{"title":"Surgical treatment for medial epicondyle tendinopathy: a systematic literature review.","authors":"J T Poolton, J Minett, A Kazmi","doi":"10.52628/91.4.14595","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.14595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medial epicondyle tendinopathy is a pathology of the common flexor-pronator elbow tendon. Surgical intervention is indicated if conservative management modalities fail. This review aimed to determine if surgical intervention is an effective treatment for medial epicondyle tendinopathy in general population adults. Studies measuring pain, using the Visual Analogue Scale; grip strength, using a hand-held dynamometer; and/or function, using a validated quantitative tool, following surgical management of medial epicondyle tendinopathy in patients aged ≥18 years were searched for. Databases searched included Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, OpenGrey and PubMed. Study quality was assessed using the NICE quality appraisal checklist for quantitative studies reporting correlations and associations, and findings were presented in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Four case series including a total of 105 (11 treated arthroscopically, 34 percutaneous and 60 open) patients with mean ages of 45-52.5 years met the inclusion criteria. All 4 studies measured validated quantitative outcomes, including MEPI (n=2), DASH (n=2) and VAS (n=2). One study observed significant improvements in VAS (P=0.006) and DASH (P=0.04), while another observed a significant improvement in MEPI (P<.0001). Post-operative complication rates for each approach were 18.18% (2/11) for arthroscopic, 0% (0/60) for open and 0% (0/34) for percutaneous. Study quality ranged from low (n=1) to medium (n=3) for internal validity, and medium (n=1) to high (n=3) for external validity. In conclusion, there is a small-sized (n=4) and weak recommendation for using surgical management of medial epicondyle tendinopathy in general population adults, owning to the limited and generally low-quality of evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"429-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P Velasco, R Seijas, M Vázquez, P Laiz, A Ferré-Aniorte, R Cugat
{"title":"Endoscopic treatment for greater trochanteric pain syndrome: one-year outcomes and comorbidity impact.","authors":"P Velasco, R Seijas, M Vázquez, P Laiz, A Ferré-Aniorte, R Cugat","doi":"10.52628/91.4.14765","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.14765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic treatment for greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) and to assess the influence of comorbidities such as anxiety-depressive syndrome (ADS) and fibromyalgia on recovery. Between January and April 2023, 26 endoscopic procedures for GTPS were retrospectively analyzed. Patients included were ≥18 years, presented with GTPS lasting more than six months, and had failed conservative management including physiotherapy, infiltrations, and shockwave therapy. All underwent endoscopic bursectomy and cruciform iliotibial band release. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and Hip Outcome Score for Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Sports Subscale (HOS-SS). Of the 25 patients (26 hips) included, 80.8% were women, with a mean age of 53.4 years. Statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in all functional scores at 3 and 6 months. Improvements in VAS, mHHS, and HOS-ADL persisted at 12 months, while HOS-SS plateaued. ADS was present in 46.2% of patients. Although these patients had lower baseline scores, postoperative outcomes were not significantly different compared to non-ADS patients. Endoscopic treatment of GTPS provides early and sustained functional improvement. The presence of anxiety- depressive syndrome or fibromyalgia does not appear to adversely impact surgical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"473-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Dufour, D Vandenbosch, A Karelse, L DE Wilde, A VAN Tongel
{"title":"The IDO-Isometer: a valuable alternative for measuring the strength of external rotation of the shoulder: a comparative study between two measurement devices.","authors":"J Dufour, D Vandenbosch, A Karelse, L DE Wilde, A VAN Tongel","doi":"10.52628/91.4.14714","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.14714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hand-held dynamometer (HHD) is widely used to assess isometric shoulder strength but may present some limitations. The present study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the IDO-Isometer as a potential alternative for measuring isometric external rotation strength of the shoulder at 90° abduction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety asymptomatic adult volunteers (45 males, 45 females) underwent strength testing of both shoulders using an HHD and the IDO-Isometer. Measurements were performed in a standardized supine position with the shoulder abducted to 90° and the elbow flexed at 90°. Each device was used three times per shoulder with a 3-minute rest interval between devices. The sequence of testing was randomized. Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the IDO-Isometer were evaluated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The IDO-Isometer demonstrated excellent agreement with the HHD, with ICC values of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85-0.93) for both dominant and non-dominant shoulders. Intra-rater reliability yielded ICCs of 0.95 and 0.92, and inter-rater reliability showed ICCs of 0.97 and 0.96, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The IDO-Isometer demonstrated excellent reliability for measuring isometric external rotation at 90° shoulder abduction. Given its lower cost and ease of use, it may represent a valuable alternative to the HHD in both clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"547-552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I Oesman, A Feby Canintika, R Parasmadhan, D Dwi Suhandri, F Budhy
{"title":"Does metformin administration improve fracture healing? A systematic review of preclinical studies.","authors":"I Oesman, A Feby Canintika, R Parasmadhan, D Dwi Suhandri, F Budhy","doi":"10.52628/91.4.14777","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.14777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fracture healing plays a critical role in the recovery from bone injuries and functional mobility. However, conditions such as diabetes mellitus increase the vulnerability to disruptions in this process. Diabetes, a systemic inflammatory disorder, is associated with impaired osseus healing and increased fracture vulnerability. Metformin, an oral antidiabetic medication, has shown potential in enhancing fracture healing; however, its clinical effectiveness remains controversial. We aim to elucidate the effects of metformin on fracture healing and explore potential mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar until January 17, 2024. Criteria encompassed English-language, peer-reviewed articles using in vivo models. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guideline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7 studies were included in this study. Diabetes impedes fracture healing through inflammation- induced osteoblast cell death, and metformin, commonly prescribed for diabetes, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Studies indicated metformin's positive effects on bone repair through AMPK activation, increased collagen production, and enhanced angiogenesis. However, some studies reported inferior bone quality and limited impact on normoglycemic conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Metformin emerges as a promising adjunct in fracture healing, particularly in diabetic patients, by promoting osteogenesis and controlling chronic inflammation. Contradictory findings necessitate further research to clarify metformin's effects on bone healing, urging a comprehensive understanding for potential clinical applications and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"411-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elective total hip arthroplasty stratified by surgical approach: how does the risk of dislocation relate to bearing size, type, and implant fixation?","authors":"P H J Cnudde, J Nåtman, O Rolfson, N P Hailer","doi":"10.52628/91.4.13685","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.13685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a serious concern that is rarely reported as a complication in register studies. The aim of this population-based register study was to evaluate the true cumulative incidence of dislocation by surgical approach following THA and to assess the impact of bearing size, bearing type, and stem fixation on dislocation risk. In this longitudinal cohort study based on data from 136,810 patients with a unilateral primary elective THA were included and followed up until 1st dislocation, revision, death, second THA of bilateral THA, or until the end of the observation period. The cumulative dislocation incidence was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, stratified by surgical approach. Multiple Cox regression models were fitted to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for dislocation. The 1-year cumulative dislocation incidence was 1.1% (1.0-1.2) after use of the lateral approach and 2.3% (2.2-2.4) after the posterior approach. The use of femoral heads smaller than 32mm (reference) was associated with a higher risk of dislocation for both approaches (lateral HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.43-2.07, p<0.001; posterior HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19- 1.51, p<0.001). For the posterior approach, head sizes bigger than 32mm or dual mobility cups (DMC) conferred a lower risk of dislocation (>32mm HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.9-0.83, p<0.001; DMC HR 0.21, 95%CI 0.1-0.41, p<0.001). The use of the posterior approach carried an increased risk of dislocation when compared with the lateral approach, however, this risk was mitigated when using head sizes of 36 mm and by DMC.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"453-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Murali, C Kumar Krishnan, A Karnawat, K Narayanaswamy, A Bary, S Shree Krishnamurthy, K Raghavachari Suresh, A Raja
