Meccanica最新文献

{"title":"Mechanics-Guided Machine Learning for Predicting Penetration and Energy Dissipation in Terminal Ballistics","authors":"Yi Zhang,&nbsp;James Ross,&nbsp;Brianna Thompson,&nbsp;Jesse Sherburn,&nbsp;Ashley Abraham,&nbsp;Lisa Kubiak","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02124-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02124-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Terminal ballistics and penetration mechanics are inherently intricate domains, governed by complex, nonlinear interactions between projectile characteristics, target properties, and impact conditions. Although analytical and numerical methods provide valuable insights, they are often constrained by prohibitive computational expense. In contrast, machine learning models present a computationally efficient alternative to these traditional methodologies. Nevertheless, the practical application of many existing models is hampered by their limited generalizability across a wide range of target materials and thicknesses. To overcome these limitations, this study develops a mechanics-guided machine learning framework that augments classical models and enables the efficient evaluation of ballistic performance under varied target conditions. This framework adopts a bifurcated strategy. First, an XGBoost-based classification model delineates perforation outcomes with 97.95% accuracy. Second, regression models estimate Kinetic Energy Reduction (KER) using two distinct datasets: the complete dataset (<b>ALL-dataset</b>), which includes both perforation and non-perforation cases, and a subset containing only perforation cases (<b>PER-dataset</b>). Models trained on <b>ALL-dataset</b> (<b>ALL-models</b>) demonstrate superior predictive fidelity for lower KER values, while models trained exclusively on the <b>PER-dataset</b> (<b>PER-models</b>) yield greater accuracy for higher KER values. A feature importance analysis identifies target thickness and projectile material as the dominant mechanical factors, an observation that aligns with foundational principles of penetration mechanics. These results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves high predictive fidelity across the diverse range of material and thickness combinations studied, yielding robust models for the rapid evaluation of new impact scenarios within this domain. This study thus presents a robust and interpretable framework that forges a critical link between data-driven machine learning and the classical mechanical understanding of terminal ballistics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-mechanical creep with a theta projection model under steep thermal gradients: a scaled pilot steel ladle validation","authors":"Pratik N. Gajjar,&nbsp;Thaís R. L. Soares,&nbsp;João M. Pereira,&nbsp;Miguel Azenha,&nbsp;Paulo B. Lourenço","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02131-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02131-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-temperature creep strongly influences the thermo-mechanical response of dry-jointed refractory linings in steel ladles. We develop a 3D joint-explicit meso-model of a scaled pilot ladle, coupling transient heat transfer with quasi-static mechanics and temperature-dependent properties. Creep of the working lining is implemented through a theta-projection formulation in a user subroutine and benchmarked against a Norton–Bailey power law. The model is validated using a dedicated pilot experiment, including thermocouple temperatures, circumferential shell strains (strain gauges and DIC), and shell uplift. Simulations reproduce the furnace cycle and show that viscoplastic deformation localises in the working lining, while the safety and insulation layers remain essentially elastic. Relative to Norton–Bailey, theta-projection provides smoother stress-relaxation at the hot face, better tracks the measured shell-strain evolution, and significantly reduces mesh sensitivity under steep thermal gradients, improving predictions of joint opening/closure and residual shell stresses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11012-026-02131-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic prediction of the failure of an oblique load of a shallow foundation on cohesionless soils with a Drucker Prager constitutive model","authors":"Ambrosios-Antonios Savvides","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02117-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02117-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates, in a quantitative probabilistic framework, the influence of soil parameter uncertainty on the failure load and displacement of a shallow footing subjected to oblique loading. A stochastic finite element formulation is implemented using the Drucker–Prager constitutive model to represent the nonlinear response of cohesionless soils. Uncertainty is introduced in the unload–reload compressibility parameter <span>(kappa )</span>, the critical state line slope <i>c</i>, and the hydraulic conductivity <i>k</i> governing Darcy flow. The spatial variability of the material properties is modeled through both random variables and random fields, while Monte Carlo simulations are accelerated using Latin Hypercube Sampling. The results demonstrate that the failure load and corresponding displacement follow approximately Gaussian probability density functions despite the strongly nonlinear mechanical response. Increasing load obliquity leads to a