物理化学学报最新文献

{"title":"Designing thermodynamically stable noble metal single-atom photocatalysts for highly efficient non-oxidative conversion of ethanol into high-purity hydrogen and value-added acetaldehyde","authors":"Yuchen Zhou ,&nbsp;Huanmin Liu ,&nbsp;Hongxing Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Song ,&nbsp;Yonghua Tang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intrinsic surface atomic configuration of photocatalyst without unstable or difficult-to-generate atomic vacancies often limits the formation of effective interaction between metal single atom (MSA) cocatalyst and photocatalyst, thus inhibiting the stability and performance improvement of single-atom photocatalysts. In this study, we present a convenient and cost-effective photochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mechanism to prepare thermodynamically stable noble metal single-atom cocatalysts on TiO₂ photocatalyst under mild condition (only consuming water and oxygen at 101,325 ​Pa and 25 ​°C). The first-principles simulation firstly theoretically reveals that the intrinsic surface configuration of TiO₂ can only produce unstable Pt–O₂ structure. However, ORR occurring on TiO₂ can not only provide one foreign oxygen to coordinate with Pt single atom (PtSA), but also induce one surface lattice oxygen to move toward PtSA, promoting the formation of one thermodynamically stable Pt–O₄ species, demonstrated by the experimental synthesis of PtSA on TiO₂ in oxygen atmosphere instead of inert atmosphere. The obtained stable PtSA-TiO₂ photocatalysts exhibit a photocatalytic rate of 320.4 ​mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ for the coproduction of high-purity hydrogen and value-added acetaldehyde with a selectivity of 99.65%, three-fold higher than the activity of Pt nanoparticles-loaded TiO₂. This strategy is further extended to other noble metals, such as Rh and Pd.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 6","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy investigation on ultrafast electron transfer in S-scheme ZnO/CdIn2S4 photocatalyst for H2O2 production and benzylamine oxidation","authors":"Yi Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhou ,&nbsp;Miaoli Gu ,&nbsp;Bei Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhen Wu ,&nbsp;Jianjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production is a crucial process for clean energy conversion, involving the reduction of O₂ through two electrons. However, this process is often hampered by the sluggish water oxidation involving the photogenerated holes. To address this challenge, we have constructed a dual-functional S-scheme ZnO/CdIn₂S₄ heterojunction systerm coupling the H₂O₂ generation with a value-added benzylamine (BA) oxidation reaction. In this dual-functional photocatalytic system, photogenerated electrons in CdIn₂S₄ efficiently reduce O₂ to produce H₂O₂, while photogenerated holes in ZnO selectively oxidize BA to N-benzylidenebenzylamine. Leveraging the advantages of the S-scheme heterojunction, the optimized ZnO/CdIn₂S₄ photocatalyst displays an enhanced H₂O₂ production rate (386 ​μmol·L⁻¹·h⁻¹) and BA oxidation fraction (81 ​%) than pure ZnO or CdIn₂S₄. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy confirm the ultrafast S-scheme electron transfer from the ZnO conduction band (CB) to the CdIn₂S₄ valence band (VB) upon photoexcitation of the ZnO/CdIn₂S₄ composite. Besides, timely depletion of VB holes in ZnO and CB electrons in CdIn₂S₄ can accelerate the interfacial electron transfer in the ZnO/CdIn₂S₄ S-scheme heterojunction. The innovative design of the ZnO/CdIn₂S₄ S-scheme photocatalyst provides new insights for developing efficient dual-functional heterojunction photocatalytic systems and introduces a novel method for studying S-scheme heterojunctions using fs-TA spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 6","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient interfacial charge transfer of CeO2/Bi19Br3S27 S-scheme heterojunction for boosted photocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Peng Li ,&nbsp;Yuanying Cui ,&nbsp;Zhongliao Wang ,&nbsp;Graham Dawson ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Shao ,&nbsp;Kai Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers to significantly enhance the redox capability of photocatalysts remains a major challenge in the field of photocatalysis. To address this issue, this study successfully synthesized a CeO₂/Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ S-scheme heterojunction catalyst using a hydrothermal method, aiming to enhance the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst. The synthesis of the CeO₂/Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ composite not only improved the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers but also endowed the catalyst with stronger redox capabilities and greater driving force, significantly boosting its photocatalytic performance. Experimental results showed that the CO production rate of the CeO₂/Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ composite catalyst reached 13.5 ​μmol ​g⁻¹ ​h⁻¹, which is 5.19 times higher than that of the pure Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ catalyst and 2.81 times higher than that of the pure CeO₂ catalyst. This significant enhancement indicates that