Accident; analysis and prevention最新文献

{"title":"Safety performance analysis of toll plaza diverging area based on an improved simulation platform for weak-constraint driving behaviors","authors":"Yi Fei ,&nbsp;Kejun Long ,&nbsp;Lu Xing ,&nbsp;Xin Pei ,&nbsp;Xi Li ,&nbsp;Lan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toll plaza diverging area is a typical non-lane-based high-risk area characterized by frequent weaving and complex vehicle interactions. While observation-based approaches are effective for analyzing current safety conditions, they lack the flexibility in evaluating the safety impacts of infrastructure designs and traffic control strategies under future scenarios. To address this limitation, this study proposes a microsimulation-based approach to analyze the safety performance of toll plaza diverging areas by simulating the realistic conflict distributions under various traffic conditions. Based on the perception-decision-action (PDA) framework, the proposed approach improves the conflict simulation accuracy by more accurately modeling the weak-constraint driving behavior, including non-lane-based perception, dynamic toll lane selection, and car-following under weak-constraint conditions. Validated on real-world trajectory data from two distinct toll plaza diverging areas, the simulated conflict distributions by the PDA approach closely align with the observed data, while SUMO significantly underestimates the safety risks in diverging areas. Furthermore, a simulation platform is developed based on the PDA approach to quantitatively analyze the safety performance of toll plaza diverging areas under different diverging lengths and traffic volumes. Results indicate that insufficient diverging lengths increase severe conflicts, whereas excessively long diverging areas lead to inefficiencies without substantial safety benefits. This study provides novel insights into safety performance analysis in non-lane-based areas, offering a reliable simulation tool for optimizing management strategies in complex weaving scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108177"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic decision-making in subway stations: A new model for stair/escalator choice and its impact on accident prevention","authors":"Huayan Shang ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Hai-Jun Huang ,&nbsp;Junzhu Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent escalator-related incidents in subway stations have prompted the authorities to promote the use of public stairs. In daily life, however, pedestrians instinctively prefer to take escalators rather than use stairs. How to better induce pedestrians to choose stairs? It is necessary to reveal the internal mechanism of pedestrian choice. In this paper, we propose a dynamic model of pedestrian flow assignment with hierarchical choices of various facilities in the station. The route choices of facilities are at the tactical level while the path choices of walking directions are at the operational level. A case study in Beijing is conducted to verify the model. It is shown that the lengths of escalators and stairs, escalator speed, and the pedestrian distribution have significant influences on pedestrians’ choice behavior. Long and fast escalators attract more pedestrians and lead to severe crowding at the entrance. Thus, escalator segmentation is suggested for safety. This study can help prevent accidents and manage crowds in busy subway stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematically modeling take-over performance: Considering the indirect effect of meteorological visibility mediated by drivers’ attention","authors":"Qingkun Li ,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Guofa Li ,&nbsp;Jibo He ,&nbsp;Liang Ma ,&nbsp;Bo Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drivers’ take-over performance in conditionally automated driving is simultaneously affected by multiple factors, making the involved causal relationships complex. Although existing studies have explored the mechanism, there is still a lack of models for comprehensively analyzing drivers’ take-over performance under diverse meteorological visibility and take-over time budget (TB) conditions. This study established a structural equation model to systematically investigate the complicated causal relationships among TB, meteorological visibility, drivers’ attention, and take-over performance. Based on a driving simulation experiment, we developed a measurement model of drivers’ attention and take-over performance via confirmatory factor analysis. We deconstructed take-over performance into three aspects: reaction time, control instability, and safety margin. Subsequently, we revealed the causal relationships among the above factors by using path analysis. Our results demonstrated the significant total effects of meteorological visibility on reaction time and safety margin, where the indirect effects are mediated by drivers’ attention. However, we found that meteorological visibility barely impacts the control instability aspect of take-over performance. Moreover, the direct effects of TB and drivers’ attention on take-over performance were substantial. This study reveals the complex mechanism of take-over performance under diverse conditions and provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the