systematic increase in the mean failure load and displacement, while the dispersion of the stress field at failure remains relatively unaffected. The proposed framework enables reliable estimation of the probabilistic failure envelope of cohesionless soils under oblique loading, accounting simultaneously for nonlinear constitutive behavior, hydraulic coupling, and spatial variability. The methodology is general with respect to geometry and loading configuration and provides a consistent basis for reliability-informed assessment of shallow foundations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11012-026-02117-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147829363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buckling analyses of mechanical metamaterials characteristics","authors":"P. N. Lymperopoulos,&nbsp;E. E. Theotokoglou","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02122-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02122-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mechanical metamaterials are lattice structures that are analysed to be used in modern engineering applications. Pentamodes structures are designed to confront high compressive loads. Due to their wide field of applications, several different structures can be produced, and especially with variable height. Thus, the buckling behaviour of such structures should be analysed, to better understand their characteristics. In our computational analyses two types of pentamodes structures have been considered, with and without confinement plates. In addition, two pentamode beams thickness have been considered. By varying the height of the pentamodes, the results show a correlation between beam’s thickness and effective Young’s modulus. Also, for the first time it is shown that the height of pentamode structures is a significant factor to the results for the effective Young’s modulus. Finally, the first eigen buckling forces in linear buckling analyses are presented, which relate the eigen buckling forces to pentamodes’ height and beam’s thickness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11012-026-02122-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Dynamics test of underactuated manipulator based on combination inertial quasi-velocities and swing-up controller","authors":"Przemyslaw Herman","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02104-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02104-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11012-026-02104-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics and stability analysis of a novel automatic ball balancer","authors":"Chih-Ling Huang,&nbsp;Ming-Cheng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02115-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02115-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Angular installation deviations in automatic ball balancers (ABBs) inevitably induce angular and radial residual vibrations, which hinder complete vibration suppression of the system. A novel ABB configuration is proposed, consisting of a spherical annulus coupled with a freely deflectable orbit capable of rotation about its center in three-dimensional space, enabling the orbital plane of the balls to automatically coincide with the rotor plane and thereby achieving self-compensation for the orbital deviation angle. The governing and equilibrium equations are derived by describing the spatial postures and trajectories of the rotor system, and mechanical analysis is conducted to obtain analytical equilibrium solutions, whose accuracy is verified through numerical integration. The dynamic characteristics of the traditional ABB and the novel ABB are compared, and the changes in their stability regions are discussed under different parameter conditions. The novel ABB effectively compensates for the mounting deviation angle. Besides effectively reducing the amplitude of angular oscillations of the rotor during transient states, it is also capable of completely suppressing the residual angular and radial vibrations caused by the skew mounting of the ABB.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical analysis and optimization design of FCCZ type energy absorbing box for car","authors":"Guoliang Ma,&nbsp;Yuchuan Li,&nbsp;Shizhuo Xu,&nbsp;Daniil Yurchenko","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02121-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02121-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lattice structure materials exhibit excellent mechanical properties, particularly in terms of collision resistance and impact energy absorption. This study investigates a metal lattice structure applied to an energy-absorbing box (EAB) for performance enhancement. Initially, by comparing the mechanical properties of various lattice structures through experimental methods, the face-centered cubic structure reinforced along the Z-axis (FCCZ) is selected for its superior anti-collision performance. Using a multi-objective optimization approach, the unit cell configuration is optimized, resulting in a 23.6% increase in specific energy absorption (SEA). Subsequently, the optimized lattice structure is incorporated into the design of the EAB, and four structural improvement schemes are proposed. Based on the force conditions of the EAB, the lattice structure is designed utilizing a variable density design approach. Subsequently, the SEA of the EAB is further enhanced by 21.8%. Finally, the variable-density lattice EAB