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Effect of Thermochemical and Surface Mechanical Treatments on the Microstructure, Properties and Fatigue Resistance of Steel 20Kh (20Cr4) 热化学和表面机械处理对20Kh （20Cr4）钢组织、性能和抗疲劳性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01124-7
V. P. Kuznetsov, A. V. Korelin, V. V. Voropaev, A. S. Yurovskikh, A. S. Skorobogatov
{"title":"Effect of Thermochemical and Surface Mechanical Treatments on the Microstructure, Properties and Fatigue Resistance of Steel 20Kh (20Cr4)","authors":"V. P. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;A. V. Korelin,&nbsp;V. V. Voropaev,&nbsp;A. S. Yurovskikh,&nbsp;A. S. Skorobogatov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01124-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01124-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative analysis of the structure, properties of the surface layer and fatigue resistance of samples of steel 20Kh (20Cr4) subjected to gas carburizing, quenching and low tempering with subsequent surface treatments — grinding, diamond burnishing or nanostructuring burnishing with a PSTM DBN tool after preliminary turning is carried out. Fatigue tests of cylindrical samples are performed using a bending-twisting scheme according to the ASTM E466-07 Standard, and their fractures are examined. It is shown that the surface layer with a nanocrystalline structure suppresses the development of fatigue cracks until 1.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> test cycles of treatment at a load of 1000 MPa. The surface layer formed by the nanostructuring burnishing has a thickness of 8– 10 μm, a nanocrystalline structure, and a microhardness of 1185 <i>HV</i><sub>0.05</sub>; together with the deformed carburized layer with carbon concentration 0.97% at a distance of up to 125 μm from the surface it provides a higher fatigue resistance than the processing by grinding and diamond burnishing.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"67 1-2","pages":"23 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formation of Texture in the Process of Secondary Recrystallization of High-Permeability Anisotropic Electrical Steel with Different Alloying Additions 不同合金添加量对高磁导率各向异性电工钢二次再结晶织构的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01114-9
A. S. Roldugina, M. V. Ryazanov, V. I. Parakhin
{"title":"Formation of Texture in the Process of Secondary Recrystallization of High-Permeability Anisotropic Electrical Steel with Different Alloying Additions","authors":"A. S. Roldugina,&nbsp;M. V. Ryazanov,&nbsp;V. I. Parakhin","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01114-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01114-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of chemical composition on the texture of high-permeability anisotropic (grain-oriented) electrical steel is studied using physical modeling of high-temperature annealing. Electron backscatter diffraction methods are used to investigate the formation of texture during the abnormal grain growth in secondary recrystallization. The texture sharpness is measured, and the distribution of the areas and numbers of grains with respect to the angles of misorientation from the ideal Goss texture position is determined. The misorientations differing from the Goss texture in the secondary recrystallization texture are analyzed. Hypotheses on the appearance of unabsorbed grains due to their size advantage and possible segregation of tin on grain boundaries are formulated. A possible cause of growth of the{112}&lt;110&gt; texture component at the expense of the {111}&lt;112&gt; component during secondary recrystallization is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"754 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deformation and Ductility of Low-Carbon Steel with Different Magnitudes of Strain Aging Effect. 3. Loss of Ductility During Strain Aging of Steel 不同程度应变时效效应下低碳钢的变形与延性钢在应变时效过程中的延性损失
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01100-1
V. M. Farber, A. N. Morozova, O. V. Selivanova, V. A. Khotinov
{"title":"Deformation and Ductility of Low-Carbon Steel with Different Magnitudes of Strain Aging Effect. 3. Loss of Ductility During Strain Aging of Steel","authors":"V. M. Farber,&nbsp;A. N. Morozova,&nbsp;O. V. Selivanova,&nbsp;V. A. Khotinov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01100-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01100-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The digital image correlation method is used to determine the structural and deformation factors at the meso- and macro-levels responsible for the low ductility of steel 08G2B (08Mn2Nb), which exhibits the effect of strain aging after heating at 250°C. The factors include a small scale of plastic deformation by the banded mechanism localized in about 1/3 of the sample, where only two strain bands are formed on a short yield plateau and form a strain source when they intersect. The other two strain sources arise in the linear and exponential stages of the tension, when dislocations are unlocked during the distributed deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"655 - 660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi Response Optimization of Welding and Tempering Parameters of 10 mm Thick Dissimilar Sheet Steels 10mm厚异种钢板焊接回火参数的多响应优化
