Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica最新文献

{"title":"Gewässerbeurteilung ‐ Sind wir am Ende mit den Qualitätskriterien? Aus mikrobiologischer Sicht","authors":"U. Obst","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"6 1","pages":"268-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89928649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Das Entwässerungsverhalten von Klärschlamm in Gegenwart von Polyelektrolyten","authors":"C. Schuster, J. Kötz, W. Kulicke, S. Parker, N. Böhm, W. Jaeger","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250105","url":null,"abstract":"Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung von Klarschlamm mit wohldefinierten synthetischen Polyelektrolyten unterschiedlicher Ladung, Molmasse und Molekulgeometrie wurden mittels Zeta- und Stromungspotentialmessungen und Polyelektrolyttitrationen vorgenommen. Dabei konnten verschiedene Mechanismen der Klarschlammflockung aufgezeigt und deren Auswirkung auf das Entwasserungsverhalten des Schlamms uberpruft werden. Je nach Flockungsverfahren (kationische Monoflockung, anionisch-kationische und kationisch-anionische Dualflokkung) sowie Kettenlange und Verzweigungsgrad der eingesetzten Polyelektrolyte werden unterschiedliche Mechanismen der Schlammentwasserung (Verbruckung, Mosaikhaftungsmechanismen, Einschlusflockung infolge von Poly-elektrolytkomplexbildung) diskutiert. Fur ein gegebenes Flockungsmittel lassen sich somit bei Kenntnis des Mechanismus der Wechselwirkung optimale Verfahrensweisen zur Klarschlammentwasserung vorhersagen. Dewatering Behaviour of Sludge in the Presence of Polyelectrolytes Interactions of sludge particles with well defined synthetic polyelectrolytes of different charge, molecular mass, and molecular geometry were investigated by means of zeta- and streaming potential measurements and polyelectrolyte titrations. Different mechanisms of flocculation were discussed with regard to the dewatering behaviour of the sludge. In dependence on the flocculation procedure (cationic monoflocculation, anionic-cationic, and cationicanionic dual flocculation) as well as on the chain length and branching of the polyelectrolytes used, different mechanisms of sludge dewatering were discussed: Polyanions are not adsorbed on the sludge particles and lead to a decline of the dewatering results. Linear short chain polycations result in a flocculation after surface charge neutralization of the particles according to a patch mechanism. Long chain linear polycations cause a bridging of the particles leading to a flocculation without charge neutralization of the aggregates formed. With branched polycations, a flocculation according to a patch mechanism is observed. These polycations form sludge particle aggregates which are surface charge neutralized at the flocculation point. In anionic-cationic dual flocculations using long chain polycations, an inclusion flocculation due to polyanion-polycation complex formation is the predominating mechanism. The cationic-anionic dual flocculation with complete covering of the particles with polycations in the first step can be discussed by a patch mechanism quite similar to an anionic monoflocculation of cationic particles. By knowing the mechanism of interaction for a given flocculation agent, an optimal sludge dewatering procedure can be predicted.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"52 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73647192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrology and Hydrochemistry of British Wetlands. Hrsg.: Jocelyne Hughes, Louise Heathwater John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, 1995, ISBN 0‐471‐58707‐9, 300 S., geb., £ 54.–","authors":"I. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"87 1","pages":"48-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81073204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Development of the Lake Baikal Region – A Model Territory for the World. Hrsg.: Valentin A. Koptyug, Martin Uppenbrink Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1996, ISBN 3-540-60560-6, 372 S., Hardcover, DM 228,–","authors":"C. Stcinberg","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"8 1","pages":"105-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81086158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gewässerbeurteilung - Sind wir am Ende mit den Qualitätskriterien? Aus analytischer Sicht†","authors":"S. Schmidt","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"59 4 1","pages":"213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83732958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gewässerbeurteilung ‐ Sind wir am Ende mit den