热喷涂技术最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Using a DOE Approach to Optimize a LVPS Bond Coat and APS Top Coat for TBC Systems 使用DOE方法优化TBC系统的LVPS粘结层和APS面漆
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0060
Jose J. Loza, Komal Laul, Mickey Carroll, Bobby Pike
{"title":"Using a DOE Approach to Optimize a LVPS Bond Coat and APS Top Coat for TBC Systems","authors":"Jose J. Loza, Komal Laul, Mickey Carroll, Bobby Pike","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Acquisition of a new LVPS and APS coating system at Delta Air Lines necessitated optimization of the coating parameters on both systems; especially for application of bond coat (LVPS) and top coat (APS) for a TBC coating system. To expedite the coating optimization; it was determined that a design of experiments (DOE) approach would best enable the establishment of the operating window for the two systems. Samples prepared were primarily evaluated for their performance while exposed to a cyclic oxidation cycle. Samples were also evaluated for the microstructure and composition using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Samples from the ceramic coating DOE were also evaluated for their erosion characteristics. Results indicate a low correlation between the individual bond coat parameters evaluated to the furnace cycle life. However; the top coat spray parameters were found to have a greater correlation to furnace cycle life and erosion performance.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83011967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Powder Impact Temperature Influence on Metallurgical Bonding—An Investigation for Soft Particle Deposition on Hard Substrate 粉末冲击温度对冶金结合的影响——硬质基体上软颗粒沉积的研究
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0189
A. Nastic, B. Jodoin, D. Poirier, J. Legoux
{"title":"Powder Impact Temperature Influence on Metallurgical Bonding—An Investigation for Soft Particle Deposition on Hard Substrate","authors":"A. Nastic, B. Jodoin, D. Poirier, J. Legoux","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0189","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Segregating the convoluted effects of particle size; impact temperature and velocity on deposition behavior and adhesion is of utmost interest to the cold spray field. The current study aims to associate the particle impact behavior and adhesion to its in-flight characteristics by studying and decoupling the influence of particle size; temperature and velocity for single particle impacts and full coatings. Experimental results reveal that in-situ peening processes contribute to the adhesion at low impact temperature while η (V.VC) controls the adhesion/cohesion at increased particle impact temperatures. The benefits of both bonding mechanisms are discussed in terms of measured adhesion/cohesion; bend-to-break fracture surfaces; pseudoplasticity; deposition efficiency and critical velocity. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results provide individual particle trajectory; size; temperature and velocity; of successfully deposited particles; which have led to the observed signs of metallurgical bonding.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85090905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Method for Identifying In-Flight Particles based on Digital Image Technologies in Thermal Spraying 热喷涂中基于数字图像技术的飞行颗粒识别方法
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0664
Yijun Yao, Shaowu Liu, M. Planche, S. Deng, H. Liao
{"title":"Method for Identifying In-Flight Particles based on Digital Image Technologies in Thermal Spraying","authors":"Yijun Yao, Shaowu Liu, M. Planche, S. Deng, H. Liao","doi":"10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0664","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In thermal spray processes, the characteristics of in-flight particles (velocity and temperature) have a significant effect on coating performance. Although many imaging systems and algorithms have been developed for identifying and tracking in-flight particles, most are limited in terms of accuracy. One key to solving the tracking problem is to get an algorithm that can distinguish different particles in each image frame. As the study showed, when noise and interference are treated, particles are more readily identified in the background, leading to more accurate size and position measurements with respect to time. This approach is demonstrated and the results discussed.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81942949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of the Spray Parameters on the Particle Behavior and the Coating Properties During ID Warm Spraying of Fine WC-12Co Powders (-10 + 2 μm) 喷淋参数对WC-12Co细粉(-10 + 2 μm)热喷涂颗粒行为及涂层性能的影响
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0283
W. Tillmann, I. Baumann, A. Brinkhoff, S. Kuhnt, Eva-Christina Becker-Emden, A. Kalka
{"title":"Effect of the Spray Parameters on the Particle Behavior and the Coating Properties During ID Warm Spraying of Fine WC-12Co Powders (-10 + 2 μm)","authors":"W. Tillmann, I. Baumann, A. Brinkhoff, S. Kuhnt, Eva-Christina Becker-Emden, A. Kalka","doi":"10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0283","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Internal diameter (ID) coating by means of thermal spraying for the wear and corrosion protection of components is currently experiencing growing interest in science and industry. While high-kinetic spray processes (such as HVOF, HVAF or warm spraying) in combination with cermet materials (e.g. WC-Co or Cr3C2-NiCr) are well established for this purpose in traditional coating of external OD (outer diameter) surfaces, they have hardly been used in the ID (internal diameter) area so far. Even though a few special ID spray guns with compact design and low combustion energy are by now available on the market, only little is known about the effects and interactions of the spray parameters on the particle behavior and the coating properties. Due to the mentioned gun specifications and the usually required short spray distances for ID coating, fine spray powders < 15 μm must be used to ensure sufficient melting and acceleration of the particles. In this study warm spraying of fine WC-12Co powders (-10 + 2 μm) using a novel spray gun “ID RED” (Thermico, Germany) was investigated. Statistical design of experiments (DoE) was employed to analyze and to model the influence of varying spray parameter settings on the in-flight particle behavior and the corresponding coating properties.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91208784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hydrogen Generation Supports Plasma Wire Arc Metal Additive Manufacturing Powder Production 氢生成支持等离子丝电弧金属增材制造粉末生产
