Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica最新文献_第4页

Radius and asphericity of the posterior corneal surface determined by corrected Scheimpflug photography. 经校正的Scheimpflug摄影测定后角膜表面的半径和非球度。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800406.X

M. Dubbelman, H. Weeber, R. V. D. van der Heijde, H. Völker‐Dieben

{"title":"Radius and asphericity of the posterior corneal surface determined by corrected Scheimpflug photography.","authors":"M. Dubbelman, H. Weeber, R. V. D. van der Heijde, H. Völker‐Dieben","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800406.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800406.X","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000To obtain the shape of the posterior corneal surface in a healthy population, using Scheimpflug photography corrected for distortion due to the geometry of the Scheimpflug imaging system and the refraction of the anterior corneal surface.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The posterior corneas of 83 subjects, ranging in age from 16 to 62 years, were measured in the vertical meridian using corrected Scheimpflug photography. The aspherical shape of the anterior Corneal surface was also determined in conjunction with the correction of Scheimpflug images.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The average radius of the anterior corneal surface was 7.87 +/- 0.27 mm (SD), while the average radius of the posterior corneal surface was 6.40 +/- 0.28 mm (SD). The ratio between the posterior and the anterior radius of curvature was 0.81 +/- 0.02. The asphericity of the anterior and the posterior corneal surfaces was 0.82 +/- 0.18 and 0.62 +/- 0.27, respectively. The asphericity of the posterior corneal surface decreased significantly with age. The posterior/anterior asphericity ratio is also dependent on age and was 0.98 +/- 0.17 at 16 years of age and 0.53 +/- 0.30 at 62 years of age.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Corrected Scheimpflug photography is an appropriate technique for measuring the radius and asphericity of the posterior corneal surface. The asphericity of the posterior corneal surface changes with age.","PeriodicalId":7152,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86632255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 188

Octreotide reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the retina. 奥曲肽减少视网膜缺血再灌注损伤。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800409.X

U. Celiker, N. Ilhan, I. Ozercan, T. Demir, H. Celiker

{"title":"Octreotide reduces ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the retina.","authors":"U. Celiker, N. Ilhan, I. Ozercan, T. Demir, H. Celiker","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800409.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800409.X","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000To investigate the role of octreotide on retinal lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes during ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Three groups of seven pigmented guinea pigs each were formed. These represented a control group, an ischaemia group and an ischaemia/octreotide group. One eye of each animal was selected for histopathological evaluation and the other for biochemical assay. Bilateral pressure-induced retinal ischaemia was instigated for 90 min and was followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Animals in the ischaemia/octreotide and ischaemia groups received either 10 micro g/kg of octreotide or saline, repeated five times at 6-hourly intervals, with the first dose administered 15 min prior to the ischaemic insult. Retinal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the thickness of the retinal layers were measured. These were compared with equivalent measurements of the control group.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The mean MDA level increased in the ischaemia group (p < 0.01) but not in the octreotide group (p > 0.05). Significant increases in the thickness of the overall retina (p < 0.01), inner retina (p < 0.05) ganglion cell layer (p < 0.01) inner plexiform layer (p < 0.01) and inner nuclear layer (p < 0.01) were observed in the ischaemia group. No significant difference in thickness was found in any of the layers in the ischaemia/octreotide group.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Octreotide reduces the increases in retinal MDA levels and retinal thickness observed during I/R.","PeriodicalId":7152,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89888112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma 青光眼的诊断和治疗方面

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800411.X

B. Friström

引用次数: 0

Giant cell arteritis and the ophthalmologist. 巨细胞动脉炎和眼科医生。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800402.X

A. Tarkkanen

引用次数: 16

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to antioxidant intake. 新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性及其与抗氧化剂摄入的关系。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-08-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800404.X

E.L.M. Snellen, A.L.M. Verbeek, G.W.P. Van Den Hoogen, J.R.M. Cruysberg, C. Hoyng

{"title":"Neovascular age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to antioxidant intake.","authors":"E.L.M. Snellen, A.L.M. Verbeek, G.W.P. Van Den Hoogen, J.R.M. Cruysberg, C. Hoyng","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800404.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800404.X","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that low antioxidant intake may be associated with the occurrence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We investigated this hypothesis further with a case-control study involving 72 case and 66 control patients attending the Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital in Nijmegen. Data were collected by interview on antioxidant intake (i.e. in fruit and vegetables), cigarette smoking, sunlight exposure and familial predisposition. Antioxidant intake was calculated according to the method described in the Framingham Eye Study. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The prevalence rate of AMD in patients with low antioxidant intake and low lutein intake (dichotomized at the median value) was about twice as high as that in patients with high intake: OR = 1.7, 95% CI (0.8-3.7), and OR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.1-5.1). Further specification of intake data into quartiles of antioxidant intake and lutein/zeaxanthine intake showed a clear dose-response relationship.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000The effect of dietary antioxidants upon macular health warrants preventive studies.","PeriodicalId":7152,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75437266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 150

