结核病研究(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Ocular Manifestations among Systemic Tuberculosis Cases: A Hospital Based Study from Nepal","authors":"S. Bhatta, A. Thakur, D. Shah, M. Choudhary, Nayana Pant","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.74019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.74019","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the frequency of various ocular manifestations in diagnosed cases of active pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis in two different major hospitals in Nepal. Method: A hospital based, cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in the National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktapur and BP Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal during a period of 18 months from February 2010 to August 2011. Diagnosed cases of systemic tuberculosis were evaluated by ophthalmologists for any ophthalmic manifestations. Results: There were 585 cases in the study. 399 (68%) were cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 186 (32%) were that of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Ocular manifestations were seen in 2.6% (15 patients) of the study population; 1.25% (6 patients) in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and 5.37% (9 patients) in extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Uveitis (40%) followed by papilloedema (33%) were the two most common ocular manifestations. Of the 25 affected eyes of 15 patients, 2 eyes of patients with choroiditis involving the macular area were legally blind. Majority of the affected cases (67%) had bilateral involvement. Conclusion: Ocular manifestations in tuberculosis vary greatly ranging from mild episcleritis to potentially blinding posterior uveitis, clinical acumen being of great importance in timely diagnosis and treatment so that vision threatening complications can be prevented. Ocular manifestations are more common in extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48969301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Risk Factors Contributing Pulmonary Tuberculosis Infection and Recent Transmission","authors":"S. Rizvi, S. Tarafder, S. Kamal, S. Anwar, F. Johora, S. Hossain","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.74022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.74022","url":null,"abstract":"Host factors, environmental factors, genetic diversity and distinct phylogeographic distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) contribute to regional differences in drug resistance. Bangladesh remains among the top 20 high Multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries of the world. This cross sectional study was conducted to identify the socio demographic characteristics and the risk factors contributing Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection. These characteristics and risk factors were further investigated among the clustered isolates. Total 60 culture isolates consist of 40 RR and 20 rifampicin sensitive (RS) isolates were enrolled in this study. Laboratory works were done in National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory (NTRL) and Department of Microbiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All 60 samples were confirmed as MTB by MPT 64 antigen detection. Two samples were excluded for possible cross contamination and two for failing to give PCR product for most of the locus. So, finally 56 samples were further analyzed for results. Four isolates were distributed within two clusters which were belonged to Beijing lineage. Socio demographic data and risk factors analysis of this study found significant male predominance (p = 0.04) with history of smoking (p = 0.01) and previous anti-TB treatment (p = 0.012) as the significant risk factors for RR TB.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42073528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Detection Rate of Multidrug-Resistant and Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Trend Analysis 2013-2017","authors":"Innocent Kashongwe Murhula, F. Mawete, Lay Ofali, M. Kaswa, F. L. Bompeka, J. Ntumba, Z. K. Munogolo","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.74020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.74020","url":null,"abstract":"The Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the countries with a high preva-lence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Africa and worldwide. This study aims to describe the trends and level of screening since 2013. This is a retrospective descriptive study based on quarterly reports from the provinces. The number of cases, past histories, age, sex and HIV Co-infection was identi-fied. It emerges that the number of cases increases significantly but does not reach the forecasts yet (912 cases of MDR/RR and XDR diagnosed in 2017 out of 3948 cases expected with a gap of 77%). Patients with a history of TB pre-dominate (63.5% in 2017); but the proportion of patients with no history of TB increases (36.5% in 2017). This suggests high rates among contacts. Women (37.8%) and children under 15 (2.7%) are less represented. TB/HIV Co-infection is 12% as for sensitive cases. Efforts still need to be made to improve screening.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48965934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease Requiring Differentiation from Recurrence of Lung Cancer during the Follow-Up Period for Lung Cancer","authors":"Y. Kobashi, M. Abe, Daisuke Yoshioka, Shigeki Kato, T. Oga","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.74021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.74021","url":null,"abstract":"Case 1 was a 49-year-old woman who visited with a dry cough. She had an underlying disease of lung adenocarcinoma and received cancer immunotherapy because of an ALK-positive response and several cancer chemotherapies. The clinical effect was a complete response. Chest CT was performed because of continuous dry cough, and a new tumor shadow was recognized in the lingula portion of the left upper lobe. We performed CT-guided lung biopsy and could aspirate pus-fluid. The culture test for acid-fast bacilli was positive and the causative microorganism was identified as Mycobacterium avium by the DDH method. The final diagnosis