{"title":"Internal Hemipelvectomy for Primary Pelvic Bone Tumours Surgical Complications and Oncological Outcomes.","authors":"A Murali, C Kumar Krishnan, A Karnawat, K Narayanaswamy, A Bary, S Shree Krishnamurthy, K Raghavachari Suresh, A Raja","doi":"10.52628/91.4.13657","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.13657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary bone tumours of the pelvis usually present late, with large tumour size, in proximity to major neurovascular structures and visceral organs. Due to its operative morbidity, prolonged time of surgery, associated blood loss, and inherent anatomical challenges, internal hemipelvectomy is practiced in specialised centers only. This study was designed to evaluate the surgical complications and oncological outcomes in patients undergoing internal hemipelvectomy for primary pelvic bone tumours. A prospectively collected database at our Institute was retrospectively reviewed, and 51 consecutive patients who underwent internal hemipelvectomy for primary pelvic bone tumours from 2005 to 2020 were identified. Ewing's sarcoma and chondrosarcoma (17 each) were the most common diagnoses. Neoadjuvant therapy was offered to 27 patients (53%), with a mean tumour response of 57%. Thirty patients received adjuvant radiation to the operative site, and 87% completed the course of chemotherapy. Negative surgical margins were obtained in 84.4% patients. 22 patients had flap-related complications. Age more than 20 years, T stage, and the number of segments resected adversely impacted flap-related complications. Three patients needed explantation of the prosthesis, and six patients had nerve injuries. After a median follow-up of 44 months (range, 2-148 months), 23 patients had recurrences. The 3-year event-free survival and overall survival were 47% and 61%, respectively, and at 5 years, they were 39% and 59%, respectively. Patient selection plays an essential role and should be based on accurate preoperative imaging, appropriate neoadjuvant therapy, and effective preoperative planning. Surgical expertise supported by aggressive physiotherapy is essential for rehabilitation. Despite the various challenging perioperative hurdles, it is a viable option for limb salvage for pelvic sarcomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"513-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I M Dorling, M A M Vesseur, H D Veldman, N J H M In den Kleef
{"title":"Challenges in identifying the underlying cause of extensive osteonecrosis: an illustrative example and clinical guide.","authors":"I M Dorling, M A M Vesseur, H D Veldman, N J H M In den Kleef","doi":"10.52628/91.4.14226","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.14226","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors present a case of a female patient in her early forties diagnosed with an exceptionally extensive manifestation of osteonecrosis, with bilateral involvement across several major joints and bone regions, including the proximal femur, distal femur, proximal tibia, patella, and the foot/ankle area. The widespread pattern suggested a severe systemic compromise in blood flow, leading to ischemic bone damage. To elucidate the underlying pathology, a comprehensive array of tests and investigations were conducted. As the case advanced, a potential elementary cause for the osteonecrosis was identified: alcohol abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"553-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frailty as a Predictor of Low-Energy Fractures in Older People with Osteoporosis: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Weiqun Wang, Longdi Liu, Zhongyan Jiang, Cheng Bi, Lipei Bao, Xuyan Li, Qin Shuai, Chong Wang","doi":"10.52628/91.4.14966","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.14966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to elucidate the relationship between bone mineral density and frailty in older people with osteoporosis, as well as to assess the predictive value of frailty for low-energy fractures within this demographic. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from older people with osteoporosis admitted between January 2020 and January 2022. Frailty was evaluated using the Fried Frailty Phenotype, and data on demographics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and bone mineral density were collected. All patients were followed for three years post-enrollment to document the occurrence of low-energy fractures, thereby investigating the association between frailty status (frail, pre-frail, non-frail) according to the Fried Frailty Phenotype and fracture risk. A total of 129 patients were included in the study, with 115 completing the follow-up. The bone mineral density in frail patients was significantly lower than that in both pre-frail and non-frail participants, while pre-frail patients also exhibited significantly lower bone mineral density compared to non-frail individuals. The incidence of low-energy fractures was markedly higher in frail patients compared to their pre-frail and non-frail counterparts (72.4% vs. 40.4% vs. 20.