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0657
D. Wolff, C. Berghorn, D. Cook, J. Strauss
{"title":"Hydrogen Generation Supports Plasma Wire Arc Metal Additive Manufacturing Powder Production","authors":"D. Wolff, C. Berghorn, D. Cook, J. Strauss","doi":"10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0657","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wire atomization processes used to make refractory and high temperature alloy powders are relatively expensive due to the cost of feedstock, energy, and gas. A new process based on Transferred Arc Wire Atomization technology, however, has the potential to overcome these problems. This paper introduces the innovative process which, in combination with hydrogen generation, presents new opportunities for several alloys that can be more easily processed by plasma wire atomization. The new approach shows promise to reduce both fixed and variable costs for certain refractory and high temperature materials.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89028630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Reconstruction of Porous Architecture for Suspension Plasma Sprayed Coatings 悬浮等离子喷涂涂层多孔结构的数值重建
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0482
Yongli Zhao, Zhimeng Yang, Juhong Wen, M. Planche, F. Peyraut, J. Ilavsky, B. Lenoir, H. Liao, G. Montavon, Audrey Lasalle, A. Allimant
{"title":"Numerical Reconstruction of Porous Architecture for Suspension Plasma Sprayed Coatings","authors":"Yongli Zhao, Zhimeng Yang, Juhong Wen, M. Planche, F. Peyraut, J. Ilavsky, B. Lenoir, H. Liao, G. Montavon, Audrey Lasalle, A. Allimant","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0482","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The porous architecture of coatings has a significant influence on the coating performances and thus should be properly designed for the intended applications. For simulating the coating properties, it is necessary to determine the numerical representation of the coating microstructure. In this study, YSZ coatings were manufactured by suspension plasma spray (SPS). Afterwards, the porous architecture of as-prepared coatings was investigated by the combination of three techniques, imaging analysis, Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS), and X-ray transmission. A microstructural model for reconstructing the porous architecture of the SPS coating was subsequently computed according to the collected experimental results. Finally, the coating thermal properties were simulated based on the model and were compared with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"538 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90121956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the Low-Pressure Cold Spray Operation Parameters on Coating Properties in Metallization of Ceramic Substrates Using Copper and Aluminum Composite Powder 低压冷喷涂操作参数对铜铝复合粉末陶瓷基板金属化涂层性能的影响
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0147
Minjae Yu, Hiroki Saito, C. Bernard, Y. Ichikawa, K. Ogawa
{"title":"Influence of the Low-Pressure Cold Spray Operation Parameters on Coating Properties in Metallization of Ceramic Substrates Using Copper and Aluminum Composite Powder","authors":"Minjae Yu, Hiroki Saito, C. Bernard, Y. Ichikawa, K. Ogawa","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) technique could be an attractive method for copper metallization of ceramic substrates to power module applications due to its one-step quick and lowtemperature process. However; manufacturing pure copper coating on a ceramic substrate by LPCS is still challenging due to its low deposition efficiency and poor adhesion strength. Our previous study successfully demonstrated the possibility of obtaining a zirconia substrate's metallization by using a feedstock powder mixture of copper and aluminum. However; the copper content in the coating was not high enough for power module applications. Therefore; in this study; we aim to improve the copper content in the coating layer composed of the composite powder deposited by LPCS on alumina and zirconia substrates. The influence of the gas pressure and standoff distance on the copper content and coating thickness are evaluated. The coating build-up with a high copper content and thickness is highly dependent on the kinetic energy of particles; enhanced by high gas pressure and short stand-off distance.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"42 22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83080175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sealing Treatment of Plasma Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3-TiO2 Coating by Aluminum Phosphate Sealant Containing Al2O3 Nanoparticles 含Al2O3纳米颗粒的磷酸铝密封胶对等离子喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3- tio2涂层的密封处理
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0331
T. N. Văn, T. Nguyen, Ha Pham Thi, Ly Pham Thi, P. Nguyen, Thuy Hoang Thi Bich, Trung Trinh Van, D. Vũ, Q. L. Thu
