Acta Diabetologica最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting the markers interleukin-6 and glucagon-like peptide-1 for targeting low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and our lab experience.","authors":"Jyoti Kiran Bara, Puneet Gandhi, Pramod Verma","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02398-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02398-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) manifests as pancreatic disorder as a consequence of low-grade systemic inflammation, attributed to upregulated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6). This in turn is associated with a reduced incretin effect with lower circulatory GLP-1 levels. Therefore, its important to monitor the circulating IL-6 and GLP-1 levels for better management and outcomes in T2DM patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Limited studies being available in literature on circulating concentrations of GLP-1 and IL-6 in T2DM patients, a meta-analysis was conducted by identifying 1558 studies from 3 databases. As per inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were screened for the 2-markers.Forest plots were drawn for standardized mean differences and median values were deduced from the datasets. In parallel, analysis was conducted to ascertain the expression levels of the markers by ELISA (n = 52 T2DM patients) in real time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis showed a significant (p < 0.01) standardized mean difference of 3.82 and 1.04 for IL-6 and GLP-1 respectively. The median values obtained from analysis for IL-6 were 26.50 pg/ml which were higher than the controls downregulated levels of GLP-1(8.77 pg/ml) were noted. The above findings are corroborated by the results of our experimental analysis with IL-6 concentrations at 11.603pg/ml and GLP-1 at 13.05pg/ml.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights that systemic concentrations of IL-6 and GLP-1 correspond to a persistent low-grade inflammation and decreased incretin effect in T2DM patients which manifest as pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The expression of the markers is inversely correlated and monitoring their levels is clinically important for targeting them through their potential antagonists thus reducing the risk of complications, thereby improving the quality of life of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert panel opinion on the optimal educational pathway for diabetes educators for training people with type 1 diabetes on the MiniMed™ 780G system: a Delphi consensus.","authors":"Geraldine Gallen, Alice Rosso, Núria Alonso-Carril, Sima Arbeli, Virginie Bahon, Vanessa Brown, Kerstin Endlich, Francesca Gulotta, Audrey Hansart, Amy Jolley, Rea Jussila, Anna Stefanowicz-Bielska, Paola Cardano","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02388-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00592-024-02388-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The MiniMed™ 780G system is an advanced insulin pump system incorporating an AHCL (Advanced Hybrid Close Loop) algorithm that automatically adjusts insulin delivery based on glucose levels. All guidelines recommend the use of Automated Insulin Delivery therapy for people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) and they highlight that a specifically trained and expert team should provide training on HCL systems for PWT1D, but none of the publications detail the curriculum profile that diabetes educators should have. This paper aims to establish a consensus on the optimal educational pathway for diabetes educators on the MiniMed™ 780G system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An Expert Panel (EP) of 11 key opinion educators in diabetes technology in the EMEA area was assembled. Using the Delphi method, a consensus questionnaire based on the literature research was created, discussed and validated by the EP members. An agreement level of ≥ 75% was considered a strong consensus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EP members had on average 16.3 years of clinical experience and followed at least 50 PWT1D using the MiniMed™ 780G system. All EP members agreed that a structured educational pathway to train diabetes educators in the use of the MiniMed™ 780G system is needed. 100% of the EP members agreed that the pathway should include a mentorship programme and in-field training; 90% agreed on using face-to-face training with the support of e-learning modules. The EP members believed that minimum competency standards for diabetes educators around the principles of diabetes care and education are needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The educational pathway created by the EP showed that skills are needed at an advanced level and that mentorship in developing these skills is critical. This pathway is vital for supporting the implementation of diabetes technology into everyday life and can remove barriers and increase access to PWT1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of a case of mild familial partial lipodystrophy in a carrier of a LMNA p.Arg582Leu variant","authors":"Anna Maria Barile,&nbsp;Cristiana Randazzo,&nbsp;Francesca Di Gaudio,&nbsp;Carola Buscemi,&nbsp;Giuseppina Brunacci,&nbsp;Silvio Buscemi","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02396-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00592-024-02396-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":"62 2","pages":"285 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00592-024-02396-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction and combined effect of triglyceride-glucose index and hypertension on type 2 diabetes individuals' peripheral arterial disease risk.","authors":"Caixia Gong, Chongyang Chen, Yangting Zhao, Yawen Wang, Kai Li, Xiaoyu Lv, Xinyuan Guo, Dengrong Ma, Xiaohui Zhai, Mei Han, Songbo Fu, Jingfang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02391-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02391-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The interaction and combined effect of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, an alternative parameter of insulin resistance, along with hypertension (HT), on the risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a specific type of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) seems straightforward. However, specific research on this topic remains scarce.