材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2020-03-27DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2020.103006
Lorraine M. Negrón, Margaret Piranian, M. Amaya, D. Gorski, N. Pingitore
{"title":"ArcGISTM Proximity and Cluster Analysis of Electron Probe Micro-Maps of Round Top Critical Mineral Deposit","authors":"Lorraine M. Negrón, Margaret Piranian, M. Amaya, D. Gorski, N. Pingitore","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2020.103006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2020.103006","url":null,"abstract":"Critical and rare earth elements are in high demand for their increasing incorporation in modern technological devices for applications in the military, industrial, commercial, and consumer sectors. Round Top Mountain, a rhyolite laccolith in Sierra Blanca, west Texas, U.S.A. is a unique mineral deposit that offers opportunity for development of rare earth elements, especially the heavy rare earths, as well as associated critical elements. The main objective here is to evaluate the distances between accessory minerals of potential economic value (yttrofluorite, cryolite, uraninite, thorite, cassiterite, and columbite), and to major (potassium feldspar, albite, and quartz) and minor minerals (annite mi-ca, magnetite, and zircon). In this study we explore the proximity and clustering of these minor and accessory minerals, at the mi-cron-to-millimeter scale, from mineral maps constructed in a previous application of ArcGISTM tools to electron probe microanal-ysis (EPMA) element maps. Our goal is to determine whether specific minerals cluster spatially and, if so, at what distances. We noted that the high-value target yttrofluorite grains often neighbor potassium feldspar and quartz grains, but less commonly magnetite and mica grains. With regard to cluster analysis, most minor and accessory minerals were found to group together at small scales (low micrometer) and were dis-persed or random at larger (up to 1 mm) distances.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48051967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2020.103005
K. Yano, N. Setoyama, K. Fukumori
{"title":"Investigation of Non-Thermodynamical CO2 Adsorption Behavior for Amine-Modified Nanoporous Silica","authors":"K. Yano, N. Setoyama, K. Fukumori","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2020.103005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2020.103005","url":null,"abstract":"Non-thermodynamical CO2 adsorption behavior for amine-modified nanoporous silica is clarified by evaluating the mobility of organic functional \u0000group inside mesopores by using pulsed NMR technique. CO2 adsorption \u0000behavior of nanoporous silica modified with amino-propyl silane (AP) changes significantly \u0000depending on the amount of AP loaded. A low AP loaded sample shows normal \u0000adsorption behavior; the amount of CO2 adsorbed decreases with \u0000increasing temperature. In contrast, a high AP loaded sample possesses \u0000non-thermodynamic CO2 adsorption behavior in which the amount of CO2 adsorbed increases with increasing temperature in within a certain temperature \u0000range. To address the mechanism, a pulsed NMR technique was employed to clarify \u0000the mobility of AP molecules, and it was found that the mobility of mobile \u0000components in a high AP loaded sample increased drastically with increasing temperature \u0000while the mobility in a low AP loaded sample remained unchanged. It is \u0000understood that the enhancement of the diffusion of CO2 inside nanopores \u0000leads to the non-thermodynamic adsorption behavior.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48717107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2020.103007
G. Kaupp
{"title":"Indentation onto Stishovite (SiO2), MgO, and a Covered Superalloy: “Pop-In” Repair, Phase-Transition Onsets, Polymorph Energies, and Transition-Energies","authors":"G. Kaupp","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2020.103007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2020.103007","url":null,"abstract":"The Berkovich indentation loading curves of the initially only extraterrestrial available polymorphs of SiO2 are physically analyzed by applying the now well established FN-h3/2 plots for conical/pyramidal indentations, in view of determining the phase-transition onset forces, indentation energies, and transition energies. Two phase-transitions of synthesized Stishovite yielding 2 polymorphs (one of them is Seifertite) with these properties are characterized. A third post-Stishovite polymorph is safely projected for higher load indentation. Both of them are now available at room temperature on earth for further investigation and the projected third of them is waiting. The published “pop-ins” had to be removed by self-evident repair of the force-depth curve. The meaning of published “pop-ins” is elucidated, apparently for the first time. The reasons for them and their avoidance are manifold. They are not materials’ properties but mechanical artefacts. Published pop-ins are not at all connected to phase-transitions, despite theoretical considerations claiming elastic-plastic conversion at the start of “pop-ins”. Spherical indentation analyses before them are obsolete. Final support is inter alia that one of the two new MgO twinning transitions is within a published “pop-in excursion”. The putting of a pop-in arrow at smooth loading curve without discontinuities is criticized, as the transfer between chemically different phases is neither phase transition nor “pop-in”. The polymorph’s onset forces, their energies and their endo- or exo-thermic phase-transition energies are reported. The development of the Stishovite, post-Stishovite and MgO polymorphs is mechanochemical analyzed. High pressure polymorph energetic properties are important for the earth’s sub mantel investigations and for public safety of technical materials such as MgO for constructions, or covered superalloys for e.g. airplanes, turbines, etc. Breakage and catastrophic cracks are more easily initiated at polymorph interfaces, the onset and transition energies must be above the highest possible mechanical and thermal stress for their being safe.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49137960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2020.102004
