Academic Journal of Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"A New Composition of High Heat General Purpose Polystyrene (High Heat GPPS) Resin","authors":"K. Basavaraju","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555650","url":null,"abstract":"A new composition of high heat general-purpose polystyrene (High heat GPPS) resin synthesis is discussed. The new composition of resin involves addition of cross-linker/comonomer in very low concentration during synthesis process. Commercially available vinyl cross-linkers like divinylbenzene (DVB), Ethylene dimethacrylate (EDM), Tricycle (5.2.1.02,6) decanedimethanol diacrylate (TDDDA), Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and vinyl comonomer like maleic anhydride, α-methylstyrene have been evaluated via bulk polymerization method. DVB showed enhancement in the heat distortion temperature (HDT), vicat softening temperature (VST) & melt flow index (MFI) compared to the benchmark grade of GPPS, whereas other mechanical and impact properties remained same or better than benchmark grade under identical methods of measurement.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88914099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexaferrite Based Flexible Polymeric Nanocomposites for Microwave Absorbing Applications","authors":"A. Ansari","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555647","url":null,"abstract":"The flexible microwave absorbers are being considered as new generation materials which have wide applications in the local area network, wireless data communication, radar systems, satellite communication, satellite television, electronic devices and the heating systems, etc. A number of dielectric, magnetic, and magneto – dielectric materials are frequently used as microwave absorbers for various applications. The carbonaceous materials like carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphite and graphene and inorganic materials like metals, metal oxides, and conducting alloys are used to develop the dielectric microwave absorber because of their conducting loss property. The magnetic materials like magnetic metals and their compounds are used to produce magnetic microwave absorber due to their hysteresis loss property. The combined features of the dielectric and magnetic materials together assist in the preparation of magneto – dielectric microwave absorbers. The spinel ferrites are generally employed as magnetic components for the design of microwave absorbing materials. However, the spinel ferrite based microwave absorbers have usually been reported to work at frequencies below 1 GHz. A very high amount of spinel ferrites (~70 90 wt %) is required for the design of microwave absorber working above 1 GHz frequency (for example, X-band). However, such high content of spinel ferrites makes the absorbers as heavy in weight due to which their applications in the aerospace industry are constrained. Apart from the heavy weight, the spinel ferrite based microwave absorbers are also restricted in some practical applications due to their large thickness, narrower absorption bandwidths, and the brittleness property. In order to increase the applicability of ferrite based microwave absorbers, the hexagonal ferrites (M-type) appear to be better option due to their relatively high magnetic losses resulting into broadband and efficient microwave absorber for the higher frequency applications (X-band). To circumvent the brittleness of the ferrite/hexagonal ferrite based microwave absorbers and to make them flexible, the hexagonal ferrites can be dispersed into the thermoplast polymers or rubber like host materials.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75544403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Materials for the Development of Dual↓Working Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems. A Breakthrough Approach","authors":"M. D. Paz, R. Grosso","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.04.555646","url":null,"abstract":"Oral route is the most convenient and widely used method of drug administration, representing about 90% of all therapies used. It displays great advantages, such as being non-invasive, easy to administer (with the consequent high patient compliance) and cost-effective. However, serious drawbacks to conventional oral dosage forms are imposed by the gastrointestinal tract. Large fluctuations in drug bioavailability are found due to the influence of physiological factors such as variations in pH, high enzymatic activity and gastric emptying. This is the reason why frequent drug administrations are required to maintain the therapeutic plasma level of the drug. Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS) have emerged as an ideal approach to overcome these drawbacks. They are designed to prolong the gastric residence time (GRT) of the dosage forms in the stomach so that the time between dose administration is lengthened. Although their development has partially overcome the drawbacks associated with conventional dosage form, further work is needed on its shortcomings. The overall objective of this minireview is to highlight the opportunities from the development of dual-working polymeric materials, suitable for their use as GRDDS with improved GRT and capable of overcoming common drawbacks associated with conventional GRDDS. This could be achieved by a combination of properties such as buoyancy, swelling, porosity, and bioadhesion of the synthesized materials.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78163916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Engineering Perspective for a Novel Ion Exchange Membrane","authors":"Jae-Man Jang","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555653","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the studies about ion exchange membrane (IEM) have been focused on the analysis of commercial IEM, material engineering on the tailor-made membrane, and system engineering related to the IEM applications. However, the structural engineering of IEM is quite effective to improve drastically IEM properties because the structure can affect the movement and hindrance of ion in the membrane body. It is worth taking this opportunity to recall the need for IEM structural studies. As one idea of structural engineering research, an IEM that simulates the concrete structure of a building can be very effective to overcome the limitation of conventional IEMs.