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified frailty status (frail, pre-frail, non-frail) according to the Fried Frailty Phenotype and cardiovascular disease as independent risk factors for fractures. Frailty status (frail, pre-frail, non-frail) according to the Fried Frailty Phenotype is an independent predictor of low-energy fractures in older people with osteoporosis, indicating the need for its incorporation into comprehensive fracture risk management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N Ayoglu, B Karaismailoglu, E Davutluoglu, O Aydingoz, G Utku Deger, E Taskin, M Fatih Guven, H Botanlioglu
{"title":"Does the use of parameters derived from complete blood count increase the accuracy of septic arthritis diagnosis in adult patients?","authors":"N Ayoglu, B Karaismailoglu, E Davutluoglu, O Aydingoz, G Utku Deger, E Taskin, M Fatih Guven, H Botanlioglu","doi":"10.52628/91.4.11432","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.11432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis of septic arthritis can be challenging and any delay in treatment can cause important disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate several ratios obtained from routine blood tests for possible use in the diagnosis of septic arthritis. Adult patients operated with the diagnosis of septic arthritis were retrospectively evaluated. 34 patients were found to be eligible for inclusion. The control group comprised 40 age-matched knee osteoarthritis patients without infection. Neutrophil-lymphocyte, monocyte-lymphocyte, platelet-lymphocyte, and platelet count-mean platelet volume ratios were calculated, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) values of all parameters. Affected joints in the septic arthritis group included 22 knees, 6 hips, 4 shoulders, and 2 elbows. All evaluated parameters were significantly different between the groups (p<0.001). AUC value representing diagnostic performance was 97.3 when CRP and ESR values were used but increased to 98.6 when neutrophile/lymphocyte ratio was added and increased to 100 when all analyzed parameters were included. Analyzed parameters were found to increase the overall sensitivity and specificity of septic arthritis diagnosis when used together with CRP and ESR. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found as the most powerful predictor amongst the analyzed ratios and more significantly increased when joint culture was positive.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"503-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T B Puga, W Scambler, L Tackett, McK W Box, M Poffenbarger, J T Riehl
{"title":"Vaping and Orthopaedic Surgery: A scoping review of the literature.","authors":"T B Puga, W Scambler, L Tackett, McK W Box, M Poffenbarger, J T Riehl","doi":"10.52628/91.4.15119","DOIUrl":"10.52628/91.4.15119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, vaping has grown in popularity among adolescents and young adults. Much remains unknown regarding its effects on orthopaedic surgery. This scoping review expands upon previous reviews by evaluating updated literature from 2025 and including evaluation of orthopaedic injuries caused by vaping accidents. A search was conducted across seven databases. The search used a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. Titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility for inclusion criteria. Full texts were screened and included if they met criteria. Demographics and results of the studies were extracted from the articles that met inclusion criteria. In clinical studies vaping led to increased complications and negative outcomes in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and total shoulder arthroplasty. Vaping was associated with increased self- reported rates of fragility fractures and decreased hand microcirculation. Studies highlighted the potential negative effects of vaping on bone and wound healing. Vaping trauma injuries led to patients experiencing burns, cervical spine injuries, bilateral hand sweet syndrome, and mangled hand injuries requiring complex reconstruction. Vaping may have a negative association on orthopaedic surgery outcomes in arthroplasty and spine surgery and may affect outcomes in other orthopaedic subspecialty surgeries as well. Vaping could potentially have negative effects on several organ systems, which may lead to surgical complications. Traumatic vaping injuries can cause serious orthopaedic injuries requiring operative management. Future studies can be conducted to evaluate the full effects of vaping on orthopaedic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":7018,"journal":{"name":"Acta orthopaedica Belgica","volume":"91 4","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}