南水北调与水利科技最新文献

{"title":"Response of Water Cycle Processes in Sanjiang Plain to Human Activities and Climate Change in Recent 50 Years","authors":"Chen Zhi-ke","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01068","url":null,"abstract":"Impacts of human activities on water cycle process in Sanjiang plain mainly include:①large-scale hydro-junction project dramatically weakened the flood processes of Heilongjiang,Wusuli and Songhua Rivers flowing through Sanjiang plain sections,and reduced natural groundwater and surface water recharges opportunities and amount for Sanjiang plain;②construction of large number of drainage canals enhanced the hydrological gradient of regional drainage,and accelerated the generation and distribution processes of surface runoff;③conversion from glebe into paddy field enhanced the utilization efficiency of effective precipitation,reduced the regional surface runoff depth,and enlarged the regional evapotranspiration;④area enlargement of well-irrigated rice field drives large-scale groundwater exploitation,which leads to the imbalance of exploitation and recharge of groundwater,the continuous decline of the groundwater table,and the reduction of groundwater storage volume;⑤deforestation in the headstream region,which causes the reduction of the proportion of snowfall converting into surface runoff and the decline of water conservation capabilities of forest soil.The resulting influences human activities have on water cycle processes in Sanjiang plain are that water input is decreasing and water output is increasing.Major impacts from climate change on water cycle process mainly include:①total area precipitation shows a declining trend,but not obvious;②regional temperature and potential evaporation are rising;③the rise of land temperature is the most obvious,the permafrost layer is becoming thinner,duration of permafrost fusion is shortened by 55 to 62 days,and the soil moisture of permafrost layer is apparently lower than that 50 years ago.Cultivated soil water moisture visibly declines.These changes will not benefit the surface runoff generation and precipitation infiltration to recharge groundwater,Based on the water cycle processes analysis,it is concluded that Sanjiang plain is getting drought.Therefore,strengthening the development and application of agricultural conservation tillage measures,as well as speeding up the restoration of degraded wetland water resources,enhancing the regional water storage capacity and water saving level in agricultural aspect will be important directions to ensure Sanjiang plain water security.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69886051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Multi-objective Immune Genetic Algorithm in the Operation of Cascade Reservoirs","authors":"Wang Shi-wu","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01064","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the application effect of genetic algorithm in multi-objective optimization operation of cascade reservoirs,a new algorithm is developed by introducing the immune mechanism in standard genetic algorithm.Meanwhile,this multi-objective immune genetic algorithm was employed in the optimization operation of Zhougongzhai-Jiaokou cascade reservoirs.The results showed that the multi-objective immune genetic algorithm could overcome the disadvantages of standard genetic algorithm,such as low convergence speed,easily trapping into the local extremum and premature.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69886015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and Practice on the In-Situ Calibration System for Flowrate of Pump-Test-Rig","authors":"Li Cheng, Xiaohong Che, C. Luo, Bipeng Yan","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2011-62032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2011-62032","url":null,"abstract":"In order to assure the accuracy of pump test rig and stability of measurement, it would be equipped with flow meter of high precision and calibration system. A volume-weight method for in-situ calibration is brought out to achieve bidirectional calibration. The two way calibration can be done on the pump test rig. According to the design objective, the pump, weight tank, pool, commutator and standard measuring cylinder were calculated and selected. Based on measurement uncertainty method, the system uncertainty consisted of uncertainty of standard measuring cylinder, calculagraph, commutator and calibration sensor of volume method. The calculation formulas of these uncertainties are presented. The total expanded uncertainty of system is 0.136% and the stability of flowrate is 0.0212%. Results from calculation and pressure pulse experiment indicate that the combination of the convert-frequency facility with invariableness’ pool can maintain the pressure stability of test. The volume-weight calibration method, which combined with the weight method and volume method, can assure the accuracy and also reduce the expensive. It could be applied in similar test rigs.Copyright © 2011 by ASME","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63514685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Scale Distributed Hydrological Model of Inter-basin Water Transfer and its Application","authors":"Wang Zhong-gen","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01001","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed water cycle simulation research under environment change is a important problem of earth system science.It is also the application foundation of regional water security and water resources risk management.This paper studied regional water cycle simulation,environment change and water security at Han River,Yellow River and Hai River which are linked with South-to-North Water Diversion Project..We focused on the research and prospects for the large-scale inter-basin water transfer distributed hydrological model(LDTVGM).There are two research purposes.Fisrt,to explore how to develop the large-scale inter-basin water transfer distributed hydrological model under changing environment.Second,to develop the theory and impact assessment methods about regional water cycle dynamics-nonlinear systems-multiple sources of uncertainty analysis.This study can provide a scientific basis for regional water resources security and risk management of countermeasures under climate change and high intensity of human activities and.