Yi Wu , Xiaoying Jia , Namei Wu , Xinghai Zhang , Yan Wu , Yang Liu , Minmin Zhou , Yanqiong Shen , Entao Li , Wei Wang , Jiaming Lan , Yucai Wang , Sandra Chiu
{"title":"Boosting with Omicron-specific mRNA vaccine or historical SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicits discriminating immune responses against Omicron variants","authors":"Yi Wu , Xiaoying Jia , Namei Wu , Xinghai Zhang , Yan Wu , Yang Liu , Minmin Zhou , Yanqiong Shen , Entao Li , Wei Wang , Jiaming Lan , Yucai Wang , Sandra Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Booster vaccinations are highly recommended in combating the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and its subvariants. However, the optimal booster vaccination strategies and related immune mechanisms with different prior vaccinations are under-revealed. In this study, we systematically evaluated the immune responses in mice and hamsters with different prime-boost regimens before their protective efficacies against Omicron were detected. We found that boosting with Ad5-nCoV, S<sub>WT</sub>-2P or S<sub>Omicron</sub>-6P induced significantly higher levels of neutralization activities against Omicron variants than CoronaVac and ZF2001 by eliciting stronger germinal center (GC) responses. Specifically, S<sub>Omicron</sub>-6P induced even stronger antibody responses against Omicron variants in CoronaVac and Ad5-nCoV-primed animals than non-Omicron-specific vaccines but with limited differences as compared to Ad5-nCoV and S<sub>WT</sub>-2P. In addition, boosting with a specific vaccine has the potential to remodel the existing immune profiles. These findings indicated that adenovirus-vectored vaccines and mRNA vaccines would be more effective than other types of vaccines as booster shots in combating Omicron infections. Moreover, the protective efficacies of the vaccines in booster vaccinations are highly related to GC reactions in secondary lymphatic organs. In summary, these findings provide timely important information on prime-boost regimens and future vaccine design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 947-962"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaohui Li , Yanyan Yang , Jinbao Zong , Bei Zhang , Xiaolu Li , Hongzhao Qi , Tao Yu , Yongxin Li
{"title":"Dendritic cells immunotargeted therapy for atherosclerosis","authors":"Zhaohui Li , Yanyan Yang , Jinbao Zong , Bei Zhang , Xiaolu Li , Hongzhao Qi , Tao Yu , Yongxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is markedly influenced by both immune and inflammatory reactions throughout its progression. Dendritic cells, as pivotal antigen-presenting entities, play a crucial role in the initiation of immune responses and the preservation of immunological homeostasis. Accumulating data indicates that dendritic cells are present in healthy arteries and accumulate significantly in atherosclerotic plaques. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches and vaccination protocols have yielded substantial clinical advancements in managing chronic inflammatory diseases, with dendritic cell-centric modalities emerging for atherosclerotic management. In this review, we delineate the essential functions and underlying mechanisms of dendritic cells and their subsets in the modulation of atherosclerotic inflammation and immune responses. We underscore the immense promise of dendritic cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies, including vaccines and innovative combinations with nanotechnological drug delivery platforms for atherosclerosis treatment. We also discuss the challenges associated with dendritic cell immunotherapy and provide perspectives on the future direction of this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 792-808"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Author correction to “The novel ER stress inducer Sec C triggers apoptosis by sulfating ER cysteine residues and degrading YAP via ER stress in pancreatic cancer cells” [Acta Pharm Sin B 12 (2022) 210–227]","authors":"Junxia Wang , Minghua Chen , Mengyan Wang, Wenxia Zhao, Conghui Zhang, Xiujun Liu, Meilian Cai, Yuhan Qiu, Tianshu Zhang, Huimin Zhou, Wuli Zhao, Shuyi Si, Rongguang Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 1208-1209"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Hou , Bingling Zhong , Lin Zhao , Heng Wang , Yanyan Zhu , Xianzhe Wang , Haoyi Zheng , Jie Yu , Guokai Liu , Xin Wang , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Xiuping Chen
{"title":"A small molecule cryptotanshinone induces non-enzymatic NQO1-dependent necrosis in cancer cells through the JNK1/2/Iron/PARP/calcium pathway","authors":"Ying Hou , Bingling Zhong , Lin Zhao , Heng Wang , Yanyan Zhu , Xianzhe Wang , Haoyi Zheng , Jie Yu , Guokai Liu , Xin Wang , Jose M. Martin-Garcia , Xiuping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a flavoenzyme expressed at high levels in multiple solid tumors, making it an attractive target for anticancer drugs. Bioactivatable drugs targeting NQO1, such as <em>β</em>-lapachone (<em>β</em>-lap), are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. <em>β</em>-Lap selectively kills NQO1-positive (NQO1<sup>+</sup>) cancer cells by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) <em>via</em> catalytic activation of NQO1. In this study, we demonstrated that cryptotanshinone (CTS), a naturally occurring compound, induces NQO1-dependent necrosis without affecting NQO1 activity. CTS selectively kills NQO1<sup>+</sup> cancer cells by inducing NQO1-dependent necrosis. Interestingly, CTS directly binds to NQO1 but does not activate its