An evolutionary analysis of the aetiology and pathogenesis of juvenile-onset myopia. 青少年性近视病因病机的进化分析。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800203.X

L. Cordain, S. B. Eaton, Jennie Brand Miller, Staffan Lindeberg, Clark Jensen

引用次数: 169

Cyclodextrins in eye drop formulations: enhanced topical delivery of corticosteroids to the eye. 滴眼液配方中的环糊精:增强皮质类固醇对眼睛的局部递送。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800205.X

T. Loftsson, E. Stefánsson

{"title":"Cyclodextrins in eye drop formulations: enhanced topical delivery of corticosteroids to the eye.","authors":"T. Loftsson, E. Stefánsson","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800205.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800205.X","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclodextrins are cylindrical oligosaccharides with a lipophilic central cavity and hydrophilic outer surface. They can form water-soluble complexes with lipophilic drugs, which 'hide' in the cavity. Cyclodextrins can be used to form aqueous eye drop solutions with lipophilic drugs, such as steroids and some carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. The cyclodextrins increase the water solubility of the drug, enhance drug absorption into the eye, improve aqueous stability and reduce local irritation. Cyclodextrins are useful excipients in eye drop formulations of various drugs, including steroids of any kind, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, pilocarpine, cyclosporins, etc. Their use in ophthalmology has already begun and is likely to expand the selection of drugs available as eye drops. In this paper we review the properties of cyclodextrins and their application in eye drop formulations, of which their use in the formulation of dexamethasone eye drops is an example. Cyclodextrins have been used to formulate eye drops containing corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, with levels of concentration and ocular absorption which, according to human and animal studies, are many times those seen with presently available formulations. Cyclodextrin-based dexamethasone eye drops are well tolerated in the eye and seem to provide a higher degree of bioavailability and clinical efficiency than the steroid eye drop formulations presently available. Such formulations offer the possibility of once per day application of corticosteroid eye drops after eye surgery, and more intensive topical steroid treatment in severe inflammation. While cyclodextrins have been known for more than a century, their use in ophthalmology is just starting. Cyclodextrins are useful excipients in eye drop formulations for a variety of lipophilic drugs. They will facilitate eye drop formulations for drugs that otherwise might not be available for topical use, while improving absorption and stability and decreasing local irritation.","PeriodicalId":7152,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75827557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 153

John G. Lindberg and the discovery of exfoliation syndrome. 约翰·g·林德伯格和脱落综合症的发现。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800206.X

A. Tarkkanen, T. Kivelä

{"title":"John G. Lindberg and the discovery of exfoliation syndrome.","authors":"A. Tarkkanen, T. Kivelä","doi":"10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800206.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800206.X","url":null,"abstract":"John G. Lindberg, a young Finnish ophthalmology resident, started a research project in 1914 aiming at an academic dissertation. His plan was to elucidate Axenfeld's observations on iris changes in senile eyes. Axenfeld had described two types of degeneration of the iris: a hyaline degeneration of the iris pupillary zone causing poor pupillary dilatation with mydriatics and an atrophy of the iris pigment epithelium at the pupillary border. For his research Lindberg had to construct a slit-lamp biomicroscope by studying Gullstrand's monograph on the matter; slit-lamp biomicroscopes were not commercially available at that time. A Sach's lamp was used for transillumination of the iris. While conducting his research Lindberg paid attention to greyish flakes and fringes at the pupillary border. He also noted how this strange material formed a membrane on the anterior lens surface. Documentation was made by skillful hand drawings. The new phenomenon was found to be as common in cataract patients as in non-cataractous controls older than 55 years. The phenomenon was observed in 50% of glaucoma patients. Age was the decisive factor; the phenomenon was more prevalent with advancing age. Lindberg published his results as a thesis at the University of Helsinki in 1917. When attending a Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology in 1921, Lindberg met Norwegian ophthalmologist, Birger Malling, and gave him his thesis and explained the new findings. In 1920-21 Lindberg worked at Axenfeld's clinic in Freiburg, Germany. During this period he met in Basel, Switzerland, a Swiss ophthalmologist, Alfred Vogt. He told Vogt about his research and provided him with copies of his thesis. Both Malling and Vogt published papers on exfoliation in 1923 without referring to Lindberg's work. Lindberg did not, however, interfere with these papers. Thus Lindberg was forgotten by his contemporaries as a scientist. However, his main conclusions on exfoliation are still valid today. The life of this remarkable ophthalmologist is described in the present paper.","PeriodicalId":7152,"journal":{"name":"Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800204.X

P. Algvere, S. Seregard

引用次数: 80

On a mission from God: fighting publication bias. 上帝的使命:对抗出版偏见。

Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2002-04-01 DOI: 10.1034/J.1600-0420.2002.800202.X

A. Heijl

引用次数: 3