was pulmonary abscess due to M. avium. Treatment using combined chemotherapy including CAM was performed and a good clinical response was obtained. Case 2 was a 67-year-old man who had a past history of surgical resection of lung adenocarcinoma eight and two years ago and received several cancer chemotherapies and radiation therapy. Because a new nodular shadow appeared in the right middle lobe one year ago and showed strong positivity on PET/CT, surgical resection was performed with the suspected recurrence of lung cancer. Subsequently, the histological diagnosis was epithelioid granuloma and a culture test of acid-fast bacilli was positive, with the identification of Mycobacterium intracellulare by the DDH method. Combined chemotherapy was not performed because the lesion was completely resected. Afterwards, a new nodular shadow appeared in the left lower lobe again and bronchoscopy was performed. Because M. intracellulare was isolated from the local specimen, we diagnosed the patient with recurrence of pulmonary MAC disease and combined chemotherapy including CAM was performed for one year. Finally, the nodular lesion disappeared. It is difficult to differentiate pulmonary MAC disease from lung cancer. Therefore, careful follow-up of patients with lung cancer while keeping in mind the possible complication of pulmonary MAC disease is necessary.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48419655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Treatment Completion for Tribal Patients in Kerala: Needs Constant Push!","authors":"Jyothilakshmi Chettipparan Rajan, T. Anand, S. Nagaraja, S. K. Ulahannan, K. Sagili, Manu Muraleedharan Sarojini","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.74018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.74018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence among tribal patients is high owing to their social and geographic vulnerability. Ensuring adherence to TB treatment among them remains a challenging task as it is dependent on socio-cultural and environmental factors. Objective: 1) To know the individuals’ perception of TB disease and anti-TB treatment; 2) To explore the personal, social, family and cultural factors influencing on patient’s treatment adherence; 3) To identify the challenges faced by health care providers in delivering services to the tribal population. Material and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study conducted among tribal patients (n = 16) and health providers (n = 6) of Manathavady TB unit, Wayanad District of Kerala. The data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), audio-recorded in Malayalam, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Transcripts were analysed using manual descriptive content analysis. Results: Most of the patients were oriented about the importance of completing TB treatment though lacked awareness about its causation. The supportive attitude of the community further encouraged them to continue TB treatment. However, substance abuse emerged as the biggest challenge to treatment adherence particularly among males. While accessibility to the health system, animal confrontation, and disaster risk emerged as barriers owing to the geographic landscape of the community, health services were found to be acceptable, available and affordable to all the patients. No stigma or discrimination was perceived by the patients at family, community and health system level. However, their beliefs in herbal medicines and conduct of certain rituals delayed them for seeking care. The personal commitment of the health care staff helped the TB patients to adhere better with the treatment thereby yielding best results. Conclusion: The TB treatment adherence among the tribal population was satisfactory due to personal, social and health system support. However, alcoholism and geographic vulnerability were perceived as the challenges in ensuring treatment adherence.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45015521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchial Washing to Diagnose Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis","authors":"Jin Young Lee","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.73014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.73014","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bronchoscopy with bronchial washing is useful for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) when sputum smears are negative. However, its indication has not been standardized. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to assess the diagnostic value of bronchial washing in patients suspected with pulmonary TB. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB in Kosin university gospel hospital, a tertiary hospital with 969 beds in South Korea, from March 2017 to December 2018. We obtained three serial sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture, and all patients underwent bronchoscopy with bronchial washing for AFB smear and culture. Results: Fifty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPT) was diagnosed in 42/56 (75%) patients. Among the patients with smear-positive sputum, 14/14 (100%) showed culture-positive sputum, while smear- and culture-positive bronchial washing were seen in 7/14 (50%) and 12/14 (85.7%) patients, respectively. Among the patients with SNPT, 17/42 (40.47%) had culture-negative sputum and were diagnosed using the bronchoscopic washing. Conclusions: For patients with smear-negative sputum, it is necessary to perform bronchoscopic washing to increase the diagnostic rate of pulmonary TB. To control the transmission of pulmonary TB, it is necessary to use a fast and accurate examination method.