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 2027 adult participants with T2D were devided into four groups based on the mean values of TyG index and various blood pressure parameters along with its category. Binary logistic regression, interaction analysis, combined effect size, and goodness-of-fit of the constructed models were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TyG index's individual effect and it's combined effect with HT, or higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) or higher mean arterial pressure in patients with T2D correlated with a higher PAD risk respectively (odds ratio [OR], 0.50, [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.28-0.89]; OR, 0.32, [95% CI 0.12-0.90]; OR, 0.35, [95% CI 0.13-0.94]; OR, 0.35, [95% CI 0.12-0.98], respectively). Only an interaction effect exists between the TyG index and SBP (multiplicative interaction{INT_M}: 1.02 [1.002, 1.038]). Combining them can significantly improve the accuracy of predicting PAD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve {AUC}_M_AX = 0.7, AUC_{Model3 + TyG index + SBP}-AUC_Model3 = 0.027). All P values were < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggested that TyG index and hypertension, as well as their combined and interaction effect were significantly correlated with the risk of PAD in T2D individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microvascular changes in eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy with or without macular microaneurysms: an OCT-angiography study.","authors":"Caterina Toma, Elena Cavallari, Paola Varano, Andrea Servillo, Valentina Gatti, Daniela Ferrante, Emanuele Torti, Andrea Muraca, Stefano De Cillà","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02394-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02394-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate different quantitative non-invasive retinal biomarkers of microvascular impairment and neurodegeneration in patients affected by mild and moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) with or without macular microaneurysms (MAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional case-control study. Ninety-seven eyes with NPDR, 49 with no central MAs and 48 with central MAs, underwent color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT-angiography (OCT-A). Thickness of central macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL+) and NFL + GCL + was evaluated on OCT. FAZ metrics (ImageJ), perfusion and vessel density (PD/VD), and fractal dimension (FD) (MATLAB) were evaluated on 3 × 3 OCT-A slabs of both superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP/DCP). All evaluations were performed on the full image and after subdivision in 4 quadrants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the MA group, 77 MAs were detected (45.5% in the DCP). The MA group showed: increased FAZ area and perimeter in the SCP (p < 0.01) and DCP (p = 0.02), and reduced circularity index in the SCP (p = 0.03); reduced VD in the SCP (p < 0.01) and reduced PD, VD (p < 0.01) and FD (p = 0.02) in the DCP; decreased VD and FD in the SCP (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05), and in VD and FD in the DCP in the inferior quadrant (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03); a decrease in VD in the SCP in the nasal quadrant (p = 0.05). No differences have been detected in OCT parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the presence of central MAs in patients with NPDR may correlate with more pronounced macular microvascular impairment, particularly during the mild and moderate stages of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediation analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging variables with all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortalities in persons with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Cheng-Chieh Lin, Chia-Ing Li, Chiu-Shong Liu, Chih-Hsueh Lin, Jiaxin Yu, Shing-Yu Yang, Tsai-Chung Li","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02387-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02387-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Glucose variation (GV) has emerged as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in persons with diabetes. However, no study has examined whether brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables mediated the association between mortality and GV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective cohort comprising 3,961 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whose electronic medical records were retrieved from a medical center between January 2001 and October 2021. GV was quantified using coefficient of variation of fasting plasma glucose (FPG-CV) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The MRI variables included the presence or absence of cerebrovascular abnormality and white matter hyperintensity (WMH). All deaths and deaths resulting from expanded cardiovascular disease (CVD) were identified through annual record linkage with National Death Datasets. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate associations of MRI variable or GV with mortality. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the relative contributions of MRI variables for GV on mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,961 patients, 2,114 patients (53.4%) had cerebrovascular abnormality and 1,888 patients (47.7%) had WMH. The results showed cerebrovascular abnormality and WMHs were significantly associated with all-cause and expanded CVD mortality after considering GV. The largest mediated effects of GV on all-cause and expanded CVD mortality were observed by cerebrovascular abnormality (5.26% and 8.49%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests cerebrovascular abnormality and WMHs are important predictors of mortality in patients with T2D after considering GV. In addition, MRI variables of cerebrovascular abnormality expressed weak but significant mediation effect on the associations between GV and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combination of next generation sequencing and technological devices allows a precision medicine approach in congenital hyperinsulinism: the case of a pregnant mother and the child she gave birth","authors":"Marina Valenzano,&nbsp;Antonella Peduto,&nbsp;Anna Comba,&nbsp;Claudia Menzaghi,&nbsp;Vincenzo Trischitta","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02395-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00592-024-02395-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":"62 1","pages":"135 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of left atrial function and left atrioventricular coupling via cardiac magnetic resonance in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes.","authors":"Shanshan