{"title":"Sealing Treatment of Plasma Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3-TiO2 Coating by Aluminum Phosphate Sealant Containing Al2O3 Nanoparticles","authors":"T. N. Văn, T. Nguyen, Ha Pham Thi, Ly Pham Thi, P. Nguyen, Thuy Hoang Thi Bich, Trung Trinh Van, D. Vũ, Q. L. Thu","doi":"10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0331","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A typical structure of thermal spray coatings consisted of molten particles, semi-molten particles, oxides, pores and cracks. These factors caused the porosity of sprayed coatings, leading to a great influence on the coating properties, especially their wear-corrosion resistance. In this study, a post-spray sealing treatment of Cr3C2-NiCr/Al2O3-TiO2 plasma sprayed coatings was carried out, then their corrosion properties were evaluated, before and after the treatment. For sealing process, aluminum phosphate (APP) containing aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (~10 nm) was used. The permeability of APP into the sprayed coating was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The treatment efficiency for porosity and corrosion resistance of sprayed coatings were evaluated by electrochemical measurements, such as the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In addition, the wear-corrosion resistance of the sealed coating was examined in 3.5 wt.% NaCl circulation solution containing 0.25 wt.% SiO2 particles. The obtained results showed that APP penetrated deeply through the sprayed coating. The incorporation of Al2O3 nanoparticles into APP sealant enhanced the treatment efficiency of porosity for sprayed coating. The effect of the post-treatment on corrosion protection of the sprayed coating has been discussed.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82070606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
High Temperature Sliding of TiC Based Hardmetal Coatings Against TWIP Steel TiC基硬质合金涂层对TWIP钢的高温滑动
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0278
M. Varga, L. Janka, M. Rodríguez Ripoll, L. Berger, S. Thiele, V. Matikainen, P. Vuoristo, L. Janka, H. Hamouda
{"title":"High Temperature Sliding of TiC Based Hardmetal Coatings Against TWIP Steel","authors":"M. Varga, L. Janka, M. Rodríguez Ripoll, L. Berger, S. Thiele, V. Matikainen, P. Vuoristo, L. Janka, H. Hamouda","doi":"10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0278","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Manufacturing of steel components is often done at high temperatures (HT) posing a serious challenge to components such as forming tools. Thermal spray coatings provide a cost-effective solution for surface protection under HT, corrosive environments and severe wear conditions. Thermally sprayed coatings based on cubic hard materials such as TiC and TiCN can provide an alternative to widely used Cr3C2-NiCr. While the latter possess a superb oxidation resistance and wear resistance at HT, they are prone to degradation in the presence of Mn, an element commonly alloyed in many modern steel grades such as TWIP (twinning-induced plasticity steel). In this study, a (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-29% Ni hardmetal feedstock powder was prepared by agglomeration and sintering. Coatings were deposited using a high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) spray process. The coating was benchmarked against a standard Cr3C2-NiCr coating obtained with the same spray process. Our work comprises analyses of the feedstock powder along with the resulting coating microstructure after deposition and heat treatment. Further, the HT sliding behavior against TWIP steel using a HT pin-on-disc tribometer at 700°C was investigated. The results showed a clear benefit of the TiCN-based coating, with almost no wear detected, while the Cr3C2-coating showed a significant wear loss. Based on these results, the TiCN-based coating is regarded as potential solution for prospective forming applications of modern high Mn steels, such as TWIP.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83582277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of the In-Flight Characteristics of Particles for Different Configurations of Cascade Plasma Torches 级联等离子体火炬不同构型粒子飞行特性研究
热喷涂技术 Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0499
G. Darut, M. Planche, H. Liao, C. Adam, A. Salito, Manfred Rösli
{"title":"Study of the In-Flight Characteristics of Particles for Different Configurations of Cascade Plasma Torches","authors":"G. Darut, M. Planche, H. Liao, C. Adam, A. Salito, Manfred Rösli","doi":"10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31399/ASM.CP.ITSC2021P0499","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cascaded plasma torches are becoming increasingly common, but the influence of geometry, notably that of the anode, is relatively unexplored. This work investigates the relationship between anode-cathode distance and plasma voltage fluctuations. The study was conducted using cascaded torches that can be configured with different numbers of neutrodes and commercially available Al2O3 powders. The powders were sprayed at different gas flow rates and current intensities while monitoring voltage fluctuations as well as in-flight particle temperature and velocity. The resulting alumina coatings were characterized based on microstructure, phase composition, porosity, and hardness. A frequency analysis of the arc voltage fluctuations revealed well-defined peaks at 60, 120, and 180 kHz that vary in intensity based on the number of neutrodes. The more neutrodes, the sharper and higher the peak. In contrast, the power spectra of the arc voltage generated by a conventional plasma torch contains no such peaks, indicating a random displacement of the arc root leading to less stability of the arc.","PeriodicalId":70745,"journal":{"name":"热喷涂技术","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89248313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书