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77042516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion Exchange Membrane for Reverse Electrodialysis","authors":"Jae-Man Jang","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2021.05.555654","url":null,"abstract":"Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are used for exchanging or removing ions from the solutions so that they are fabricated by polymers rather than metals or ceramics. When metal is in contact with the solutions, some reaction or corrosion occurs, and ceramic is difficult to use in membrane form because it is brittle. Also, normal metals and ceramics do not have high ion-exchange properties so that polymers are used widely as a host material of the IEM. The conventional IEMs are either layered membrane consisted of ion exchange material and support layer, and thick bulk membrane. There are no critical problems to use them for water treatment, but they are not suitable for electrochemical application such as reverse electrodialysis (RED). RED is a method of making electricity by sequential ion transport through semi-permeable membranes and electrochemical reaction at the electrode part so that the IEMs need to be developed for getting the structure not to interfere with ion movement through the IEM body. In the RED system, the IEMs are involved in separating ions to create the chemical potential which makes a voltage in the electrochemical system. IEMs for RED has not yet been widely adopted, and most of them are the membrane for electrodialysis (ED). Therefore, we need to study engineering approaches to improve the IEM properties.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77888260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Melt Structure and Viscosity Properties of CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2-FeO-Cr2O3 system","authors":"Yajing Liu","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76514072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment: Make Binding Forces Visible- Molecular Binding Forces, Recycling/Reuse, Life Cycle Engineering (LCE)","authors":"P. Eyerer","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555641","url":null,"abstract":"A very simple experiment shows students the difference between primary and secondary molecular binding forces. Use an empty plastic cup for milk, yoghurt or coffee and destroy it by pressing the cup together. You will watch cracks only longitudinal the cup. Try to break the cup horizontally you will fail. What you observe are the secondary binding forces between the molecules oriented along the length of the cup versus the primary binding forces perpendicular to the long side of cup.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73304065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Engineering - Developing or Improving Plastic Products- Are Plastics Boon or Bane?","authors":"P. Eyerer","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555639","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics have advantages and disadvantages in properties like every other material section i.e. wood, metals, aluminum, ceramics. A boon is the high flexibility with plastics to create each desired property for each single application. But this is exactly also the bane. The result are the 5 Billon tons of plastic worldwide everywhere on earth. The diversity of plastic solutions is enormous. This makes reuse of it almost impossible. Compared with no economic value of used plastic the significance for Consumers and companies is almost zero. We need a common strength to solve this problem. And we need true facts from scientists and experts to help consumers make the wright decision under technical, economical, ecological and social aspects. This is shown in detail using a plastic tote bag versus a fiber tote bag.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80446015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress of Semi-Aromatic Copolyamides: Structure-Property Relationship","authors":"S. Yuan","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555638","url":null,"abstract":"Semi-aromatic copolyamides owing to both possessing the machinability of aliphatic polyamides and the high temperature resistance of aromatic polyamides, were widely used in automotive and electronic fields. To better summarizes the research on the structure-property relationship of semi-aromatic copolyamides, the review was carried out from three aspects: synthesis, structure characterization and structure-property relationship. The study of structure-property relationship can be applied to the modification process of semi-aromatic copolyamides, and it can shed light on the design and actual production process.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85260280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Chitosan-Co-Lactic Acid Nanoparticles and their Potential as a Carrier of Anticancer Drug","authors":"A. Tiwari","doi":"10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/ajop.2020.04.555631","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to design some medicinally important biopolymer based Nano carriers. The study undertakes synthesis, characterization of Chitosan-co-lactic acid nanoparticles and optimization of swelling ratio. The Chitosan-co-lactic acid nanoparticles were prepared by the shaking of lactic acid emulsion in Chitosan solution by emulsion crosslinking method and characterised by transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis (size), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) (structural) and SEM (morphology). The particles were dispersed in a phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and the swelling response of these nanoparticles was studied as a function of chemical composition, pH and temperature of swelling medium. To determine the encapsulation efficiency, a centrifugation method was applied. Also, the assessment of biocompatibility has been made on the basis of two in-vitro test which are BSA adsorption test and haemolysis assay. Our result revealed that equilibrium swelling was influenced by the composition of nanoparticles and the swelling medium. These observations and assessment indicate that these nanoparticles have good capability for use in drug delivery and suitable for biomedical application.","PeriodicalId":6991,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81564067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}