Zhou, Zhen Zhang, Yiyuan Gao, Gengxiao Li, Yuefu Zhan, Shurong Liu, Zhiwei Zhao, Gerald M Pohost, Kai Sun, Kuncheng Li","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02380-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02380-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Assessment of left atrial (LA) function and the left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) have recently been increasingly recognized as important indices for cardiovascular diseases associated with the presence of prediabetes and diabetes. We aimed to evaluate LA function and the LACI in patients with prediabetes and diabetes via cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, we included 35 patients with prediabetes, 32 patients with diabetes, and 84 healthy control participants. The LACI and LA total, passive, and active emptying fractions (LATEmF, LAPEmF, and LAAEmF, respectively) were calculated. The LA reservoir, conduit, and booster pump strains (ε_s, ε_e, and ε_a), and peak positive, peak early negative, and peak late negative strain rates (SRs, SRe, and SRa) were obtained via CMR-feature tracking (CMR-FT). For the statistical analyses, one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression were conducted, and Pearson's and interclass correlation coefficients were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with healthy control participants, patients with prediabetes or diabetes presented lower ε_s and ε_e values and a relatively preserved LACI. Patients with diabetes presented considerably reduced SRs, SRe, and LAPEmF. Elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were independently associated with decreased magnitudes of ε_s, SRs, ε_e, and SRe. No significant associations were found between the LACI and the HbA1c or LA deformation parameters. We observed significant correlations between LATEmF and ε_s, LAPEmF and ε_e and between LAAEmF and ε_a.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CMR-FT provides a potential noninvasive approach for the early detection of alterations in the LA reservoir and conduit function in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A regulatory variant rs9379874 in T1D risk region 6p22.2 affects BTN3A1 expression regulating T cell function.","authors":"Liying Jiang, Min Shen, Saisai Zhang, Jie Zhang, Yun Shi, Yong Gu, Tao Yang, Qi Fu, Bingwei Wang, Yang Chen, Kuanfeng Xu, Heng Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02389-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02389-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified that 6p22.2 region is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk in the Chinese Han population. This study aims to reveal associations between this risk region and T1D subgroups and related clinical features, and further identify causal variant(s) and target gene(s) in this region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2608 T1D and 4814 healthy controls were recruited from East, Central, and South China. Baseline data and genotyping for rs4320356 were collected. The most likely causal variant and gene were identified by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assays, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and functional annotation of the non-coding region within the 6p22.2 region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The leading variant rs4320356 in the 6p22.2 region was associated with T1D risk in the Chinese and Europeans. However, this variant was not significantly associated with islet function or autoimmunity. In silico analysis suggested rs9379874 was the most potential causal variant for T1D risk among thymus, spleen, and T cells, overlapping with the enhancer-related histone mark in multiple T cell subsets. Dual luciferase reporter assay and eQTL showed that the T allele of rs9379874 increased BTN3A1 expression by binding to FOXA1. Public single-cell RNA sequencing analysis indicated that BTN3A1 was related to T-cell activation, ATP metabolism, and cytokine metabolism pathways, which might contribute to T1D development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that a functional variant rs9379874 regulates BTN3A1 expression, expanding the genomic landscape of T1D risk and offering a potential target for developing novel therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of APOE isoforms in diabetic nephropathy patients of South India.","authors":"Preethi Basavaraju, Puthamohan Vinayaga Moorthi, Arun Meyyazhagan, Ilakkiyapavai Devaraj, Kavipriya Babu, Emanuele Panza, Antonio Orlacchio","doi":"10.1007/s00592-024-02374-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-024-02374-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a grave complication and the most common renal dysfunction of diabetes mellitus. Genetic factors, including Apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 577 type 2 Diabetes mellitus subjects were categorized into diabetes non-nephropathic (Controls: n = 321), diabetes nephropathic (DN: n = 256) groups. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters including age, BMI, lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG), glucose metabolism (plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum insulin), renal function (UACR, PCR), and blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were assessed. APOE variant frequencies were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, validated against Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and statistically correlated with each clinical and biochemical parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DN group had an increased prevalence of hypertension, fatty liver, and dyslipidemia compared to the Control group. Biochemical analyses revealed elevated levels of TC (213.41 mg/dL vs. 189.32 mg/dL), LDL-C (134.46 mg/dL vs. 107.56 mg/dL), and reduced HDL-C (58.13 mg/dL vs. 65.32 mg/dL) in DN cases compared to Controls (all p < 0.0001). The APOE variants distribution showed a significant increase in E2 allele frequency (69.1% vs. 15.3%) and corresponding homozygous genotype (E2/2: 42.2% vs. 5.6%) in DN cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a higher frequency of E2 allele in the DN group compared to Controls, though no statistically significant risk of DN was linked to this allele. The results suggest a potential association for APOE polymorphisms, requiring broader studies to clarify the role of APOE polymorphisms in DN susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":6921,"journal":{"name":"Acta Diabetologica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}