Qualitätskriterien? Aus behördlicher Sicht","authors":"M. Raudschus","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"28 7","pages":"271-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72616025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow Injection Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Von Zhaolun Fang John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1995, ISBN 0–471–95331–8, 320 S., £ 60,–","authors":"M. Bissen","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250516","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"482 1","pages":"285-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76374777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untersuchung der Sorptionseigenschaften des Kationenaustauschers KB-2M mit Makronetzstruktur zur Abtrennung von Zinkionen aus Ab- und Spülwässern","authors":"O. Kononowa, A. G. Cholmogorow, G. L. Paschkow, G. P. Wdowina","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250407","url":null,"abstract":"Obwohl Ionenaustauschprozesse im Rahmen der Abwasserreinigung ziemlich gut untersucht worden sind, fehlen noch Kenntnisse uber Ionenaustauscher mit Makronetzstruktur. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ergebnisse der Untersuchung von Sorptionseigenschaften des Kationenaustauschers KB-2M mit Makronetzstruktur im Vergleich mit Harzen von poroser und nichtporoser Struktur zusammengefast. Die von uns hergestellten Carboxylharze wurden fur die Abtrennung der Zn2+-Ionen aus Ab- und Spulwassern unter statischen und dynamischen Bedingungen angewandt. Zur Aufklarung der Harzstruktur vor und nach der Zinksorption wurden verschiedene physikalische Methoden herangezogen, wie Quecksilberporosimetrie, IR-Spektroskopie, Elektronenmikroskopie und Rontgenstrukturanalyse. Der Zinkgehalt in Losungen wurde mittels AAS-Methode bestimmt. Aus den IR-spektroskopischen und kinetischen Angaben gelang es, den Sorptionsmechanismus der Zinkionen aufzuklaren. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse gestatten zu sagen, das der Kationenaustauscher KB-2M mit Makronetzstruktur am besten fur die Zinksorption aus Ab- und Spulwassern geeignet erscheint. Study of Sorptional Properties of the Cation Exchanger KB-2M with Macroreticular Structure for Recovery of Zinc Ions from Sewage and Rinsing Water Although a number of ion-exchange methods have been employed for the recovery of some transition metals from industrial effluents, knowledge about ion-exchange resins with macroreticular structure is poor. The present paper describes the mechanism of sorption on such exchangers and their application for recovery of zinc from sewage rinsing water. Ion exchanger of macroreticular structure are polymers with long-chained cross-linking agents. We have synthesized carboxylic ion-exchange resins by hydrolysis of copolymerisates of methyl acrylate with different cross-linking agents: divinylbenzene, divinyl sulfide, divinyl ester of ethylene glycol and divinyl ester of di- or triethylene glycol. The sorption process on modifications of the carboxylic resins KB-2 of various structure was studied with different methods: potentiometric titration, infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray structural analysis. The initial zinc concentration in rinsing water was 0.05 mol/L at pH from 3 to 6. For the sorption, 0.2…1.0 g of resin were equilibrated with 100 mL of zinc solution. After equilibrium (12 h), the resin was separated from solution. The zinc ions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after stripping with 100 mL of 10% sulfuric acid. The distribution ratio D was calculated (D: mmole of Zn sorbed per gram of resin divided by mmole of Zn per millilitre of solution). By means of infrared spectroscopy, the mechanism of sorption of zinc ions from rinsing water was determined. There may be a possibility of the formation of complexes in the cation-exchange resin phase. It was found out in this paper that the cation-exchanger KB-2M of macroreticular structure is the","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"30 1","pages":"208-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84649975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Chloroethers in Aqueous Samples Using Solid‐phase Microextraction","authors":"L. Wennrich, W. Engewald, P. Popp","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250607","url":null,"abstract":"A method for the determination of di- and tetrachlorinated ethers (haloethers) in aqueous samples using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with capillary GC has been developed. Using 100-μm polydimethylsiloxane fibers, the influence of several parameters on the SPME procedure