is applied to an automotive anti-collision beam. Simulation results demonstrate a reduction in weight, decreased compression deformation, and a 15.2% improvement in SEA. Thus, the proposed design method effectively optimizes anti-collision performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PCA-based fast frequency domain method for modal test with DIC","authors":"Kuanyong Zhou,&nbsp;Jiasheng Huang,&nbsp;Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Hanwen Song","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02118-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02118-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of DIC(Digital Image Correlation) technology has provided irreplaceable advantages for full-field vibration measurement, including the simplified setup, non-contact operation, and high spatial resolution. However, when used for modal analysis purposes, the substantial datasets of DIC expose inefficiencies for traditional modal analysis techniques that direct analyses of the complete data are almost impractical to perform. To address this issue, a novel two-step operational modal analysis method that simplifies the traditional frequency domain decomposition algorithm based on principal component analysis is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to efficiently extract frequency information, principal component analysis is applied to the raw DIC data to obtain virtual responses. Following this, the system’s order and natural frequency are determined through singular value decomposition of the power spectral density of the virtual responses at each frequency line. Subsequently, the power spectral density matrix of the full-field response is calculated near the natural frequency, and singular value decomposition is again utilized to identify the vibration mode shapes. With operational test of a cantilever beam, the feasibility and performance of the proposed method are evaluated and the first six orders of modal parameters of the beam are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A generalized computational model based on modal superposition for dynamic analysis of frame structures with active mass dampers","authors":"Riccardo Giacometti,&nbsp;Nicola Grillanda,&nbsp;Vincenzo Mallardo","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02108-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02108-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The vibration control in civil structures is a primary objective in modern engineering. Among the different vibration control systems, active mass dampers (AMDs) represent a highly effective solution due to their limited invasiveness, optimized use of masses, and thus suitability for both new and existing buildings. When vibrations are detected, an actuator moves the mass in order to generate a force on the structure that is proportional and opposite to the floor velocity: this allows to mitigate oscillations over a broad range of frequencies. Despite their potential, the current design approaches are mostly restricted to regular structures where the cantilever vibration mode is predominant. In this work, a computational framework for the linear dynamic analysis of structures equipped with AMDs is presented. A configuration of AMDs is modelled as a viscous damping having with both translational and rotation contributions and lumped at some floors, leading to non-classical damping conditions. A generalized modal superposition procedure which takes into account phase shift effects is adopted. This allows to evaluate the AMD-induced shear reduction for each vibration mode under a given dynamic action, providing significant insights on the AMD efficiency for superior vibration modes and contributing to their practical implementation in vibration control and seismic protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11012-026-02108-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed equilibrated curved beam finite element for no-tension arches","authors":"Francesca Nerilli,&nbsp;Daniela Addessi,&nbsp;Elio Sacco","doi":"10.1007/s11012-026-02116-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11012-026-02116-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a novel curved mixed hybrid finite element that has been specifically developed for modeling and analyzing masonry arches with arbitrary geometries. Based on a two-field Hellinger-Reissner variational formulation, the stress is treated as independent interpolation field. This addresses the key limitations of classical displacement-based formulations, such as locking and poor stress prediction, especially in curved configurations. The Masonry-like Elastic No-Tension constitutive model is adopted to capture the distinct mechanical properties of historical masonry, such as its negligible tensile strength. The performance of the suggested approach is validated through comprehensive numerical simulations of parabolic, elliptical and pointed arches. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate its robustness and accuracy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the element in representing complex geometries and failure mechanisms, while delivering computational efficiency, establishing it as a valuable tool for analyzing historical masonry arches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":695,"journal":{"name":"Meccanica","volume":"61 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147737336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}