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Structural Changes and Diffusion in the Zone of Contact Deformation of Copper Alloys Under Friction 摩擦下铜合金接触变形区的结构变化与扩散
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01007-3
L. I. Kuksenova, V. I. Savenko
{"title":"Structural Changes and Diffusion in the Zone of Contact Deformation of Copper Alloys Under Friction","authors":"L. I. Kuksenova,&nbsp;V. I. Savenko","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01007-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01007-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Calculation of diagrams of components of residual stress tensor arising in the surface layer of a tribomaterial under sliding friction is used to formulate ideas about the role of the medium in creating a plasticizing and strengthening triboeffect. The characteristics of the structural state of the surface layers of brasses, aluminum and tin bronzes during their friction against steel in surface-active lubricants are presented. The conditions for achieving minimum power losses to friction and wear are determined. The role of local diffusion phenomena in quasi-spinodal phase transitions observed in surface micro-volumes of copper alloys during their contact deformation is revealed. It is shown that among industrial copper alloys, brass of the L90 type, aluminum bronzes BrA5, BrA7, and tin bronzes BrOF4-0.25, BrOF6,5-0,15 have the greatest wear resistance in surface-active lubricants. Examples of implementation of the phenomenon of selective transfer in friction pairs are given. Recommendations are developed for its use in friction units of machines and devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"790 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Heat Treatment Modes Under Phase Pre-Transformation Conditions on the Structure and Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints of Titanium Alloy 相预转变条件下的热处理模式对钛合金电子束焊接接头结构和性能的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01004-6
V. V. Grigorev, P. V. Bakhmatov
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment Modes Under Phase Pre-Transformation Conditions on the Structure and Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints of Titanium Alloy","authors":"V. V. Grigorev,&nbsp;P. V. Bakhmatov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01004-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01004-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of heat treatment modes under conditions of phase pre-transformation on the structure and properties of electron-beam-welded joints of titanium alloy VT20 is investigated. It is shown that heat treatment at 980°C for 120 – 150 sec makes it possible to remove residual stresses and to increase the tensile strength of the welded joints to 1230 MPa, as well as to ensure a uniform chemical composition over the volume of the joints to meet the requirements of OST 1 90013–81. The suggested method of heat treatment may be used for local treatment of the heat affected zone and of the welded joint in air environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"769 - 776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growth Kinetics and Microstructure of Iron Boride Layers on AISI 1050 Steel AISI 1050 钢上硼化铁层的生长动力学和微观结构
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01001-9
Safiye İpek Ayvaz
{"title":"Growth Kinetics and Microstructure of Iron Boride Layers on AISI 1050 Steel","authors":"Safiye İpek Ayvaz","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01001-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01001-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diffusion kinetics of boron in AISI 1050 steel is investigated. AISI 1050 steel samples are borided for 2, 4 and 6 h at 850, 900 and 950°C by the powder-pack boriding method using Ekabor-II boriding powder. After the powder-pack boriding, about 25.4 – 118.9 μm thick FeB/Fe<sub>2</sub>B boride layers are obtained on the surfaces of the samples. The boride layers have a typical tooth morphology and their hardness is 1071 – 1460 <i>HV</i><sub>0.1</sub>. The growth rate constants for the boriding temperatures of 850, 900 and 950°C for the AISI 1050 steel are determined to be 1.522 × 10 <sup>–12</sup>, 2.964 × 10 <sup>–13</sup> and 6.354 ×10 <sup>–12</sup> m<sup>2</sup> · sec <sup>–1</sup>, respectively. The boron diffusion activation energy in the AISI 1050 steel is 162.93 kJ · mol <sup>–1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"751 - 757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the Composition of Saturating Mixture on the Depth of Diffusion of Chromium and the Coating Structure During Chromovanadizing 饱和混合物的成分对铬化过程中铬的扩散深度和涂层结构的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01003-7
N. A. Shaburova
{"title":"Influence of the Composition of Saturating Mixture on the Depth of Diffusion of Chromium and the Coating Structure During Chromovanadizing","authors":"N. A. Shaburova","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01003-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01003-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of metallographic and x-ray phase studies of 35Kh2N3 steel samples after two-component thermal diffusion saturation with chromium and vanadium in mixtures of different compositions are presented. It is shown that when metallic chromium is replaced by ferrochromium, the structure and the phase composition of the coating change; the amount of carbide and nitride phases decreases and the amount of the Cr – Fe – V solid solution increases. The use of serpentine in the saturating mixture (an emitter of oxygen anions, which creates a flow of charged particles directed to the saturated part) elevates the depth of diffusion of chromium into the metal from 20 to 50 μm. The hardness of the coatings due to chromizing in metallic chromium powder with ferrovanadium and in a mixture of ferrochromium with ferrovanadium amounts to 2000 <i>HV</i> and 1750 <i>HV</i>, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"762 - 768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanoindentation Study of Borided Low-Carbon 16MnCr5 Steel 硼化低碳 16MnCr5 钢的纳米压痕研究
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01002-8
A. Calik, N. Yeniay, N. Ucar
{"title":"Nanoindentation Study of Borided Low-Carbon 16MnCr5 Steel","authors":"A. Calik,&nbsp;N. Yeniay,&nbsp;N. Ucar","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01002-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01002-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of the temperature and duration of boriding on the nanohardness and modulus of elasticity of 16MnCr5 steel is studied. Pack-boriding is carried out in a solid medium at temperatures of 1123 – 1223 K for 2–6h using the Ekabor II reagent. The obtained experimental results prove effectiveness of the nanoindendation method for assessing the quality and properties of the borided surfaces of 16MnCr5 steel. It is shown that the values of the nanohardness and of the Young’s modulus of the steel range within 587.5 – 3716.4 MPa and 63.3 – 159.7 GPa, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"758 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to: Effect of Aluminum, Copper and Manganese on the Structure and Properties of Cast Irons 更正： 铝、铜和锰对铸铁结构和性能的影响铝、铜和锰对铸铁结构和性能的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01008-2