safety and user experience of conditionally automated vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous and differential treatment effect analysis of safety improvements on freeways using causal inference","authors":"Syed Zaier Zaidi ,&nbsp;Xuesong Wang ,&nbsp;Yesihati Azati ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Fan ,&nbsp;Mohammed Quddus","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating safety effectiveness of freeway design improvements is crucial for enhancing overall safety and confirming the efficacy of specific measures implemented. Limited research has addressed treatment heterogeneities that influence crash outcomes, and previous studies have often been susceptible to confounding biases, which may distort causal inference results. To mitigate confounding biases and establish reliable causal relationships between crashes and treatment interventions, this study employed a causal forest (CF) model to assess the safety efficacy of freeway exit improvements – including lane control, traffic signs, speed-limit signs, and crash attenuators – on freeways in Suzhou, China. We compared naïve and empirical Bayes before-after methods against the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) estimated by the CF approach. Geometric design and traffic operation characteristics were then considered in measuring the Heterogeneous Treatment Effects (HTE) of these improvements, with the aim of identifying road features where treatment benefits were most pronounced. Additionally, a Differential Treatment Effects (DTE) analysis within a causal framework was employed to estimate treatment effects on the residuals, uncovering more intricate and complex causal relationships. The study demonstrated that CF method provides more stable ATE estimates. An analysis of the distribution of the treatment effects revealed a diverse range of impacts, indicating both positive and negative outcomes. Significant variability in treatment effects was evident from heterogeneous testing results. Noteworthy outcomes from treating freeway exits were observed in areas with an Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) ranging from 12,000 to 28,000 vehicles per day, average speeds of 95 km/h and above, two or four lanes on each side, and an exit-only ramp configuration. These findings contribute to valuable technical insights for selecting and evaluating safety enhancement strategies on freeways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of secondary risks induced by defensive braking in autonomous vehicles: a study based on stochastic distribution of drivers","authors":"Tingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Yang ,&nbsp;Tianyuan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defensive braking measures in autonomous vehicles effectively enhance driving safety but also raise concerns about the secondary risks they may pose, particularly the potential for rear-end collisions caused by following vehicles. Indeed, being rear-ended by human driven vehicles is already the most common type of accident involving autonomous vehicles. However, the uncertainty in driver following behavior makes it challenging to assess this risk directly. In response, this paper characterizes the stochastic distribution of drivers to simulate and evaluate the impact of defensive braking behavior on the likelihood of rear-end collisions. First, based on Risk Homeostasis Theory and the central limit theorem, we propose the hypothesis that the risk tolerance levels (RTL) of driver populations follow a normal distribution. This hypothesis is validated using the Waymo dataset, leading to the development of a Stochastic Following Model (SFM) that effectively represents the stochastic distribution of drivers. Subsequently, a comparison with the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) reveals that the SFM not only accurately reflects the stochastic distribution of drivers in mixed traffic flow but also demonstrates its effectiveness in capturing the diversity of driving behaviors. Finally, through the design of simulation experiments across various scenarios using Monte Carlo methods, the results indicate that while brief defensive braking by autonomous vehicles does not significantly affect the collision probability of following vehicles compared to manually driven vehicles, continuous defensive braking behavior substantially increases the likelihood of being rear-ended. The proposed SFM captures the extensive diversity of drivers and the stochasticity of the following process, illustrating the uncertainties inherent in mixed traffic flow. This model may serve as a valuable reference for future studies on the safety characteristics of mixed traffic flows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable multi-variable transformer network for regional-level short-term bicycle crash risk prediction","authors":"Ling Deng,&nbsp;Chengcheng Xu,&nbsp;Pan Liu,&nbsp;Yuxuan Wang,&nbsp;Kequan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective short-term prediction of bicycle crashes at the urban regional level is critical for proactive infrastructure safety interventions and data-driven traffic management. However, three key challenges persist: (1) inadequate modeling of complex spatiotemporal dependencies in multi-source