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Field Structures and Singularities in Subwavelength Optics
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S002713492470245X
M. I. Tribelsky, B. S. Luk’yanchuk
{"title":"Field Structures and Singularities in Subwavelength Optics","authors":"M. I. Tribelsky,&nbsp;B. S. Luk’yanchuk","doi":"10.3103/S002713492470245X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S002713492470245X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A brief overview of the current state of the problem of electromagnetic field singularities arising from the refraction and scattering of light by material objects is given. The discussion begins with caustics arising from ray tracing in geometric optics and consistently moves toward increasing the accuracy of consideration and decreasing the scale, ending with a description of singularities in light scattering by subwavelength particles. Common and distinctive features of various types of singularities, the role of the symmetry of the problem and the law of conservation of energy are revealed. Physical foundations and methods for overcoming the diffraction limit are discussed. The theoretical description is illustrated by experimental examples. Various practical applications of the effects under consideration are indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"685 - 708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scanning Probe Bionanoscopy: Methods and Equipment, Results and Achievements
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924702473
I. V. Yaminsky
{"title":"Scanning Probe Bionanoscopy: Methods and Equipment, Results and Achievements","authors":"I. V. Yaminsky","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924702473","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924702473","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thanks to the invention of the tunneling microscope by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in 1981, an entire industry of scanning probe microscopy was born, offering unique capabilities and a wide range of equipment for studying substances with subnanometer spatial resolution in vacuum, air, and liquids. Objects from the living nature, such as biomolecules, viruses, bacteria, cells, nerve tissue, and others, have become a particular focus of observation. This led to the emergence of a new field of physical measurements—bionanoscopy, which is scanning probe microscopy of biological objects. The methods, equipment, and objects of bionanoscopy are the subject of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"839 - 855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vortices in the Boundary Layers of Decelerating Water and Air Flows
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924702412
O. N. Melnikova
{"title":"Vortices in the Boundary Layers of Decelerating Water and Air Flows","authors":"O. N. Melnikova","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924702412","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924702412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A review of experimental and numerical studies on the boundary layer of water and air flows with decreasing velocity along the flow direction is presented. It has been experimentally established that an adverse pressure gradient in water and air flows leads to periodic deceleration of the boundary layer in plane-parallel flow. During deceleration, the vertical velocity profile deforms, creating a local minimum located between two inflection points above the viscous layer. It is shown that within the thin layer containing the upper inflection point, the plane-parallel flow is unstable, as confirmed by experiments—within this layer, the formation of a cylindrical vortex is observed at a critical value of the adverse pressure gradient at the end of the deceleration cycle. The parameters of the vortex chain have been obtained, and the deformation of vortices in a flow with velocity shear, as well as the impact of vortices on the underlying surface, has been investigated. Physical mechanisms have been identified for the formation of ridges on an erodible surface under water flow, the generation of wind waves on an initially flat water surface, and the formation of a wall of water and sediment in flows during dam breaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"856 - 867"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computer Simulations of Silicon-Containing Dendrimers As an Effective Method for Studying the Effect of Dendritic Macromolecular Structure on Their Behavior in Solutions, Melts, and at Interfaces
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924702485
A. O. Kurbatov, N. K. Balabaev, E. Yu. Kramarenko