the CeO₂/Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ composite catalyst exhibited stronger catalytic performance in CO generation reactions. Furthermore, CeO₂/Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ catalyst achieved a CH₄ production rate of 4.3 ​μmol ​g⁻¹ ​h⁻¹, which is 3.1 times higher than that of the CeO₂ catalyst and 2.7 times higher than that of the Bi19Br3S27 catalyst, further confirming its superior performance in CH₄ generation reactions. These results demonstrate that the CeO₂/Bi₁₉Br₃S₂₇ composite catalyst not only shows significant improvements in CO and CH₄ production rates but also exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance, highlighting its potential application in the field of photocatalysis. This study provides new insights into improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and offers valuable references for the future development of highly efficient photocatalytic materials. By constructing the S-scheme heterojunction structure, the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers can be effectively suppressed, thereby enhancing the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions and providing a new solution for sustainable energy utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 6","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchical MoS2/Ti3C2Tx heterostructure with excellent photothermal conversion performance for solar-driven vapor generation","authors":"Kun Rong ,&nbsp;Cuilian Wen ,&nbsp;Jiansen Wen ,&nbsp;Xiong Li ,&nbsp;Qiugang Liao ,&nbsp;Siqing Yan ,&nbsp;Chao Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Baisheng Sa ,&nbsp;Zhimei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actphy.2025.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic 1T Molybdenum disulfide (1T-MoS₂) exhibits enhanced full spectral light absorption and prominent electrical conductivity, making it ideal for photothermal applications in conjunction with Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> MXene. Despite the challenges in increasing the 1T-MoS₂ proportion within MoS₂/Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> heterostructures and the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms governing their formation and properties, herein, a combined theoretical and experimental framework has been established, suggesting that the metallic characteristics of Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> and 1T-MoS₂ could significantly improve photothermal performance through strong interlayer interactions and efficient electron transport. The hierarchical MoS₂/Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> heterostructure has been fabricated through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method with enhanced 1T-MoS₂ proportion, which achieves multilayered wrinkled architecture resulting from the in-situ growth of MoS₂ on Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> nanosheets. Notably, a remarkable peak photoheating temperature of 107 ​°C under an 808 ​nm laser with an intensity of 0.5 ​W·cm⁻² is realized, demonstrating its exceptional photothermal conversion capability. By incorporated into a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, the MoS₂/Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> heterostructure functions as an efficient self-floating solar-driven steam generator, reaching an evaporation rate of 1.79 ​kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ and an evaporation efficiency of 96.4% under one solar irradiance. This study proposes a versatile strategy for the MoS₂/Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> heterostructure, offering the potential for sustainable solar-driven vapor generation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 6","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of functional nanomaterials for screen-printed photoelectrochemical biosensors","authors":"Meiqing Yang ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Haozi Lu ,&nbsp;Yaocheng Yang ,&nbsp;Song Liu","doi":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310046","DOIUrl":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors have attracted intensive attention due to their advantages, including low background, high sensitivity, high specificity and rapid response. In recent years, the introduction of disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPE) has greatly facilitated the development of PEC biosensors, making screen-printed PEC biosensors a promising analytical tool for various applications. Photoactive nanomaterials play a crucial role in the construction of screen-printed PEC biosensors as they can be used not only as photoelectric conversion platforms but also as loading platforms for recognition elements. However, pure photoactive materials usually suffer from some drawbacks, such as inherent toxicity, wide bandgap, and high electron-hole pair recombination rate. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the photoelectric properties of these materials through various design strategies. Moreover, to obtain highly sensitive screen-printed PEC biosensors, it is usually necessary to combine the high-performance photoelectrodes with various signal amplification strategies. In view of this, we provide the first systematic summary of photoactive materials for screen-printed PEC biosensors in this paper, classifying them into four main categories: metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbon nanomaterials and bismuth-based nanomaterials. Meanwhile, we focus on the design strategies for photoactive materials, including morphology modulation, elemental doping, and heterostructure construction. In addition, we introduce signal amplification strategies, such as the enzyme label amplification (ELA) strategy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy, and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) strategy, through representative screen-printed PEC immunosensors and screen-printed PEC aptasensors. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and prospects of screen-printed PEC biosensors. We hope to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the recent advances in screen-printed PEC biosensors and provide a feasible guidance for the future development of this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 2","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise reduction of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using lightweight deep neural network","authors":"Haolin Zhan ,&nbsp;Qiyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Shi ,&nbsp;Xinyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuqing Huang ,&nbsp;Zhong Chen","doi":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310045","DOIUrl":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy serves as a robust non-invasive characterization technique for probing molecular structure and providing quantitative analysis, however, further NMR applications are generally confined by the low sensitivity performance, especially for heteronuclear experiments. Herein, we present a lightweight deep learning protocol for high-quality, reliable, and very fast noise reduction of NMR spectroscopy. Along with the lightweight network advantages and fast computational efficiency, this deep learning (DL) protocol effectively reduces noises and spurious signals, and recovers desired weak peaks almost entirely drown in severe noise, thus implementing considerable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement. Additionally, it enables the satisfactory spectral denoising in the frequency domain and allows one to distinguish real signals and noise artifacts using solely physics-driven synthetic NMR data learning. Besides, the trained lightweight network model is general for one-dimensional and multi-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and can be exploited on diverse chemical samples. As a result, the deep learning method presented in this study holds potential applications in the fields of chemistry, biology, materials, life sciences, and among others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 2","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning enables the prediction of amide bond synthesis based on small datasets","authors":"Xinghai Li ,&nbsp;Zhisen Wu ,&nbsp;Lijing Zhang,&nbsp;Shengyang Tao","doi":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309041","DOIUrl":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning (ML) is progressively revealing notable advantages in chemical synthesis. However, the limited output of experimental data from traditional methods poses a bottleneck, impeding the widespread adoption of machine learning. Data from literature often leads to overly optimistic predictions, and obtaining thousands of experimental data points through experiments remains a substantial challenge. Using a small dataset of experimental data, we illustrated that machine learning algorithms can reliably predict the conversion rate of amide bond synthesis. We gathered hundreds of experimental data points for 9 aromatic amines and 12 organic acids using various coupling reagents and solvents in a 96-well plate high-throughput experimental setup. Subsequently, we derived 76 feature molecular descriptors from quantum chemical calculations and utilized them as inputs for training the machine learning model. Despite the inherent limitation of low data volume, the random forest algorithm demonstrated outstanding predictive performance (<em>R</em>² ​&gt; ​0.95). Through comprehensive analysis of the reaction process employing importance analysis, shapley additive explanations (SHAP), and accumulated local effects (ALE) methods, we delved into the important factors influencing the reaction conversion rate. In predicting the conversion rate of unknown aromatic amine molecules, we discovered that incorporating a small amount of unknown molecule-related reaction data into the training set effectively enhances the model's predictive performance, even with a small dataset. By comparing models trained on different molecular descriptors such as density functional theory (DFT) and one-hot encoding, we validated the efficacy of adjusting the training set to improve prediction results. This study utilized a multitude of chemically meaningful feature descriptors and achieved more effective prediction results through multidimensional data analysis, offering valuable insights for machine learning-assisted chemical synthesis research in small datasets. In the near future, machine learning is poised to drive the intelligent development of organic chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 