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01105-w
Yasin Sancar, Yasin Sarikavak
{"title":"Multi Response Optimization of Welding and Tempering Parameters of 10 mm Thick Dissimilar Sheet Steels","authors":"Yasin Sancar,&nbsp;Yasin Sarikavak","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01105-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01105-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of technological parameters of gas metal arc welding with SG2 electrode wire and subsequent tempering on the structure and mechanical properties of multi-pass welded joints from dissimilar sheet steels St37-2 and St52-3 with a thickness of 10 mm has been studied. To optimize the technological conditions of welding and heat treatment during the experiments, a systematic approach with three level variables of parameters for the Taguchi orthogonal array was used, where mechanical properties (tensile tests, hardness and impact strength) and microstructural characteristics (optical metallography, SEM, XRD) are investigated. The contribution of each welding and tempering variable was evaluated, and optimized with Grey relational analysis. It was found that that changing the arc voltage during welding has the greatest impact on the mechanical properties, and the tempering process after welding increases the plastic characteristics of welded joints.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"693 - 700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Heating Temperature During Quenching on the Phase Composition and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Engineering Steels 淬火加热温度对工程钢相组成及磨料耐磨性的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01111-y
V. A. Sharapova, M. A. Filippov, V. P. Shveikin, N. N. Kudryashova, S. O. Morozov
{"title":"Effect of Heating Temperature During Quenching on the Phase Composition and Abrasive Wear Resistance of Engineering Steels","authors":"V. A. Sharapova,&nbsp;M. A. Filippov,&nbsp;V. P. Shveikin,&nbsp;N. N. Kudryashova,&nbsp;S. O. Morozov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01111-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01111-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A comparative study of the effect of quenching temperature from the austenitic and intercritical temperature ranges on the microstructure, hardness, phase composition and abrasive wear resistance of medium-carbon engineering steels 45, 34KhN1M (34CrNi1Mo), and 38KhN3MFA(38CrNi3MoW) is carried out. It is shown that after the quenching with heating above <i>Ac</i><sub>3</sub> , alloyed steels 34KhN1M and 38KhN3MFA are inferior to steel 45 with respect to the abrasive wear resistance. However, after the quenching from the intercritical temperature range, the abrasive wear resistance of these steels exceeds that of steel 45 by 10% due to the presence of a heterophase structure represented by high-carbon martensite, metastable austenite, which transforms on the working surface into friction-induced martensite during wear, and ferrite, capable for friction twinning.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"734 - 739"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fractographic Features of Ultrafine-Grained Metals After Tension Accompanied by Pulse Current 超细晶金属脉冲电流拉伸后断口特征
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01101-0
V. V. Stolyarov
{"title":"Fractographic Features of Ultrafine-Grained Metals After Tension Accompanied by Pulse Current","authors":"V. V. Stolyarov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01101-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01101-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microrelief of samples of pure titanium and aluminum in single-crystal, coarse-grained and ultrafine- grained states subjected to tension accompanied by different modes of pulse current is studied using scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the metals in all the states studied fracture by a ductile mechanism characterized by a dimple-cup fracture pattern. A common feature of the single-crystal and coarse-grained states is a microrelief bearing shear bands and large cups, while the ultrafine-grained state is characterized by dimples on the fracture surface. The dimple size does not correlate with the grain size but depends on the intensity of the pulse current and on the microporosity arising during the refinement of the structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"661 - 670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structure of Combined Intermetallic Electrospark Coatings on Steel 45 45钢复合金属间电火花镀层的组织
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01102-z
S. N. Khimukhin, K. P. Eremina, V. K. Khe
