结核病研究(英文)最新文献

{"title":"C-Reactive Protein As a Triage Test in Guiding Who Should Get a Confirmatory Test For Pulmonary Tuberculosis Diagnosis Among Adults: A Case-Control Proof-of-Concept Study From Urban Tanzania","authors":"E. Chiweka, Thomas Maroa, Hosiana Temba, Joseph Ponera, S. Athumani, L. Kamwela, M. Sasamalo, Rastard Naftari, M.D.L.Q. Tito, F. Mhimbira, J. Hella","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-136689/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-136689/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The current screening tools for tuberculosis (TB) are inadequate resulting in insufficient TB case detection and continued community transmission of TB.As the world in geared into finding missing TB cases, new strategies are called for to aid in rapid identification of TB cases. This study aimed to evaluate the role C-reactive protein (CRP)in triaging for who to get a definitive test for active pulmonary TB diagnosis in urban Tanzania.Methods: A case–control study was conducted among pulmonary TB (PTB) patients and contacts without active PTB. The diagnosis of PTB was performed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and culture. Blood was collected from cases and controls for measuring CRP levels during recruitment. We compared socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory parameters obtained during recruitment and performed diagnostic accuracy analyses for CRP. Results: Out of all 193 study participants who were involved in final analysis, 147 (76.2%) were males. Pulmonary TB cases had significantly lower median BMI than controls (median 17.4 kg/m2 [IQR: 15.8–19.2 kg/m2] vs., 24.9 kg/m2 [IQR: 22.1–28.5 kg/m2), p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in prevalence of HIV between PTB cases and controls i.e., 13.33% vs., 11.7%, p = 0.48. CRP was significantly higher in PTB cases vs., controls (median 67.8 mg/L, [IQR: 36.5– 116.9 mg/L] vs., 1.55 mg/L, [IQR: 0.59–6.0mg/L], p = 0.003). Furthermore, CRP at cut-off ≥ 10mg/L were associated with best combination of sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of 89.9%, 95% CI: 82.2-95.0, 80.9%, CI: 71.4-88.2 and 0.85, 95%CI: 0.80-0.90 respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for fever, night sweats and body mass index showed that CRP above 10mg/L was significantly associated with PTB, aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.2-22.8. Conclusions: CRP at cut-off ≥ 10mg/L can be used to screen pulmonary TB. These findings can be used to improve TB screening algorithm by incorporating CRP in combination with TB symptoms to identify patients who need further confirmatory TB tests. However, additional prospective studies are required to support our findings and contribute into policy recommendations on use of CRP in a screening algorithm for pulmonary TB.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45137018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Rifapentine and Rifampicin on Anti-Tuberculosis","authors":"Weijia Lin, Ya-ping Zhang, Zhi Liu, Ping Feng, Zhihua Zhang, Xiulong Zhang","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2021.93019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2021.93019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70458923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher IL-8 Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens in Women above 40 Years","authors":"M. Leboueny, Priscillia Virginie Liesse Mbourou Mensah, P. Essone, Anicet Christel Maloupazoa Siawaya, A. Alame-Emane, A. Nzoghe, Dimitri Ulrich Essamazokou, Carene Anne Ndong Sima Sima, Ofilia Mvoundza Ndjindji, G. Padzys, J. Ondo, B. Gicquel, J. D. Siawaya","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2021.94025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2021.94025","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Circulating levels of sex hormones vary with age. Moreover, there is emerging evidence supporting that sex hormones have an influence on the immune response of women. Here, we investigated age-associated levels of sex hormones and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) specific cytokines response in women. Design: Using immunoassay methods, we have measured and compared secretion levels of E2, P4 and Mtb specific secretion of 11 cytokines including Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in for-ty-two (42) HIV-negative females. Results: Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were significantly higher in younger women irrespective of their LTB status (p < [0.0001 - 0.05]). Mtb IL-8 specific response was significantly higher in women above 40 years old than in women under 40 years old. Conclusion: In premenopausal women, there is an increase in the pro-inflam-matory cytokine IL-8 secretion in response to Mtb-antigen. This observation suggests an underlying link between the pro-inflammatory cytokine and age associated hormonal changes, which may have implications on the course of tuberculosis infection women.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70458989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Contributions of Private Provider Engagement in Tuberculosis Case Finding and Notification in South West Nigeria","authors":"M. O. Fadeyi, Bolaji Ahmed, A. Akindele, Adebayo Bakare, M. Ariyo, Olalekan Onitiju, Osman El-Tayeb, Taofeekat Ali, Yasir Othman, Aderonke Agbaje","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2021.93015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2021.93015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70458879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Active Screening to Detect Un-Registered Open Cases of Tuberculosis in Rural Areas of Capital District of Rajasthan, India","authors":"P. Anand, Mradula Singh, C. R. Meena, S. Lata, A. Jangid, M. Devanda, M. L. Mathur, M. Rathore, B. Singh, Pankaj Kumar","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2021.94026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2021.94026","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is one among top 10 causes of deaths worldwide. Access