{"title":"Computer Simulations of Silicon-Containing Dendrimers As an Effective Method for Studying the Effect of Dendritic Macromolecular Structure on Their Behavior in Solutions, Melts, and at Interfaces","authors":"A. O. Kurbatov,&nbsp;N. K. Balabaev,&nbsp;E. Yu. Kramarenko","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924702485","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924702485","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dendrimers, hyperbranched molecules with a regular treelike structure, belong to a relatively new class of polymeric materials. They are attracting increasing interest due to unique properties determined by their structural features. To date, a complete fundamental understanding of the structure–property relationship of these unusual objects has not yet been achieved. Computer simulation, based on the molecular dynamics method using an atomistic approach, serves as an effective research method, providing detailed information on the intramolecular structure of dendrimers, the nature of intermolecular interactions, and their response to external influences. This article presents an overview of the advances in theoretical and experimental studies of the conformational behavior of dendrimers. The primary focus is on approaches to computer modelling of dendrimers and the results obtained in our studies of silicon-containing dendrimers, specifically polybutylcarbosilane and polysiloxane dendrimers, in solutions, melts, and at interfacial boundaries. The choice of these objects is due to the absence of groups with specific interactions in their structure, making them promising model systems for identifying general patterns of how the regular treelike structure of dendrimers influences their equilibrium and dynamic properties. The results obtained can be used for the targeted development of new materials based on dendrimers.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"771 - 786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acoustic Tomography of Natural Media
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924702503
A. S. Shurup
{"title":"Acoustic Tomography of Natural Media","authors":"A. S. Shurup","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924702503","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924702503","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A review of the most important results obtained recently at the Faculty of Physics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University in the field of acoustic tomography of natural media with regard to the specifics of hydro- and seismoacoustic applications is presented. The most urgent problems encountered in this area of research are highlighted and approaches to their solution are proposed. New methods for solving the problems of seismo-hydroacoustic tomography of a layered geophysical environment of ‘‘lithosphere–hydrosphere–ice cover’’ type have been theoretically developed and experimentally tested by using information about vector–phase structure of acoustic field. Capabilities and limitations of active and passive tomographic methods utilizing data from single receivers recording natural noise over a wide frequency range are described. New approaches to the solution of mode tomography problem for inhomogeneous moving ocean based on functional-analytical methods for solving inverse scattering problems are proposed and numerically investigated. The presented results make it possible to simplify technical difficulties and reduce the cost of tomographic experiment, which opens up the possibility of widespread application of acoustic tomography methods both in research activities and for solving purely applied problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"665 - 684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modern X-ray Diagnostic Methods for Condensed Media
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924702424
A. P. Oreshko, V. A. Bushuev, M. A. Andreeva, E. N. Ovchinnikova, R. A. Baulin, K. A. Akimova
{"title":"Modern X-ray Diagnostic Methods for Condensed Media","authors":"A. P. Oreshko,&nbsp;V. A. Bushuev,&nbsp;M. A. Andreeva,&nbsp;E. N. Ovchinnikova,&nbsp;R. A. Baulin,&nbsp;K. A. Akimova","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924702424","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924702424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New X-ray methods are discussed that make it possible to investigate, including dynamically, the features of electronic, nuclear, magnetic, and spin ordering in weakly absorbing biological objects and molecules, nanoparticles and atoms on surfaces and embedded in various matrices, multilayer nanostructures and transition layers, nanofaceted surfaces and porous materials, as well as locally anisotropic and locally chiral media.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"709 - 739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetoactive Polymer Composites: Achievements and Development Prospects
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924702461
T. A. Nadzharian, S. A. Kostrov, E. Yu. Kramarenko
{"title":"Magnetoactive Polymer Composites: Achievements and Development Prospects","authors":"T. A. Nadzharian,&nbsp;S. A. Kostrov,&nbsp;E. Yu. Kramarenko","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924702461","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924702461","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetoactive polymer composites—polymer matrices with embedded magnetic micro- and/or nanoparticles—belong to the class of smart materials and currently attract significant fundamental and practical interest. This article focuses primarily on magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) based on chemically crosslinked polymer systems, research on which has been conducted at the Faculty of Physics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University since the late 1990s. A definition of MAEs is provided, and the properties of their main components—the polymer matrix and magnetic particles—are described. An overview is given of the physical phenomena observed in these materials when an external magnetic field is applied. The influence of the material composition on its magnetic response is discussed in detail, with an emphasis on magneto-mechanical properties, which are most critical for practical applications. The results of recent studies related to the synthesis of new matrices for MAEs, the influence of the shape and distribution of magnetic particles in the polymer matrix, as well as contemporary theoretical approaches to describing the behavior of MAEs in an external magnetic field are analyzed. Finally, the prospects for further advancement in the development of magnetoactive polymer materials and their practical applications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"753 - 770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetostriction of Rare-Earth Metals and Rare-Earth Intermetallic Alloys Based on Iron and Cobalt