{"title":"Structure of Combined Intermetallic Electrospark Coatings on Steel 45","authors":"S. N. Khimukhin,&nbsp;K. P. Eremina,&nbsp;V. K. Khe","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01102-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01102-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure, phase composition and distribution of chemical components in two-layer coatings obtained by the method electrospark deposition (ESD) on steel 45 (cathode) are studied. It is shown that the lower layer formed by Ni or Cu acts as a damper preventing penetration of microcracks into the cathode from the upper layers of the coatings obtained from alloys based on the Ni – Al system. The two-layer coatings in all the cases have a gradient structure constituted by columnar crystallites, the concentration of components in which varies gradually over the thickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"671 - 677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Situ Measurement of Stresses in Oxide Scales 氧化鳞片应力的原位测量
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01115-8
Haitao Wang, Shaomei Zheng, Shufeng Sun
{"title":"In Situ Measurement of Stresses in Oxide Scales","authors":"Haitao Wang,&nbsp;Shaomei Zheng,&nbsp;Shufeng Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01115-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01115-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A review and comparison of methods for measuring stresses <i>in situ</i> in oxide scale, including x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, piezospectroscopy, and deflection methods, is presented. An analysis of the principles and procedures of testing has shown that each of them has both advantages and limitations. The results of measuring stresses in various oxides are considered: NiO, Zr<sub>2</sub>O, Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, etc., studied by different methods. The deflection method is superior to others in measuring stresses in thick oxide scales. However, the coating process brings more errors. In order to eliminate the adverse impacts of coating process, a novel method — Archimedes curve slice moment technique is developed to detect stresses in thick oxide scales on metals for long-term service at high temperature. The experimental principal is illustrated, and the stress formula is derived. Without coating before oxidation, the Archimedes curve slice specimen is oxidized freely at high temperature, and the stresses in oxide scales could be calculated by observing the slice crimping displacement <i>in situ</i> real time during oxidation. A set of the experimental equipment is established, expecting to test the growth stress and thermal stress separately with higher precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"762 - 774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Creation of Sparingly Alloyed Cold-Resistant Steels with Strength Level of at Least 950 MPa for Heavily Loaded Equipment 为重载设备制造强度至少为950mpa的低合金化耐寒钢
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01112-x
P. P. Poletskov, N. V. Koptseva, A. S. Kuznetsova, Yu. Yu. Efimova, A. E. Gulin, A. D. Kartunov
{"title":"Creation of Sparingly Alloyed Cold-Resistant Steels with Strength Level of at Least 950 MPa for Heavily Loaded Equipment","authors":"P. P. Poletskov,&nbsp;N. V. Koptseva,&nbsp;A. S. Kuznetsova,&nbsp;Yu. Yu. Efimova,&nbsp;A. E. Gulin,&nbsp;A. D. Kartunov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01112-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01112-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The choice of the chemical composition of new sparingly alloyed high-strength cold-resistant steels with strength level of at least 950 MPa for heavily loaded equipment is substantiated. Thermokinetic diagrams of decomposition of supercooled austenite are plotted for the steels with selected chemical compositions. Heat treatment modes are suggested. The mechanical properties during the heat treatment are determined to develop recommendations for the use of the research results under industrial conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"740 - 746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Microalloying with Transition Metals on the Structure and Properties of Alloy Al – 0.17Sc 过渡金属微合金化对Al - 0.17Sc合金组织和性能的影响
IF 0.5 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-025-01104-x
V. V. Zakharov, I. A. Fisenko
{"title":"Effect of Microalloying with Transition Metals on the Structure and Properties of Alloy Al – 0.17Sc","authors":"V. V. Zakharov,&nbsp;I. A. Fisenko","doi":"10.1007/s11041-025-01104-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-025-01104-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of microadditions of transition metals Zr, Hf, Ti, V on the kinetics of solid solution decomposition, recrystallization and strengthening characteristics of an ingot with diameter 92 mm, extruded strip, and cold-rolled sheets from alloy Al – 0.17 wt.% Sc is studied. It is shown that microalloying with zirconium is the most effective. The best combination of mechanical properties is obtained in the alloy when the content of zirconium is equal to that scandium, i.e. it is necessary to observe a 1-to-1 proportion of Sc to Zr. The addition of zirconium, which dissolves in the solid solution together with scandium, inhibits the decomposition of the solid solution in the ingots and increases the recrystallization temperature and significantly raises the strength in the deformed semiproducts.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"66 11-12","pages":"686 - 692"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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