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69884523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TBM Cutting Tools Maintenance Technology for the Yellow River Crossing Project in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project","authors":"Wang Lan","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01021","url":null,"abstract":"The geological conditions of the Yellow River Crossing Project in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project are complicated,for the crossing tunnel strata consists of total sandy layer,total earth layer,upper sand and lower earth layers mixed.In the design of cutter head for shielding machine,soft soil cutting tool and heavy-load cutter head force-transmitting frame were applied to protect the cutting tools.However,during the TBM construction,the facts of abnormal excavating parameters and mucking containing metalwork demonstrated that the TBM cutting tools were severely wearing.By chamber-entering check under pressure,we found out problems and replaced some damaged cutting tools.After the foundation reinforcement,we made a thorough rehabilitation on the cutters needed to be repaired by the scheme of chamber-entering under normal pressure.This maintenance experience can provide an important guide for smooth progress of the Yellow River Crossing project,and a reference for similar projects.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69885133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Survey Datum Construction for the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project","authors":"Ding Tao","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01026","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a detailed examination on existing survey system in the project area and aimed at the characteristics of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,a survey datum with multiple levels,,high precision and large range was constructed to meet the project construction requirements.It mainly consists of B-level GPS mainstay networks,C-level GPS networks,second order leveling network for channel route,and construction control network for buildings.It found a way out of incompatibility in time and space between network pointsand provided useful experiences for other similar long-distance projects in terms of survey datum construction method,control grade,technical specifications and data processing.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69885252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the available Water Resources and Carrying Capacity in Fuxian","authors":"Song Bao-de","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01084","url":null,"abstract":"As a direct carrier of population and economy and the basis for evaluation of water resources carrying capacity,available water resources is more practically significant than the total water resources to some extent in one area.This paper briefly describes evaluation methods of available water resources,and calculates the amount of available water resources in Fuxian using deduction method,and finally evaluates the water resources carrying capacity by carrying index.The Analysis shows that:the amount of available water resources in Fuxian is 49,942,200 m3;water resource availability is 45.42%;it tends to be low overall.The water resource exploitation and utilization in the area have characteristics of high degree and small potential.From the view of population,the status of water resources carrying capacity is good and water resources are in excess.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69886042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underground Water Bank Operation Experience of Central Arizona Project and Its Inspiration to the Water Transfer Projects in China","authors":"Hou Feng","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01156","url":null,"abstract":"The Central Arizona project(CAP) with its thirty years of operation experience has been a worldwide model for large scale water transfer projects.CAP has a history of over ten years to use underground water bank as a storage reservoir,and exchange water right with the upstream Nevada State.They have rich experience on engineering,techniques,operation and environment protection.The efficiency of underground water recharge was over 99%,and the underground water level kept rising after the recharge,which were good examples for our South-to-North Water Diversion Project.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69887533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sunken Green Space on Urban Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization","authors":"Wang Dong-mei","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01160","url":null,"abstract":"Now many countries and regions are lack of freshwater due to its uneven distribution on the earth.Urban's water consumption is huge.Particularly,accelerated urbanization causes rainwater loss and groundwater level drop,which further exacerbates water exhaustion.Rainwater,as a rare available water resource,has been utilized by green space in many countries including China.Sunken green space is a kind of rainwater harvesting and utilization measures with functions of landscaping,flood peak reduction and rainwater purification.Sunken green space is more powerful than flat or raised green space in terms of rainwater harvesting and utilization.Based on the analysis of rainwater collection as an effective way to solve water shortage problem,this study focuses on an overview of the progress of sunken green space in China.Moreover,issues in previous studies were discussed,and suggestions for future research were proposed.This study might provide a scientific basis for solving the problem of urban water shortage,promoting urban water recycling and optimizing ecological service of urban landscape.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69887547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Salt Heaving for Coarse-Grained Sulphate Saline Soil","authors":"D. Xiao","doi":"10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1201.2011.01040","url":null,"abstract":"In order to further study the main influence factors on the salt heaving of sulphate saline soil,the natural saline soil as subgrade filler from the sixth contract section of Kuitun-Karamay freeway was chosen to take the salt heaving laboratory tests under freezing and thawing cycles.The results show that the influences of moisture content and temperature on the salt heaving deformation of sulphate saline soil are significant.The freezing and thawing cycles tests in laboratory were employed for coarse-grained sulphate saline soil and its salt heaving property was analyzed under freezing and thawing cycles,which provide the practical experience and theoretical basis for studying the coarse-grained sulphate saline soil as subgrade filler in the future.","PeriodicalId":69826,"journal":{"name":"南水北调与水利科技","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69885695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}