2","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on cathode electrolyte interphase in high-voltage lithium batteries","authors":"Jiandong Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijia Zhang ,&nbsp;Mikhail Kamenskii ,&nbsp;Filipp Volkov ,&nbsp;Svetlana Eliseeva ,&nbsp;Jianmin Ma","doi":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308048","DOIUrl":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202308048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high energy density batteries is currently a key focus in the field of energy storage. Lithium batteries, due to their high energy density, have garnered significant attention in research. Increasing the upper limit of the battery's cut-off voltage can boost the energy density of lithium batteries. However, high-voltage conditions can lead to irreversible phase transitions and side reactions in cathode materials, which can degrade battery performance and even result in safety risks, including explosions. The electrolyte can also decompose, causing capacity loss and releasing flammable gases when subjected to high voltage, which can lead to battery swelling and potential combustion and explosions. Designing an ideal cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the cathode's surface to regulate the electrode-electrolyte interface reaction can effectively enhance the cycling stability of the battery, reduce irreversible phase transitions in the cathode, and improve the oxidation stability of the electrolyte. The ideal CEI should possess high ion conductivity, high thermal stability, and should minimize interface side reactions to ensure optimal battery performance. Understanding the formation and development of CEI is crucial for enhancing battery performance under high voltage. Apart from creating artificial CEI, modifying electrolytes has gained significant attention. By altering the electrolyte recipe, an ideal CEI can be achieved. Electrolyte engineering is considered an effective strategy for attaining an ideal CEI and enhancing the stability of high nickel positive electrodes. This approach is simple, cost-effective, and holds great promise for achieving higher energy density in lithium batteries. To provide a better understanding of CEI in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), this article reviews the latest advancements in CEI, including the formation mechanism of CEI, the key factors influencing CEI, methods for modifying CEI, and techniques for characterizing CEI. Additionally, it summarizes the current status of artificial CEI development and <em>in situ</em> CEI generation through electrolyte design. The aim is to offer fundamental guidance for future research and the design of high-voltage battery CEI. Finally, the article outlines the opportunities and challenges in electrolyte engineering for modified CEI, pointing towards the future direction of constructing an ideal CEI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 2","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C–SnO2/MWCNTs composite with stable conductive network for lithium-based semi-solid flow batteries","authors":"Bowen Yang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Benjian Xin ,&nbsp;Lili Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Niu","doi":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310024","DOIUrl":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202310024","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Lithium-based semi-solid flow batteries (LSSFBs) could potentially be applied in large-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety and relatively independent equipment units. However, the electrochemical performance of LSSFBs is limited by the unstable contact between conductive additives and active materials, as well as the poor conductivity of active materials. Therefore, it is necessary to develop semi-solid electrodes with high stability and specific capacity to obtain LSSFBs with satisfied energy density. Herein, carbon-coated SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (C–SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/MWCNTs) composite was designed as the anode material of LSSFBs. In such composite, SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of MWCNTs and coated with carbon layer, which was identified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. In general, the traditional SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as active material in electrodes will suffer from volume expansion and collapse of structure, which will decline the cycle life of batteries. In this composite, the nanoparticle structure endows SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with more reaction active sites. Furthermore, MWCNTs and carbon layer can construct a stable conductive network, which enhances the electron transport in SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-based electrodes. Simultaneously, MWCNTs and carbon layer also achieve an integrated architecture. Thus, the electron transfer dynamics of SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-based electrodes could be improved and their volume expansion is effectively suppressed during charging/discharging process, resulting in improved rate and cycling performance. The coin-type batteries based on C–SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/MWCNTs