heterogeneous data; (2) poor handling of extreme class imbalance and lack of interpretability in deep learning-based short-term predictions; and (3) limited exploration of bicycle infrastructure’s role in regional crash risk assessment. In response to these challenges, we propose an Interpretable Multi-variable Transformer Network (IMTN) that employs four specialized Transformer encoder blocks to extract spatial and temporal dependencies from heterogeneous inputs. To mitigate the severe class imbalance, our approach uses a single, shared model to predict crash risk for one region at a time, rather than all regions simultaneously. This reformulation avoids data sparsity while retaining multi-region inputs, and a spatial weighting mechanism is used to preserve inter-regional dependencies. Meanwhile, an improved Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) framework is employed to enhance the interpretability of IMTN. We conduct our experiments on a four-year dataset from London, which includes crash records, public bicycle trips, time, weather, road networks, land use, and a rich set of 48 bicycle infrastructure features. The model comparison demonstrates that IMTN consistently outperforms competitive baselines, reducing false positive rate (FPR) by up to 9.08%, improving the area under the curve (AUC) by up to 3.49%, and increasing the G-mean by up to 5.39%. Our model achieves the best performance at the finest temporal resolution (1-hour aggregation), contrary to common expectations. This suggests that the proposed class imbalance handling method may enhance model performance in high-resolution settings. In addition, interpretability analysis identifies segregated cycle lanes, Sheffield stands, and colored path markings as high-impact infrastructure variables, providing data-driven insights that can help inform urban safety planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of autonomous vehicle buyer’s decisions: Balancing ethics with Innovation in the trolley dilemma","authors":"Youngjae Yoo ,&nbsp;Hun Kim ,&nbsp;Jiseob Park","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores complex decision-making processes in autonomous driving, focusing on the ethical challenges presented by the trolley dilemma and the regulatory focus theory. When faced with significant choices in autonomous driving scenarios, such as the trolley dilemma, passengers prefer to make their own decisions rather than rely on a system’s automated choices. This preference of having a choice significantly increases their trust in the technology and their willingness to purchase autonomous vehicles. No notable difference was found in the moral judgment between decisions made by participants and those made by the autonomous system. Moreover, this research highlights the influence of the regulatory focus theory, demonstrating that participants placed greater trust in the system and made safer decisions when presented with prevention-focused messages, emphasizing avoiding adverse outcomes rather than promotion-focused messages highlighting positive outcomes and aspirations. The findings suggest that the presentation of the information and decisions by autonomous vehicles can profoundly influence passengers’ ethical choices, affecting their trust in and acceptance of autonomous technology. This study contributes to the understanding of consumer behavior and ethical decision-making in the rapidly advancing domain of autonomous vehicle technology, offering valuable insight into policy-making and the future design of these systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the efficacy of pre-trained large language models in analyzing autonomous vehicle field test disengagements","authors":"Melika Ansarinejad ,&nbsp;Sherif M. Gaweesh ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the efficacy of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in analyzing disengagement reports of Levels 2–3 autonomous vehicle (AV) field tests, utilizing data provided from California Department of Motor Vehicles. Disengagement reports document instances where autonomous vehicles, tested under the Autonomous Vehicle Tester (AVT) and AVT Driverless Programs, transition from autonomous to manual control. These disengagements occur when human intervention is required due to incidents or limitations in the operational design domain that prevent AVs from functioning properly. Understanding factors leading to disengagements is pivotal for assessing AV performance and guiding infrastructure owners and operators (IOOs) about modifications needed. Manual approaches for analysis of the disengagement data are labor-intensive and prone to human error. Our research investigates the capability of LLMs to automate this analysis, focusing on identifying patterns, categorizing disengagement causes, and extracting meaningful insights from extensive datasets. GPT-4o as an LLM was employed to analyze the disengagement reports. The study aims to measure the accuracy, efficiency, and reliability of these models in comparison to traditional techniques. The application of LLMs demonstrated significant potential in identifying insights from the disengagement dataset, while effectively processing the textual data, achieving an accuracy of 87%. Several data limitations were encountered, including inconsistencies in