Lorraine M. Negrón, Margaret Piranian, M. Amaya, D. Gorski, N. Pingitore
{"title":"ArcGISTM and Principal Component Analysis of Probe Data to Micro-Map Minerals in Round Top Rare Earth Deposit","authors":"Lorraine M. Negrón, Margaret Piranian, M. Amaya, D. Gorski, N. Pingitore","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2020.102004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2020.102004","url":null,"abstract":"Rare earth elements (REEs), especially heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), are in demand for their current and emerging applications in advanced technologies. Here we perform computer-driven micro-mapping at the millimeter scale of the minerals that comprise Round Top Mountain, in west Texas, USA. This large rhyolite deposit is enriched in HREEs and such other critical elements as Li, Be, and U. Electron probe microanalysis of 2 × 2 mm areas of thin sections of the rhyolite produced individual maps of 16 elements. These were superimposed to generate a 16-element composition at each pixel. Principal components analysis of elements at each pixel identified the specific mineral at that site. The pixels were then relabeled as the appropriate minerals, thereby producing a single mineral map. The overall mineral composition of the 7 studied samples compared favorably with prior analyses of the Round Top deposit available in the literature. Likewise the range of porosity in the maps was consistent with that of previous direct measurements by water saturation. This new statistical and GIS-based technique provides a robust and unbiased approach to electron microprobe mapping. The study further showed that the high-value yttrofluorite grains exhibited little tendency to cluster with other late-stage trace minerals and that the samples extended the previously documented overall homogeneity of the deposit at field scale to this microscopic scale.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45731997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2020-02-20DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2020.102003
A. Apostolov, I. Apostolova, J. Wesselinowa
{"title":"Antiferroelectricity in ZrO2 and Ferroelectricity in Zr, Al, La Doped HfO2 Nanoparticles","authors":"A. Apostolov, I. Apostolova, J. Wesselinowa","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2020.102003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2020.102003","url":null,"abstract":"The dependence of the polarization P in Hf1-xZrxO2 nanoparticles on electric field, dopant concentration x, size and temperature are studied using the transverse Ising model and the Green’s function method. Pure ZrO2 shows at high electric fields an antiferroelectric behavior. Pure HfO2 is a linear dielectric in the monoclinic phase. With increasing ZrO2 content the of HZO shows a ferroelectric behavior. The composition dependence x of the remanent polarization Pr(x) has a maximum for x = 0.5. For x = 0, pure HfO2, and x = 1, pure ZrO2, Pr=0. P increases with decreasing HZO nanoparticle size. The influence of Al and La doping on Pr in HfO2 nanoparticles is also studied. The exhibiting of the ferroelectricity in ion doped HfO2 is due to a phase transformation and to an internal strain effect. The observed results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42508989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2020.101001
S. Ashrafi, Kamal Hossain, F. Ahmed, A. Hossain, Obaidur Rahman
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Graphene Incorporated Cu Based Perovskite in Application of Perovskite Solar Cell under Ambient Condition","authors":"S. Ashrafi, Kamal Hossain, F. Ahmed, A. Hossain, Obaidur Rahman","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2020.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2020.101001","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of Cu-based thin film perovskites and their prospective application in photovoltaic cells and light-harvesting devices, which is lead(Pb) free and environmental friendly. We studied valuable part of graphene for stability issue in CH3NH3CuCl3(MACuCl3) Perovskites solar cell and improved band gap 2.61 eV to 2.56 eV as well. Copper ions represented responsible of this materials for the bright green photoluminescence. For assimilating MACuCl3 and G-MACuCl3 based Perovskites, solar cells architectures and photovoltaic performance are argued among them. The main limitations for the solar cell efficiency were found the arrangement of insubstantial mass and high absorption coefficient of the electrons as well. As per as our knowledge, this work is demonstrated of the prospective of thin film MACuCl3 and G-MACuCl3 perovskite as light absorber and puts down the establishment for additional development of perovskite solar cell as alternative of lead-free materials.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42892818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2020.101002
Atsushi Nitta, Naohiko Chosa, K. Takeda
{"title":"The Polar Solvent Application Method for Organic Transparent Conductive Film Produced by an Inkjet Printing Method","authors":"Atsushi Nitta, Naohiko Chosa, K. Takeda","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2020.