can maintain a discharge capacity of 725 ​mAh ​g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; after 100 cycles under a current density of 0.5 ​A ​g&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. On the contrary, the discharge capacity of the batteries based on bulk SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; almost disappears after 100 cycles, which is attributed to the poor conductivity and excessive volume expansion of electrode materials. In addition, the MWCNTs will enhance the suspension stability of the semi-solid electrode. When the mass fraction of the C–SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/MWCNTs in the semi-solid electrode is 8.0 ​%, the semi-solid electrode has superior suspension and electron conductivity, as well as suitable viscosity. Furthermore, the lithium storage mechanism of the semi-solid electrode was explored by &lt;em&gt;ex situ&lt;/em&gt; XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that, in C–SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/MWCNTs composite, SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; has a dual Li ​&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ​ions storage mechanism involving conversion and alloying reactions. When the flow rate is controlled with 5 ​mL ​min&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, the conduction network reaches a dynamic balance, and the semi-solid electrode exhibits low charge transfer resistance. These advantages endow the LSSFBs with superior rate and cycling performance. Th","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 2","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering multiple optimization strategy on bismuth oxyhalide photoactive materials for efficient photoelectrochemical applications","authors":"Pengcheng Yan,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Jing Huang,&nbsp;Zhao Mo,&nbsp;Li Xu,&nbsp;Yun Chen,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Zhichong Qi,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Henan Li","doi":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309047","DOIUrl":"10.3866/PKU.WHXB202309047","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The photoelectrochemical (PEC) technique, as a simple solar energy conversion device, is one of the most promising solutions for addressing both environmental and energy challenges. PEC technique mainly involves the photoconversion process of photoactive materials through carrier excitation and charge transfer under light irradiation, and the active material plays a central role in the entire system. The design and synthesis of highly PEC active materials is crucial for achieving efficient PEC performance. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of photoactive materials mainly depends on broad range of light absorption response and rapid separation/transfer rate of photogenerated carriers. Common photosensitive semiconductors can be used as photoelectric active materials, including metal oxides, metal sulfides, organic small molecules and organic polymers. However, achieving a high photoelectric conversion efficiency is challenging due to the inherent limitations of using a single semiconductor material. Exploring functional composites with specific structural compositions can overcome the performance deficiencies of individual semiconductor materials. In addition, the ultraviolet region of the solar spectrum accounts for only about 5 ​%, while visible light accounts for approximately 45 ​%. The development of PEC active materials that can be driven by visible light, such as silver, bismuth, and organic polymer materials, is crucial for the commercial application of PEC technique. Due to the characteristics of bismuth oxyhalide BiOX (X ​= ​Cl, Br, I)-based materials, such as an adjustable band gap, a unique layered structure, non-toxicity, a wide light absorption range and outstanding light stability, the PEC technique based on BiOX (X ​= ​Cl, Br, I) has become a popular research topic. In this paper, the physicochemical properties of BiOX (X ​= ​Cl, Br, I)-based materials are reviewed. The methods used to modify BiOX (X ​= ​Cl, Br, I)-based materials from the perspectives of surface and interface are discussed. These modifications aim to improve the utilization rate of sunlight and inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Additionally, the research progress in microstructure modulation, surface vacancy, functional group modification, metal loading, heteroatom doping and heterojunction construction is emphasized. Through various design strategies, the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers in BiOX (X ​= ​Cl, Br, I) can be effectively enhanced, thereby improving its performance in PEC applications. The significant contributions of modified BiOX (X ​= ​Cl, Br, I) to various applications, including PEC sensing, PEC water splitting, photoelectrocatalytic degradation, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; reduction, nitrogen fixation and photocatalytic fuel cells are described. Finally, the challenges in the aforementioned applications of BiOX (X ​= ​Cl, Br, I) materials are discussed, and the future research and practical applica","PeriodicalId":6964,"journal":{"name":"物理化学学报","volume":"41 2","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}