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Effect of T6 and T6I4 Aging Treatments on Microstructure and Compressive Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by SiCw Via Squeeze Casting T6 和 T6I4 老化处理对挤压铸造 SiCw 增强铝金属基复合材料显微结构和压缩性能的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01006-4
Tao Wei, Xiaojing Xu, Bin Zhang, Guoning Bao, Lele Liu, Shuaidi Li, Jianming Wu
{"title":"Effect of T6 and T6I4 Aging Treatments on Microstructure and Compressive Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by SiCw Via Squeeze Casting","authors":"Tao Wei,&nbsp;Xiaojing Xu,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Guoning Bao,&nbsp;Lele Liu,&nbsp;Shuaidi Li,&nbsp;Jianming Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01006-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01006-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microstructure and compressive properties of the 7xxx series aluminum alloy (Al – 12.44Zn – 3.22Mg – 1.13Cu – 0.19Zr – 0.12Sr) reinforced with SiC whiskers via squeeze casting are investigated after aging treatments T6-1, T6-2, T6I4-1, and T6I4-2. For this purpose, the effect of four kinds of aging heat treatments on the properties of the aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) is studied systematically through Vickers hardness and room temperature compressive testing. The microstructure is analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The experimental results show that the hardness of the AMMCs after four kinds of aging processes has different degrees of improvement compared to no-aging. After the T6-1, T6-2, T6I4-1, and T6I4-2 aging processes, the hardness of the composites is 325, 278, 306, and 345.8 <i>HV</i>, respectively. The additional T6-2 aging treatment provides the highest compressive strength and compressive strain, about 747 MPa and 7%, respectively, as well as a maximum dislocation strengthening of approximately 86.89 MPa.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"781 - 789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Schaeffler Diagram for Predicting the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Resistant Steels with More than 10 wt.% Cr 应用舍弗勒图预测含 10 wt.% 以上铬的耐热钢的结构和机械性能
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-00999-2
M. Yu. Belomytsev
{"title":"Application of Schaeffler Diagram for Predicting the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Resistant Steels with More than 10 wt.% Cr","authors":"M. Yu. Belomytsev","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-00999-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-00999-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An overview of the most used variants of the structural-chemical Schaeffler diagram developed by various researchers is presented. A new version of the Schaeffler diagram and equations for calculating Cr- and Ni-equivalents are suggested, which makes it possible to correctly predict the content of δ-ferrite in the structure of heat-resistant ferritic–martensitic steels of the EP450 – EP823 – EK181 – ChS139 group containing ≥ 10 wt.% Cr, after hot deformation and heat treatment. Based on the factor analysis of the relationship between the physicochemical and structural characteristics of such steels and their mechanical properties, equations are obtained in which the Cr- and Ni-equivalents are allowed for as factors determining the value of the yield strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"737 - 746"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of Intragrain Plastic Deformation in Steel Heating Process 钢铁加热过程中晶内塑性变形的机理
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01000-w
Yu. M. Dombrovskii, M. S. Stepanov
{"title":"Mechanisms of Intragrain Plastic Deformation in Steel Heating Process","authors":"Yu. M. Dombrovskii,&nbsp;M. S. Stepanov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01000-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01000-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The mechanisms of intragrain plastic deformation occurring in local micro-volumes of metal under the influence of temperature stresses during high-speed heating due to high-energy exposure are studied. The temperature distribution over the thickness of the sample is calculated and its experimental verification is carried out. Samples of steel 12Cr18Ni10, which does not undergo phase transformations during heating and cooling, are examined after a treatment with scanning air-plasma arc. It is shown that the intragrain plastic deformation during heating of austenitic steel is caused by thermoelastic stresses arising in the heated layer and in the volumes bordering it and manifests itself in the appearance of sliding traces in the grains. The mechanisms of the appearance of temperature stresses in the metal are proposed and substantiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"747 - 750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural Changes and Diffusion in the Zone of Contact Deformation of Copper Alloys Under Friction 摩擦下铜合金接触变形区的结构变化与扩散
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01007-3
L. I. Kuksenova, V. I. Savenko
{"title":"Structural Changes and Diffusion in the Zone of Contact Deformation of Copper Alloys Under Friction","authors":"L. I. Kuksenova,&nbsp;V. I. Savenko","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01007-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01007-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Calculation of diagrams of components of residual stress tensor arising in the surface layer of a tribomaterial under sliding friction is used to formulate ideas about the role of the medium in creating a plasticizing and strengthening triboeffect. The characteristics of the structural state of the surface layers of brasses, aluminum and tin bronzes during their friction against steel in surface-active lubricants are presented. The conditions for achieving minimum power losses to friction and wear are determined. The role of local diffusion phenomena in quasi-spinodal phase transitions observed in surface micro-volumes of copper alloys during their contact deformation is revealed. It is shown that among industrial copper alloys, brass of the L90 type, aluminum bronzes BrA5, BrA7, and tin bronzes BrOF4-0.25, BrOF6,5-0,15 have the greatest wear resistance in surface-active lubricants. Examples of implementation of the phenomenon of selective transfer in friction pairs are given. Recommendations are developed for its use in friction units of machines and devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"790 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Heat Treatment Modes Under Phase Pre-Transformation Conditions on the Structure and Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints of Titanium Alloy 相预转变条件下的热处理模式对钛合金电子束焊接接头结构和性能的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01004-6
V. V. Grigorev, P. V. Bakhmatov