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2020.101002","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, flexible electronic devices have \u0000attracted much attention. Accordingly, flexible transparent conductive films \u0000are being researched actively. The commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO) \u0000transparent conductive film has limited flexibility. Therefore, we focused on \u0000poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio- phene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) \u0000as a substitute material for ITO and are engaged in producing flexible \u0000transparent conductive film using inkjet printers. To improve the \u0000characteristics of the transparent conductive film \u0000produced by inkjet printing, based on prior research, we found that cleaning the film substrate with ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) and \u0000post-deposition annealing and treatment using polar solvents are \u0000effective for thin films. In this study, we examined the method of applying the \u0000polar solvent. As a result, we were able to improve the homogeneity of the thin \u0000film surface by applying the polar solvent to each thin film lamination layer. \u0000The resulting characteristics obtained for a three-layer printed PEDOT:PSS thin \u0000film with polar solvent coating were resistivity of 1.49 × 10-3 Ω·cm and transmittance of 84.6%. However, we found that the surface condition \u0000changed depending on the processing method, affecting the rate of visible light \u0000transmittance.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":"10 1","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44199191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2019-12-11DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2019.912018
E. Haug
{"title":"Lamb Shift Approximation for Elements up to 80 in a Very Simple Way","authors":"E. Haug","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2019.912018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2019.912018","url":null,"abstract":"We suggest that the Lamb shift can be approximated by a very simple function that seems accurate enough for most experimental researchers working with elements where the relativistic effects of the electron are minimal, that is up to element 80 or so. Even if our new approximation does not show anything new in quantum chemistry per se, we think that it can be useful for experimental researchers and students of both quantum physics and chemistry; now everyone can calculate the Lamb shift on the back of an envelope.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2019-12-10DOI: 10.4236/AMPC.2019.912017
Youfeng Li, Jinliang Lin, Wang Guangwei
{"title":"La2O3/Fe2O3-CeO2 Composite Oxide Catalyst and Its Performance","authors":"Youfeng Li, Jinliang Lin, Wang Guangwei","doi":"10.4236/AMPC.2019.912017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AMPC.2019.912017","url":null,"abstract":"The La2O3/Fe2O3-CeO2 composite oxide catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal method. The effect of preparation methods on structure morphology and photocatalytic properties of La2O3/Fe2O3-CeO2 samples was investigated. The results show that the cubic CeO2 structure can be obtained at 600℃. The rod-shaped sample prepared by coprecipitation method, displays the highest crystalline and the strongest diffraction peak intensity. The spherical sample is acquired from sol-gel method, while the small granular sample prepared by hydrothermal method tends to aggregate. The maximum specific surface area of the sample prepared by coprecipitation method is 76.21 m2/g, the minimum specific area of the sample from sol-gel method is 32.66 m2/g and the maximum pore size is 13.84 nm, while the minimum pore volume and pore size of the sample by hydrothermal method are 0.038 cm3/g and 3.95 nm respectively. The band gap energy of catalyst samples is in the following order: sample-CP < sample-SG < sample-HT. The sample obtained by coprecipitation method has the best catalytic degradation performance for methylene blue. Under the excitation of visible light, the degradation rate was 99.58% at 50 minutes, which was higher than those of sol-gel method and hydrothermal method by 5.58% and 9.54% respectively. The catalytic degradation reaction is a first-order kinetic model: ln (c0/ct) = kt + qe. The maximum k-value of the sample degradation process obtained by coprecipitation method is 0.074 min-1.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45995736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料物理与化学进展(英文)Pub Date : 2019-11-29DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2019.911016
O. Hachay, A. Khachay, O. Khachay
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling Algorithms for Creating New Materials with Desired Properties Using Nano-Hierarchical Structures","authors":"O. Hachay, A. Khachay, O. Khachay","doi":"10.4236/ampc.2019.911016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ampc.2019.911016","url":null,"abstract":"In the enormous and still poorly mastered gap between the macro level, where well developed continuum theories of continuous media and engineering methods of calculation and design operate, and atomic, subordinate to the laws of quantum mechanics, there is an extensive meso-hierarchical level of the structure of matter. At this level unprecedented previously products and technologies can be artificially created. Nano technology is a qualitatively new strategy in technology: it creates objects in exactly the opposite way—large objects are created from small ones [1]. We have developed a new method for modeling acoustic monitoring of a layered-block elastic medium with several inclusions of various physical and mechanical hierarchical structures [2]. An iterative process is developed for solving the direct problem for the case of three hierarchical inclusions of l, m, s-th ranks based on the use of 2D integro-differential equations. The degree of hierarchy of inclusions is determined by the values of their ranks, which may be different, while the first rank is associated with the atomic structure, the following ranks are associated with increasing geometric sizes, which contain inclusions of lower ranks and sizes. Hierarchical inclusions are located in different layers one above the other: the upper one is abnormally plastic, the second is abnormally elastic and the third is abnormally dense. The degree of filling with inclusions of each rank for all three hierarchical inclusions is different. Modeling is carried out from smaller sizes to large inclusions; as a result, it becomes possible to determine the necessary parameters of the formed material from acoustic monitoring data.","PeriodicalId":68199,"journal":{"name":"材料物理与化学进展(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43424354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}