catalytic activity. In addition, CTS enables activation of JNK1/2 and PARP, accumulation of iron and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and depletion of ATP and NAD<sup>+</sup>. Furthermore, CTS selectively suppressed tumor growth in the NQO1<sup>+</sup> xenograft models, which was reversed by NQO1 inhibitor and NQO1 shRNA. In conclusion, CTS induces NQO1-dependent necrosis <em>via</em> the JNK1/2/iron/PARP/NAD<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling pathway. This study demonstrates the non-enzymatic function of NQO1 in inducing cell death and provides new avenues for the design and development of NQO1-targeted anticancer drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 991-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenhui Fu , Qingyu Lin , Zhequan Fu , Tingting Yang , Dai Shi , Pengcheng Ma , Hongxing Su , Yunze Wang , Guobing Liu , Jing Ding , Hongcheng Shi , Dengfeng Cheng
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of TSPO-targeting radioligand [18F]F-TFQC for PET neuroimaging in epileptic rats","authors":"Wenhui Fu , Qingyu Lin , Zhequan Fu , Tingting Yang , Dai Shi , Pengcheng Ma , Hongxing Su , Yunze Wang , Guobing Liu , Jing Ding , Hongcheng Shi , Dengfeng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.05.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.05.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) can noninvasively detect neuroinflammation associated with epileptogenesis and epilepsy. This study explored the role of the TSPO-targeting radioligand [<sup>18</sup>F]F-TFQC, an <em>m</em>-trifluoromethyl ER176 analog, in the PET neuroimaging of epileptic rats. Initially, [<sup>18</sup>F]F-TFQC was synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 8%–10% (EOS), a radiochemical purity of over 99%, and a specific activity of 38.21 ± 1.73 MBq/nmol (EOS). After determining that [<sup>18</sup>F]F-TFQC exhibited good biochemical properties, [<sup>18</sup>F]F-TFQC PET neuroimaging was performed in epileptic rats at multiple time points in various stages of disease progression. PET imaging showed specific [<sup>18</sup>F]F-TFQC uptake in the right hippocampus (KA-injected site, <em>i.e.</em>, epileptogenic zone), which was most pronounced at 1 week (T/NT 1.63 ± 0.21) and 1 month (T/NT 1.66 ± 0.20). The PET results were further validated using autoradiography and pathological analysis. Thus, [<sup>18</sup>F]F-TFQC can reflect the TSPO levels and localize the epileptogenic zone, thereby offering the potential for monitoring neuroinflammation and guiding anti-inflammatory treatment in patients with epilepsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 722-736"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian He , Yu Huo , Zhikun Zhang , Yiqun Luo , Xiuli Liu , Qiaoying Chen , Pan Wu , Wei Shi , Tao Wu , Chao Tang , Huixue Wang , Lan Li , Xiyu Liu , Yong Huang , Yongxiang Zhao , Lu Gan , Bing Wang , Liping Zhong
{"title":"Author correction to “Generation of αGal-enhanced bifunctional tumor vaccine” [Acta Pharm Sin B 12 (2022) 3177–3186]","authors":"Jian He , Yu Huo , Zhikun Zhang , Yiqun Luo , Xiuli Liu , Qiaoying Chen , Pan Wu , Wei Shi , Tao Wu , Chao Tang , Huixue Wang , Lan Li , Xiyu Liu , Yong Huang , Yongxiang Zhao , Lu Gan , Bing Wang , Liping Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Page 1207"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bolin Yao , Yanyan Kong , Jianing Li , Fulin Xu , Yan Deng , Yuncan Chen , Yixiu Chen , Jian Chen , Minhua Xu , Xiao Zhu , Liang Chen , Fang Xie , Xin Zhang , Cong Wang , Cong Li
{"title":"Synthesis, preclinical evaluation and pilot clinical study of a P2Y12 receptor targeting radiotracer [18F]QTFT for imaging brain disorders by visualizing anti-inflammatory microglia","authors":"Bolin Yao , Yanyan Kong , Jianing Li , Fulin Xu , Yan Deng , Yuncan Chen , Yixiu Chen , Jian Chen , Minhua Xu , Xiao Zhu , Liang Chen , Fang Xie , Xin Zhang , Cong Wang , Cong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an <sup>18</sup>F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y<sub>12</sub>, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [<sup>18</sup>F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y<sub>12</sub> (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood–brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [<sup>18</sup>F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y<sub>12</sub> antagonist. Furthermore, [<sup>18</sup>F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y<sub>12</sub> in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [<sup>18</sup>F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [<sup>18</sup>F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y<sub>12</sub> overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 1056-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya Wei , Xue Xia , Xiaorong Wang , Wenqin Yang , Siqin He , Lulu Wang , Yongke Chen , Yang Zhou , Feng Chen , Hanmei Li , Fu Peng , Guobo Li , Zheng Xu , Jintao Fu , Huile Gao