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924702497
N. Yu. Pankratov, G. A. Politova, I. S. Tereshina, S. A. Nikitin
{"title":"Magnetostriction of Rare-Earth Metals and Rare-Earth Intermetallic Alloys Based on Iron and Cobalt","authors":"N. Yu. Pankratov,&nbsp;G. A. Politova,&nbsp;I. S. Tereshina,&nbsp;S. A. Nikitin","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924702497","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924702497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The review presents experimental data and their theoretical discussion on anisotropic and volume magnetostriction induced by an external magnetic field in rare-earth metals and their alloys in the region of magnetic phase transitions. The forced magnetostriction was studied above the Curie temperature. From these data, the dependence of the exchange integrals on unit cell volume was obtained. It was also discovered that in the region of magnetic phase transition in rare-earth metals and their alloys, a giant volume magnetostriction takes place. It has been established that in binary RCo<span>({}_{2})</span> alloys with a high content of rare-earth metals, a giant volume magnetostriction is caused by an increase in the magnetic moment of the cobalt 3d-sublattice in magnetic fields above the critical value. It is shown that in intermetallics of the <span>(textrm{R}_{2}textrm{Fe}_{17})</span> type, giant volume magnetostriction near the Curie temperature region arises due to the strong dependence of the exchange integrals on deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 6","pages":"787 - 812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Searches for Lepton Flavor Universality Violation at CMS
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924700772
R. Chistov, on behalf of the CMS Collaboration
{"title":"Searches for Lepton Flavor Universality Violation at CMS","authors":"R. Chistov,&nbsp;on behalf of the CMS Collaboration","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924700772","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924700772","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this talk recent new results from CMS on the search for New Physics effects in heavy flavor decays are presented. Particularly, lepton flavor unification violation was searched for by measuring <span>(R(K))</span> and <span>(R(J/psi))</span> ratios. Also, lepton flavor violating decay <span>(taurightarrow 3mu)</span> was searched for and upper limit on its branching fraction was extracted. The discussed results were obtained with the RUN II data of pp collisions at <span>(sqrt{s}=13)</span> TeV.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 1 supplement","pages":"56 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(boldsymbol{K^{+}to}pi^{mathbf{0}}mu^{boldsymbol{+}}{nugamma}) Radiative Decay: Recent Results from the ‘‘OKA’’ Experiment
IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理
Moscow University Physics Bulletin Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.3103/S0027134924700929
I. S. Tiurin, on behalf of the OKA Collaboration
{"title":"(boldsymbol{K^{+}to}pi^{mathbf{0}}mu^{boldsymbol{+}}{nugamma}) Radiative Decay: Recent Results from the ‘‘OKA’’ Experiment","authors":"I. S. Tiurin,&nbsp;on behalf of the OKA Collaboration","doi":"10.3103/S0027134924700929","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S0027134924700929","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <span>(K^{+}topi^{0}mu^{+}nugamma)</span> (<span>(K_{mu 3gamma})</span>) decay is measured with OKA detector at the RF-separated 17.7 GeV/<i>c</i> momentum kaon beam from the U-70 synchrotron. The data obtained corresponds to the value of <span>(2.62times 10^{10})</span> ‘‘live’’ kaons passing to the decay volume. About 1000 <span>(K_{mu 3gamma})</span> events are extracted. The ratio of <span>(textrm{Br}(K_{mu 3gamma})/textrm{Br}(K_{mu 3})</span>) is measured. The T-odd correlation <span>({xi}_{pimugamma})</span>, which is the mixed product of the momenta of <span>(mu^{+},pi^{0})</span>, and <span>(gamma)</span> in the kaon rest frame, is measured. The asymmetry of the distribution in <span>(xi)</span> is characterized by the ratio <span>(A_{xi}=(N_{+}-N_{-})/(N_{+}+N_{-}))</span>, where <span>(N_{+})</span> (<span>(N_{-})</span>) is the number of events with positive (negative) <span>(xi)</span>. The values of <span>(A_{xi})</span> is obtained. Our results are preliminary, with systematic errors being estimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":711,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Physics Bulletin","volume":"79 1 supplement","pages":"131 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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