to effective diagnosis by every TB patient is one among five missions of Global Plan. Active case finding among vulnerable groups has been the key focus area of National Strategic Plan to control TB in India 2017-25. This cross-sectional study was carried out to find out the additional open cases of TB through active screening of general & rural population in selected villages of Jaipur, the capital district in Rajasthan state of India. An active screening team of trained staff visited each house-hold in selected study villages for interviewing the head of house-hold or other adult member available at the time of visit. Family members of age ≥ 15 years were screened for complain of chronic cough of duration 2 weeks or more with study questionnaire. Presumptive cases found at screening were referred for seeking medical consulta-tions from nearest designated microscopy centre. The referred patients were followed up on telephone up to five times for results of medical consultancies. Laboratory technicians of catchment DMCs were also followed up for verification of results. Total 19,306 individuals were covered. Study included 52.8% male, 69.3% ≥ 15 years age, and 99.3% Hindu participants. There were total 153 presumptive TB patients. Out of these, total 10 cases were confirmed as TB. The yield of detection was 0.51 cases/1000 population screened. Study finds active screening as a feasible and effective strategy in detecting additional cases of TB from general and rural population.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70459054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)-Lateral Flow Detection and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis","authors":"Siripan Kounmee, Uraporn Phumisantiphong, Yutthana Apichatbutr","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2021.94023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2021.94023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70458938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Factors Contributing to TB Treatment Adherence among Patients on TB Treatment in Kano State, Nigeria: A Case Study","authors":"J. Anyanti, S. Akuiyibo, O. Idogho, Stephen Ohuneni, Chinwoke Isiguzo","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2020.84019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2020.84019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: \u0000The WHO recommended DOTS has been proven to be very effective in the treatment \u0000of tuberculosis (TB) patients. However, despite its effectiveness, \u0000non-adherence to the treatment regimen remains a major concern in TB \u0000management. This has great consequences which include persistent \u0000infectiousness, higher rates of treatment failure, continued transmission, drug \u0000resistance, and untimely death. The aim of this study is to examine the factors \u0000and behavioural patterns that contribute to treatment adherence among TB \u0000patients in Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A qualitative study design which \u0000included two focus group discussions (FGDs) and four key informant interviews \u0000(KIIs) were adopted for this study. In total, 20 participants were interviewed \u0000comprising 16 focus group discussion participants (8 patients on treatment and \u00008 individuals who have been cured) divided into two groups and four key \u0000informant interviews with 4 health workers in the selected treatment \u0000facilities. Data analysis was done by translating and transcribing the \u0000responses from the FGDs and KIIs. The transcribed data was analysed using a \u0000thematic framework procedure. Results: It was observed that having a good \u0000treatment supporter who was effective and very supportive was the most \u0000important factor contributing to treatment adherence. Other identified factors \u0000that contributed to treatment adherence included: good communication by health \u0000personnel, social support from relatives and communities, little or no side \u0000effects from drug usage, low cost of transportation to the health facilities, a \u0000positive mind set towards drug usage and treatment, support and motivation from \u0000health workers, feelings of wellness during treatment, and a balanced diet. All \u0000the respondents agreed that treatment adherence had far reaching effects on \u0000positive treatment outcomes. Conclusion: For better treatment adherence, a competent treatment supporter should \u0000be available for TB patients. Health care workers should ensure that effective communication and a cordial relationship do exist \u0000with TB patients. Also, TB patients should be properly counselled before the \u0000commencement of their treatment regimen to help them maintain a positive \u0000mind-set towards treatment. Finally, TB interventions should provide adequate \u0000social support for patients.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44669293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Tuberculosis Treatment Truly Free? A Study to Identify Key Factors Contributing to the Catastrophic Cost of TB Care in Pakistan","authors":"A. Ikram, A. Ali, S. Abbasi, Nosheen Ashraf, Sidra Wali, Mohammad Salman, M. Khan, N. Syed, J. Ansari","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2020.84017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2020.84017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The interplay between financial deprivation and tuberculosis (TB) is \u0000considered one of the vital socio-economic determinants of disease. This is the \u0000first study of its kind to be carried in Pakistan, which aims to identify \u0000leading factors contributing towards catastrophic costs of TB diagnosis and \u0000management in order to help policy makers. Methodology: From four \u0000tertiary care hospitals (TCH) in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, 400 TB patients were \u0000interviewed through a cross-sectional survey. The patient’s pre and post-TB income and direct and \u0000indirect costs for treatment were analysed following WHO recommendations. \u0000Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants \u0000of catastrophic total cost. Results: For TB \u0000management expenditures, the median (interquartile range) of total costs by \u0000households was Rs. 58,175 \u0000Rs (32,050 - 97,500). \u0000At 20% threshold, 67% of TB patient’s households were affected by catastrophic \u0000costs. The determinants of the catastrophic total cost were as follows: \u0000patient/guardian employed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.428, 95% confidence \u0000interval [CI]: 1.900 - 6.186), \u0000patient/guardian the only breadwinner (aOR = 1.751, 95% CI: 1.011 - 3.032), \u0000follow-up visits at current health facility (aOR = 1.352, 95% CI: 1.223 - 1.494), \u0000job loss (aOR = 3.381, 95% CI: 1.512 - 7.561), and unpaid sick \u0000leaves (aOR = 2.862, 95% CI: 1.249 - 6.558). Conclusion: The \u0000financial deprivation experienced by patients of low socio-economic status \u0000increases as TB treatment proceeds. This negatively impacts the treatment \u0000adherence, resulting in poor treatment outcomes due to income and job loss. \u0000Outcomes are exacerbated if the family has single breadwinner and treatment \u0000requires follow-up visits.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing TB Surveillance in Nigeria: Best Practices, Challenges and Lessons Learnt","authors":"O. Kusimo, C. Ugwu, U. Aduh, C. Okoro","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2020.84018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2020.84018","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: TB \u0000Surveillance is a critical component of the global TB response. Comprehensive, \u0000accurate and timely information on TB is crucial for an effective TB control \u0000program hence the need for a robust tuberculosis surveillance system in all \u0000countries that contribute to the global burden of TB including Nigeria. Against \u0000this backdrop, an intervention was set in motion to triangulate the information from the health data reporting \u0000systems towards improving the overall surveillance system for TB in the \u0000country. Objectives: This article highlights the best \u0000practices, lessons learnt and challenges associated with the implementation of \u0000TB surveillance in Nigeria. In resource-limited settings such as Nigeria \u0000where health systems including health information management are sub-optimal, \u0000there is a heavy reliance on national and sub-national TB surveillance systems. \u0000TB data is mainly reported through the National Tuberculosis Control, however \u0000the integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) system also provides a \u0000platform for TB data collation through the LGA and State disease surveillance \u0000and notification officers. Conclusion: Implementing \u0000TB surveillance in Nigeria brought to fore the need for a wider engagement of \u0000all health facilities in TB control. As a dividend of the TB surveillance intervention, \u0000quality of care was improved in the private health sector through effective \u0000linkages to the commodity management system of the NTP and the national \u0000treatment guidelines. Strengthening community health surveillance system was \u0000identified as a critical element of Tuberculosis control. Also, the efficiency \u0000birthed by the integration of TB surveillance into the IDSR structure opened up \u0000other potential opportunities such as a unified capacity building of community \u0000informants on all notifiable diseases and the integration of reporting and risk \u0000communication for all health issues at the community level.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45210733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nutritional Support on Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Sayem, Md. Golam Hossain, T. Ahmed, Khaled Hossain, Z. Saud","doi":"10.4236/jtr.2020.84020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jtr.2020.84020","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a \u0000public health crisis throughout the world including Bangladesh \u0000particularly due to its complexities in diagnosis, longer treatment regimen, \u0000and adverse drug reaction. Nutritional supplementation has significant impact \u0000on patient’s weigh gain and optimum weight gain is a biomarker of treatment \u0000response. The objective of this study was \u0000to measure body mass index (BMI) progress among MDR-TB patients in \u0000different phases of treatment. Methodology: A \u0000prospective observational study was conducted from March 2010 to July 2015 in \u0000Chest Disease Hospital (CDH), Rajshahi and different communities of Rajshahi \u0000Division, Bangladesh. A total of 233 confirmed MDR-TB patients were selected \u0000from CDH who received treatment and nutritional support from ongoing national \u0000TB control program (NTP). They received free diagnosis, follow up tests, \u0000treatment and nutritional support as regular diet as well as cash amount Bangladeshi \u0000taka (BDT.) 1000 \u0000per month in CDH. Along with treatment, they also received only cash amount BDT. 1500 per month as \u0000nutritional support at community level. Weight measurement was taken at regular \u0000interval from enrollment to completion of treatment. Chi-square, paired t-test \u0000and linear regression analysis were used in this study. Results: \u0000The baseline prevalence of undernourished (BMI 2) was \u000082.4%. After two months of treatment, 14.5% underweight patients gained weight \u0000and reverted to normal BMI. Regression analysis showed the decreasing tendency \u0000of BMI progress with increasing age which was significant among male patients \u0000(p 92%). Conclusion: Nutritional \u0000support has synergistic effect on treatment response. Adequate nutritional \u0000support with proper treatment would help to get better outcomes particularly at \u0000community level. Gender issue should also be addressed at household level.","PeriodicalId":70603,"journal":{"name":"结核病研究(英文)","volume":"08 1","pages":"223-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70458835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}