{"title":"Enhanced BBB penetration and microglia-targeting nanomodulator for the two-pronged modulation of chronically activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Ya Wei , Xue Xia , Xiaorong Wang , Wenqin Yang , Siqin He , Lulu Wang , Yongke Chen , Yang Zhou , Feng Chen , Hanmei Li , Fu Peng , Guobo Li , Zheng Xu , Jintao Fu , Huile Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intervention in chronically activated microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a novel approach to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The low permeability of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) and non-selective distribution in the brain severely restrict AD drugs' disease-modifying efficacy. Here, an immunosuppressant TREM2-lowing antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and resveratrol co-loaded cationic liposome is developed as an immune reprogramming nanomodulator modified by acid-cleavable BBB-targeting peptide and microglia-targeting peptide (Res@TcMNP/ASO) for AD management. Res@TcMNP/ASO can enter brain endothelial cells <em>via</em> D-T7 peptides. Then D-T7 undergoes an acid-responsive cleavage, facilitating the escape of Res@MNP/ASO from endo/lysosomes to cross the BBB. The detached Res@MNP/ASO specifically targets M1-phenotype microglia <em>via</em> exposed MG1 peptides to prompt the simultaneous delivery of two drugs into activated microglia. This nanomodulator can not only restore the immune function of microglia through TREM2-lowing ASO but also mitigate the immune stimulation to microglia caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through resveratrol, thereby synergistically inhibiting the chronic activation of microglia to alleviate neuroinflammation in AD. Our results indicate that this combination treatment can achieve significant behavioral and cognitive improvements in late APP/PS1 mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 1098-1111"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuyu Zhu , Lixin Zhao , Wei Yan , Hongyue Ma , Wanjun Zhao , Jiao Qu , Wei Zheng , Chenyang Zhang , Haojie Du , Meng Yu , Ning Wan , Hui Ye , Yicheng Xie , Bowen Ke , Qiang Xu , Haiyan Sun , Yang Sun , Zijun Ouyang
{"title":"Celastrol directly targets LRP1 to inhibit fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk and ameliorates psoriasis progression","authors":"Yuyu Zhu , Lixin Zhao , Wei Yan , Hongyue Ma , Wanjun Zhao , Jiao Qu , Wei Zheng , Chenyang Zhang , Haojie Du , Meng Yu , Ning Wan , Hui Ye , Yicheng Xie , Bowen Ke , Qiang Xu , Haiyan Sun , Yang Sun , Zijun Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriasis is an incurable chronic inflammatory disease that requires new interventions. Here, we found that fibroblasts exacerbate psoriasis progression by promoting macrophage recruitment <em>via</em> CCL2 secretion by single-cell multi-omics analysis. The natural small molecule celastrol was screened to interfere with the secretion of CCL2 by fibroblasts and improve the psoriasis-like symptoms in both murine and cynomolgus monkey models. Mechanistically, celastrol directly bound to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) <em>β</em>-chain and abolished its binding to the transcription factor c-Jun in the nucleus, which in turn inhibited CCL2 production by skin fibroblasts, blocked fibroblast–macrophage crosstalk, and ameliorated psoriasis progression. Notably, fibroblast-specific LRP1 knockout mice exhibited a significant reduction in psoriasis like inflammation. Taken together, from clinical samples and combined with various mouse models, we revealed the pathogenesis of psoriasis from the perspective of fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk, and provided a foundation for LRP1 as a novel potential target for psoriasis treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 876-891"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boyan Liu , Wenshi Liu , Miao Xu , Tongyi Zhao , Bingxin Zhou , Ruilin Zhou , Ze Zhu , Xuchun Chen , Zhiye Bao , Keke Wang , Heran Li
{"title":"Drug delivery systems based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the management of hepatic diseases","authors":"Boyan Liu , Wenshi Liu , Miao Xu , Tongyi Zhao , Bingxin Zhou , Ruilin Zhou , Ze Zhu , Xuchun Chen , Zhiye Bao , Keke Wang , Heran Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsb.2024.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The liver performs multiple life-sustaining functions. Hepatic diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma, pose significant health and economic burdens globally. Along with the advances in nanotechnology, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibiting diversiform size and shape, distinct morphological properties, and favorable physico-chemical features have become an ideal choice for drug delivery systems and inspire alternative thinking for the management of hepatic diseases. Initially, we introduce the physiological structure of the liver and highlight its intrinsic cell types and correlative functions. Next, we detail the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of MSNs and their capacity for controlled drug loading and release. Particularly, we discuss the interactions between liver and MSNs with respect to the passive targeting mechanisms of MSNs within the liver by adjusting their particle size, pore diameter, surface charge, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and surface functionalization. Subsequently, we emphasize the role of MSNs in regulating liver pathophysiology, exploring their value in addressing liver pathological states, such as tumors and inflammation, combined with multi-functional designs and intelligent modes to enhance drug targeting and minimize side effects. Lastly, we put forward the problems, challenges, opportunities, as well as clinical translational issues faced by MSNs in the management of liver diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":6906,"journal":{"name":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 809-833"},"PeriodicalIF":14.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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