main reason for these development projects is the injection and trapping of charge carriers under DC conditions, leading to a field distribution within the insulation layer different from HVAC cables. Thermoplastic cable insulation is favorable in many respects, except for its thermal stability. So far, HDPE/LDPE and binary or ternary PP-based blends have been tried. The former offers a limited advantage in heat resistance, while the latter is too hard at high PP contents and loses thermomechanical properties at high elastomer contents. In this paper, the compatibility of binary polyolefin blends is first briefly reviewed; then, the cable-specific properties are presented together with examples taken from the literature. Deep trap formation, low conductivity, and optimum breakdown properties are observed in HDPE/LDPE blends under specific crystallization conditions where a fine-grained structure is formed. It results in a proper concentration of the traps, but these are not accumulated at the spherulite boundaries. Trap density and energy are also modulated by the relaxation processes. The future belongs to the PP-based blends, where several compatibilizing agents (copolymers, elastomers, <em>in situ</em> reactions) have been tried to find the balance between electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. In these materials, again, fine, close to co-continuous structures should be achieved to reach the required properties, but the aromatic and polar comonomer content also contributes to the formation of deep traps in relatively uniform distribution. The PP phase must remain continuous to maintain the necessary thermomechanical properties above the Tg of the soft components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 454-465"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542504823000374/pdfft?md5=b174463ef9ceac61ddb4bb40f8113b17&pid=1-s2.0-S2542504823000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49638196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for compatibilization of polymer/waste tire rubber systems prepared via melt-blending","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Waste tires are a low-cost and high-calorific alternative fuel, therefore energy recovery is still very popular method of their utilization. On the other hand, waste tires are composed from high quality components and can be considered as valuable source of raw materials. Recent trends showed that further development of waste tire recycling technologies and waste tire rubber based materials are crucial to design the cradle-to-cradle loops for elastomer products. This approach fits to circular economy concept, however high content of waste tire rubber in various polymer blends or composites usually results in deterioration of their processing and/or the performance properties. Some of those technological issues can be resolved by choose suitable compatibilization method.</p><p>This work summarizes recent advances in the compatibilization strategies dedicated for polymer/waste tire rubber systems prepared via a simple melt-blending, including: i) optimization of processing conditions; ii) GTR particle size and oxidation; iii) devulcanization/reclaiming; iv) reactive blending and v) other methods. Furthermore, the limitations and challenges related to further development of thermoplastic composites and thermoplastic elastomers based on GTR are also highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 466-481"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542504823000519/pdfft?md5=5b7eae75285691b01b6d6a0116eeb272&pid=1-s2.0-S2542504823000519-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46392834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is compatibility critical in polymer engineering?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aiepr.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper focuses on the necessity for compatibilization in polymer blends and composites due to the differing chemical nature of the components, which causes antagonism on the contacting surfaces. To achieve stable polymer blends and composites with the correct set of properties, this thermodynamically driven antagonism must be smoothed because it may result in dephasing. Typically, this is accomplished by including a third component, a compatibilizer. The review focuses on compatibilization strategies based on component peculiarities, that is, without the addition of a specially synthesized third component. They include the ability of components to participate in chemical interactions such as additional condensation and transreactions, hydrolytic reactions or hydrogen bonding, or the production of co-crystals and transcrystalline layers. Finally, single polymer composites are discussed as a case where compatibilization is not required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7186,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 355-362"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542504823000490/pdfft?md5=da1da1e61ef47a36fd04eeb582005f06&pid=1-s2.0-S2542504823000490-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44870008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}