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment Modes Under Phase Pre-Transformation Conditions on the Structure and Properties of Electron-Beam-Welded Joints of Titanium Alloy","authors":"V. V. Grigorev,&nbsp;P. V. Bakhmatov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01004-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01004-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of heat treatment modes under conditions of phase pre-transformation on the structure and properties of electron-beam-welded joints of titanium alloy VT20 is investigated. It is shown that heat treatment at 980°C for 120 – 150 sec makes it possible to remove residual stresses and to increase the tensile strength of the welded joints to 1230 MPa, as well as to ensure a uniform chemical composition over the volume of the joints to meet the requirements of OST 1 90013–81. The suggested method of heat treatment may be used for local treatment of the heat affected zone and of the welded joint in air environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"769 - 776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Growth Kinetics and Microstructure of Iron Boride Layers on AISI 1050 Steel AISI 1050 钢上硼化铁层的生长动力学和微观结构
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01001-9
Safiye İpek Ayvaz
{"title":"Growth Kinetics and Microstructure of Iron Boride Layers on AISI 1050 Steel","authors":"Safiye İpek Ayvaz","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01001-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01001-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diffusion kinetics of boron in AISI 1050 steel is investigated. AISI 1050 steel samples are borided for 2, 4 and 6 h at 850, 900 and 950°C by the powder-pack boriding method using Ekabor-II boriding powder. After the powder-pack boriding, about 25.4 – 118.9 μm thick FeB/Fe<sub>2</sub>B boride layers are obtained on the surfaces of the samples. The boride layers have a typical tooth morphology and their hardness is 1071 – 1460 <i>HV</i><sub>0.1</sub>. The growth rate constants for the boriding temperatures of 850, 900 and 950°C for the AISI 1050 steel are determined to be 1.522 × 10 <sup>–12</sup>, 2.964 × 10 <sup>–13</sup> and 6.354 ×10 <sup>–12</sup> m<sup>2</sup> · sec <sup>–1</sup>, respectively. The boron diffusion activation energy in the AISI 1050 steel is 162.93 kJ · mol <sup>–1</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"751 - 757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the Composition of Saturating Mixture on the Depth of Diffusion of Chromium and the Coating Structure During Chromovanadizing 饱和混合物的成分对铬化过程中铬的扩散深度和涂层结构的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01003-7
N. A. Shaburova
{"title":"Influence of the Composition of Saturating Mixture on the Depth of Diffusion of Chromium and the Coating Structure During Chromovanadizing","authors":"N. A. Shaburova","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01003-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01003-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of metallographic and x-ray phase studies of 35Kh2N3 steel samples after two-component thermal diffusion saturation with chromium and vanadium in mixtures of different compositions are presented. It is shown that when metallic chromium is replaced by ferrochromium, the structure and the phase composition of the coating change; the amount of carbide and nitride phases decreases and the amount of the Cr – Fe – V solid solution increases. The use of serpentine in the saturating mixture (an emitter of oxygen anions, which creates a flow of charged particles directed to the saturated part) elevates the depth of diffusion of chromium into the metal from 20 to 50 μm. The hardness of the coatings due to chromizing in metallic chromium powder with ferrovanadium and in a mixture of ferrochromium with ferrovanadium amounts to 2000 <i>HV</i> and 1750 <i>HV</i>, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"762 - 768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanoindentation Study of Borided Low-Carbon 16MnCr5 Steel 硼化低碳 16MnCr5 钢的纳米压痕研究
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01002-8
A. Calik, N. Yeniay, N. Ucar
{"title":"Nanoindentation Study of Borided Low-Carbon 16MnCr5 Steel","authors":"A. Calik,&nbsp;N. Yeniay,&nbsp;N. Ucar","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01002-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01002-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of the temperature and duration of boriding on the nanohardness and modulus of elasticity of 16MnCr5 steel is studied. Pack-boriding is carried out in a solid medium at temperatures of 1123 – 1223 K for 2–6h using the Ekabor II reagent. The obtained experimental results prove effectiveness of the nanoindendation method for assessing the quality and properties of the borided surfaces of 16MnCr5 steel. It is shown that the values of the nanohardness and of the Young’s modulus of the steel range within 587.5 – 3716.4 MPa and 63.3 – 159.7 GPa, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"758 - 761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to: Effect of Aluminum, Copper and Manganese on the Structure and Properties of Cast Irons 更正： 铝、铜和锰对铸铁结构和性能的影响铝、铜和锰对铸铁结构和性能的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-01008-2
N. V. Stepanova, R. I. Mikhalev, T. D. Tarasova, D. S. Volkov
{"title":"Correction to: Effect of Aluminum, Copper and Manganese on the Structure and Properties of Cast Irons","authors":"N. V. Stepanova,&nbsp;R. I. Mikhalev,&nbsp;T. D. Tarasova,&nbsp;D. S. Volkov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-01008-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-01008-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"801 - 801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retained Austenite in the Structure of Carbide-Free Bainite and Its Effect on the Impact Strength of Structural Steels 无碳化物贝氏体结构中的残余奥氏体及其对结构钢冲击强度的影响
IF 0.6 4区 材料科学
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s11041-024-00989-4
A. Yu. Kaletin, Yu. V. Kaletina, Yu. N. Simonov
{"title":"Retained Austenite in the Structure of Carbide-Free Bainite and Its Effect on the Impact Strength of Structural Steels","authors":"A. Yu. Kaletin,&nbsp;Yu. V. Kaletina,&nbsp;Yu. N. Simonov","doi":"10.1007/s11041-024-00989-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11041-024-00989-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processes of formation of carbide-free bainite and the effect of the temperature-time parameters of isothermal hardening in the range of bainitic transformation on the structure and impact toughness of low-alloy structural steels are studied. A method for nondestructive testing of the impact toughness of medium-carbon steels heat-treated by isothermal quenching is developed on the basis of identified patterns of changes in the properties of retained austenite and in the impact toughens of the steels.</p>","PeriodicalId":701,"journal":{"name":"Metal Science and Heat Treatment","volume":"65 11-12","pages":"677 - 682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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