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Attending Art Clinic in Bududa General Hospital, Bududa District, Uganda","authors":"Kalyetsi Rogers, N. Gertrude, M. Enoch","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.73013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.73013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis disease affects survival among HIV co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in western Uganda is 15.3% and 7.2% in Tororo, Eastern Uganda. A study in Kampala revealed Tuberculosis prevalence among immuno-incompetent group at 10%. To assess the prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) infection in HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic in Bududa general hospital, Bududa district, a hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out. Methods and materials: Two hundred thirty eight (238) HIV/AIDS positive patients attending ART clinic were recruited using consecutive simple non-probability sampling on consenting. Data collection guide was used to capture the socio-demographic information from study participants and two sputum samples (spot and early morning samples) were obtained from each participant, and processed using Hot Ziehl Neelsen for Tubercle Bacilli. Data collected was entered into MS Excel spreadsheets and Statistical Package of Social Sciences was used for descriptive data analysis and outputs in form of percentages, figures and tables presented. Results: Out of 238 study participants recruited, 14/238 were positive for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB); giving a prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis at 5.9% (14/238) and the most affected age group was between 26 - 35 years with the prevalence of 3.4%. More females (65.6%) participated in the study than males (34.4%). Conclusion: Tuberculosis remains a health challenge in HIV/AIDS positive people in Bududa district and there is need for early screening of all HIV patients for TB as part of their routine and intensification to follow up TB positive patients. We recommend large-scale studies on the trends in TB/HIV co-infection and associated factors should be carried out in this area. In addition, we recommend intensification of public awareness campaign about TB infection in relation to its transmission, prevention and control.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43177682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern and Outcome of Childhood Tuberculosis Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"B. Alex-hart, N. Paul","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.73017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.73017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the fact that Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable, treatable and curable, it has remained a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Identifying patterns of TB and its treatment outcome which is the aim of this study is relevant for TB control programmes. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out over a three-month period from April-June 2019 at the directly observed treatment Short course (DOTS) clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. Relevant information on all children 0 - 18 years with tuberculosis over a four-year period from January 2015 to December 2018 was retrieved and analysed. Information retrieved included the age, sex, HIV status, method of diagnosis of tuberculosis, type of Tuberculosis and the treatment outcome of the patients. Results: There were 202 childhood (0 - 18 years) cases seen over the study period. Out of these, 109 (53.96%) were males and 93 (46.04%) females. Majority of them (40.59%) were 1 - 4 years of age. There were 194 (96.04%) new cases, 6 (2.9%) transfer and 2 (0.99%) retreatment cases. One hundred and six (80.69%) had pulmonary TB, 23 (11.39%) TB adenitis, 10 (4.95%) had TB spine, 3 (1.49%) TB abdomen and 3 (1.49%) TB meningitis. TB/HIV co-infection rate was 48.45%. One hundred and eight completed treatment, 10 (4.95%) were cured, 22 (10.89%) died, 46 (22.77%) defaulted and 16 (7.92%) were transferred out. Successful treatment outcome rate was 58.41%. Conclusion: Pulmonary TB was the commonest type of TB found and treatment success rate was just above average.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41707781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extranodal Tuberculosis of Head and Neck: A Series of 29 Cases","authors":"S. Mezri, G. Chebbi, M. Chebbi, S. Maamouri, R. B. Mhamed, K. Akkari","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.73015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.73015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite a re-increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, extranodal location on head and neck remains rare. Clinical symptomatology is non-specific and even data from paraclinical explorations often pose the problem of differential diagnosis with tumor pathology. Methods: We report a series of 29 cases of extranodal tuberculosis collected over a period of 32 years [1986-2018] in ENT department of the military hospital of Tunis. Results: Rhinosinusopharyngeal involvement was predominant (45%) followed by glandular involvement (14%). Diagnosis was histopathological in most cases. Concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis was detected in two cases and spinal lumbar in one case. Treatment was medical in all cases. Conclusion: Clinical presentation of extranodal tuberculosis is various and non-specific. Neoplastic pathology is the main differential diagnosis. However, diagnosis should be systematically raised in endemic countries. Treatment is essentially medical.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46894488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic Screening of Clients on Opioid Substitution Therapy for Tuberculosis: An Experience from India","authors":"B. Prasad, Mandeep Singh, M. Gupta, P. Thekkur, R. Kumar, Parmesh C. Bhatnagar, S. Chadha","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2019.73012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2019.73012","url":null,"abstract":"Clients on Opioid Substitution Therapy (OST) may be at risk of TB. We screened for tuberculosis in asymptomatic OST clients using Chest-X-ray (CXR) and sputum from those with CXR suggestive of TB were tested using Xpert MTB/Rif. Among 472 who underwent CXR, 1% had CXR suggestive of TB. The number needed to screen was 118 clients for one CXR suggestive of TB. All four clients with CXR suggestive of TB underwent MTB/Rif assay and one was diagnosed with TB. The TB patient was asymptomatic and could have been missed through the passive approach. We recommend further studies to explore ACF among OST clients.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47808406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}