N. V. Stepanova, R. I. Mikhalev, T. D. Tarasova, D. S. Volkov
{"title":"Correction to: Effect of Aluminum, Copper and Manganese on the Structure and Properties of Cast Irons","authors":"N. V. Stepanova,&nbsp;R. I. Mikhalev,&nbsp;T. D. Tarasova,&nbsp;D. S. Volkov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01008-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01008-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"801 - 801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retained Austenite in the Structure of Carbide-Free Bainite and Its Effect on the Impact Strength of Structural Steels 无碳化物贝氏体结构中的残余奥氏体及其对结构钢冲击强度的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-00989-4
A. Yu. Kaletin, Yu. V. Kaletina, Yu. N. Simonov
{"title":"Retained Austenite in the Structure of Carbide-Free Bainite and Its Effect on the Impact Strength of Structural Steels","authors":"A. Yu. Kaletin,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kaletina,&nbsp;Yu. N. Simonov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-00989-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-00989-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processes of formation of carbide-free bainite and the effect of the temperature-time parameters of isothermal hardening in the range of bainitic transformation on the structure and impact toughness of low-alloy structural steels are studied. A method for nondestructive testing of the impact toughness of medium-carbon steels heat-treated by isothermal quenching is developed on the basis of identified patterns of changes in the properties of retained austenite and in the impact toughens of the steels.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"677 - 682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Study on the Effect of Prior Hot Forging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI D2 Steel After Quenching 先热锻对淬火后 AISI D2 钢微观结构和机械性能影响的研究
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-00990-x
Shrutik Bole, S. B. Sarkar
{"title":"A Study on the Effect of Prior Hot Forging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI D2 Steel After Quenching","authors":"Shrutik Bole,&nbsp;S. B. Sarkar","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-00990-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-00990-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of hot forging and heat treatment parameters (austenitization temperature, quenching medium and tempering temperature) on the microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness, impact strength and wear resistance) of AISI D2 steel has been studied. It has been established that during hot forging, the primary M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> carbides in the steel structure are transformed into secondary M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides. This leads to hardening of the steel, since the secondary M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides are the main factors in its increased strength and wear resistance. Carrying out of quenching after forging contributes to an increase in the number of secondary carbides and their more uniform distribution in the steel structure, which leads to an increase in its hardness, toughness, and wear resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"683 - 690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of Structural-Phase Transformations and Kinetics of Decomposition of Supersaturated Solid Solution of Fire-Resistant Magnesium Alloy VML26 耐火镁合金 VML26 过饱和固溶体的结构相变和分解动力学研究
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-00988-5
Z. P. Uridiya, A. A. Leonov, N. V. Trofimov, E. M. Morozova
{"title":"Study of Structural-Phase Transformations and Kinetics of Decomposition of Supersaturated Solid Solution of Fire-Resistant Magnesium Alloy VML26","authors":"Z. P. Uridiya,&nbsp;A. A. Leonov,&nbsp;N. V. Trofimov,&nbsp;E. M. Morozova","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-00988-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-00988-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of a study of structural-phase transformations and kinetics of decomposition of supersaturated solid solution that occur during heat treatment (aging) of a new-generation magnesium alloy with an elevated ignition temperature are presented. The microstructure of the alloy in cast, quenched and aged states is studied. The physical and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy VML26 after aging at different temperatures and time parameters are determined. Dependence of the mechanical properties and hardness of alloy VML26 on the aging modes is established.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"671 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Powder Feed Rate on the Structure and Properties of Plasma Deposited Stellite 6 Cladding on SS316L Stainless Steel Substrate 粉末进给速率对 SS316L 不锈钢基材上等离子沉积 Stellite 6 涂层结构和性能的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-13 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-00991-w
Avishkar Bhoskar, Vivek Kalyankar
{"title":"Effect of Powder Feed Rate on the Structure and Properties of Plasma Deposited Stellite 6 Cladding on SS316L Stainless Steel Substrate","authors":"Avishkar Bhoskar,&nbsp;Vivek Kalyankar","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-00991-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-00991-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of powder feed rate (PFR) on the structure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of Stellite 6 coating deposited on SS316L steel substrate by plasma welding is studied. It is shown that a high powder feed rate leads to delamination of the coating, and a low PFR leads to an extreme melting depth of the substrate due to the high thermal energy. It is shown that a cobalt-rich fcc phase is formed at low PFR, while the M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>, M<sub>6</sub>C, MC, and M<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> phases (M is W, Cr, Co, and Mo) are metastable. At high PFRs, a cobalt-rich hcp phase is formed in the coating structure. The cobalt-based hcp phase is more resistant to sliding wear than the other phases. The coatings deposited at higher PFRs increase the hardness and the wear resistance due to formation of an hcp cobalt phase in the structure, but the bond between the substrate and the coating is worse than when using low PFRs. Therefore, for critical components used in the petrochemical industry, Stellite 6 coatings deposited on stainless steel at lower powder feed rates are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"691 - 697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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