disengagement descriptions from different manufacturers, which posed challenges to standardizing the analysis. Additionally, the disengagement reports offered limited details on the specific causes of disengagements and the surrounding conditions, restricting the depth of insights that could be drawn. Despite these challenges, our findings indicate that LLMs can substantially enhance the speed and precision of analyzing AV disengagement reports, offering valuable insights, while being cost-effective, that can inform further research and development in AV technology and safety protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108178"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety contributing factors analysis of older vulnerable road users: General and local perspectives","authors":"Xueyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Wang ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdel-Aty ,&nbsp;George Yannis ,&nbsp;Guangzhu Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing attention to older people’s traffic safety is necessary to understand the relationship between their traffic safety and contributing factors on a spatial scale. However, zero crashes exist at the analysis unit for some specific types of crashes, and few studies have considered the spatial heterogeneity between older people’s crash frequency and the influencing variables. To fill these gaps, this study developed an analytic approach to explore the effects of contributing factors for older vulnerable road users’ (VRUs) crashes, with particular attention to the integration of general and local analysis. Socio-economic, road network, public facility, traffic enforcement and older VRU crashes were collected in the grids. The gradient tree-boosted Tweedie compound Poisson models (TDboost) were employed to address zero-inflated crash data from the general aspect. Geographically weighted random forests (GWRF) models were employed to reveal the spatial heterogeneity from the local aspect. The results showed that population and healthcare played an important role in predicting older VRU crashes. Major influencing factors showed nonlinear effects on older VRU crashes. They had a positive correlation with both older pedestrian crashes and non-motorized vehicle (NMV) crashes. This study demonstrated that the TDboost excelled in dealing with zero-inflated crash data and the complex effects of safety contributing factors, compared with conventional statistical models (e.g., negative binomial model and zero-inflated negative binomial model) in both prediction accuracy and parameter interpretation. The local variable importance of major contributing factors for VRU crashes showed a spatial clustering tendency and a block distribution tendency. The findings provided important insights into reducing older VRU crashes. For example, the concentration areas for older people, including healthcare facilities, markets, and bus stops, could be targeted to make safety improvements. The analysis sheds light on the nonlinear effects and spatial heterogeneity of safety contributing factors on older VRU crashes, which are usually disregarded in the older traffic safety. The proposed approach emphasizes that the countermeasures for improvement should be formulated based on the spatial distribution of the variable importance, that is, “adapt to local conditions”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System reliability analysis of CRTS III track slab considering multiple failure modes","authors":"Wengao Liu ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Ren ,&nbsp;Shijie Deng ,&nbsp;Jiayu Liang ,&nbsp;Huan Xu ,&nbsp;Wenlong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aap.2025.108162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under train loads, temperature loads, and subgrade deformation, CRTS III track slabs may experience various failure modes such as longitudinal bending, transverse bending, steel yielding, and fatigue damage. To explore the system reliability of CRTS III track slabs under various failure modes, this study is based on analytical expressions and finite-element techniques. The load effects on track slabs were calculated, and the limit state functions corresponding to different failure modes of track slabs were analyzed. To perform series system analysis of various failure modes, and establish dimensionless limit state functions, eight different load combination forms are generated. Reliability considering individual failure modes and system reliability of track slabs are analyzed using the method of moments. Results show that combined load effects in the same direction are more likely to cause track slab failure. For instance, under the combined action of negative temperature gradient and subgrade settlement, the reliability of longitudinal bending is <em>β</em> = −0.2536, which is seriously unsatisfactory for meeting safety requirements. Conducting an independent analysis of individual failure modes would overestimate the reliability of track slabs, thus emphasizing the necessity of analyzing the system reliability of the track slabs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6926,"journal":{"name":"Accident; analysis and prevention","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 108162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}