like the exposure time of the fiber in the aqueous sample, the desorption temperature, and the salt content of the sample have been studied. Salt addition has a strong effect on the extraction efficiency of the haloethers investigated. Working with saturated salt solutions, the factor increase of the peak areas was in the range from 5 to 12. These improvements are accompanied by decreased precision and increased equilibration times. The SPME method combined with several detectors (FID, ECD, MS in SIM mode) was evaluated with respect to detection limits, linearities, and precisions. Working with salt addition and FID, detection limits of all compounds investigated were in the range of 0.3 to 1.2 μg/L. Using ECD, the LOD values (limits of detection) were only improved for the tetrachlorinated bis(propyl) ethers (<10 ng/L). Employing mass-spectrometric detection in SIM mode for all chlorinated ethers, detection limits lower than 100 ng/L could be reached. Working with saturated salt solutions, the coefficients of variation were <9% RSD. However, without salt addition, the precision is better than 2.5% RSD for all analytes. Investigations showed that the analysis of the haloethers with SPME is not influenced significantly by the matrix Elbe water. The results of two series of samples demonstrate that SPME-GC-MS allows the sensitive determination of the di- and tetrahalogenated ethers in Elbe river water. Bestimmung von Chlorethern in wasrigen Proben mittels Festphasenmikroextraktion Es wurde ein Analysenverfahren zur Bestimmung von di- und tetrachlorierten Ethern (Haloether) in Wasser mittels Festphasenmikroextraktion (SPME) an 100-μm-Polydimethylsiloxan-Fasern und Kapillargaschromatographie erarbeitet. Wesentliche Parameter des SPME-Verfahrens, wie die Expositionszeit der Faser in der wasrigen Probe, die Desorptionstemperatur, der Salzgehalt der Probe, wurden untersucht. Durch den Zusatz von Salz („Aussalzeffekt”g) konnte die Extraktionseffizienz deutlich verbessert werden. Dieses ist mit einer Verschlechterung der Reproduzierbarkeit und vergroserten Aquilibrierungszeiten verbunden. Nach Optimierung der SPME-Parameter wurde das Verfahren im Hinblick auf Prazision, Nachweisgrenzen und Linearitat der Kalibration evaluiert, wobei drei Detektionssysteme (FID, ECD, MS im SIM-Modus) genutzt wurden. Bei Salzzusatz und Einsatz des FID wurden fur die untersuchten Haloether Nachweisgrenzen im Bereich von 0.3 bis 1.2 μg/L ermittelt. Mittels ECD konnten nur fur die tetrachlorierten Bis(propyl)ether die Nachweisgrenzen deutlich verbessert werden (< 10 ng/L). Bei massenselektiver Detektion im SIM-Modus wurden fur alle Chlorether Nachweisgren","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"123 1","pages":"329-334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81599383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ein kompetitiver Immunoassay zur Bestimmung des Herbizids Fluazifop in Trink‐ und Grundwasser","authors":"F. Poppe, K. Rubach","doi":"10.1002/AHEH.19970250507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AHEH.19970250507","url":null,"abstract":"A competitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using rabbit polyclonal antibodies was developed for the detection of the herbicide fluazifop [(RS)-2-[4-(5-trifluoro-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)phenoxy]propionic acid] in drinking water and groundwater. Present regulatory limits for drinking water in Germany were taken as the critical level. The carrier protein was bovine serum albumin; horseradish peroxidase was used as marker enzyme with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine as substrate. A high concentration of high-affinity antibodies in the serum, optimization of test conditions (antibody and enzyme tracer concentration, incubation time etc.), and very low cross reactivities to substances of similar structures led to a highly sensitive and specific ELISA with a detection limit below 0.1 μg/L for fluazifop as free acid. On testing the suitability of the assay's use as a screening test with one hundred drinking-water samples, the three samples which had been spiked in the laboratory were recognized as positive with respect to their fluazifop content. Confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed the test results of two other samples to be false positive. False negative results did not appear. The concentration was in the detection limit region of 0.1 μg/L.","PeriodicalId":7010,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrochimica Et Hydrobiologica","volume":"29 1","pages":"265-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89729317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}