食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)最新文献

{"title":"Haematological and Hepatic Responses of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus to Sublethal Exposure of Industrial Effluents from Ologe Lagoon Environs, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"A. Adeboyejo, E. Clarke, A. M. Hammed, Roseline O. Adaramoye","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is on the haematological and hepatic responses of the African catfish fingerlings Clarias gariepinus to sublethal toxicity of industrial effluents (IE) from the environment of Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. The fish were cultured in five concentrations of industrial effluents: 0% (control), 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35%. Trials were carried out in triplicates for twelve (12) weeks. The culture system was a static renewable bioassay and was carried out in the fisheries laboratory of the Lagos State University, Ojo-Lagos. Weekly physico-chemical parameters: Temperature (°C), pH, conductivity (ppm) and dissolved oxygen (DO in mg/L) were measured in each treatment tank. Haematological parameters: packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocytes etc., and hepatological alterations were measured after 12 weeks. The physico-chemical parameters showed that the pH ranged from 7.82±0.25~8.07±0.02. DO ranged from 1.92±0.66~4.43±1.24 mg/L. The conductivity values increased with increase in concentration of I.E. While the temperature difference remained insignificant with mean value range between 26.08±2.14~26.38±2.28. The DO showed significant differences at p < 0.05. Though survival was 100% during the sublethal study, haematological results showed that C. gariepinus had PCV ranging from 13.0±1.7~27.7±0.6, RBC ranged from 4.7±0.6~9.1±0.1, and neutrophil ranged from 26.7±4.6~61.0±1.0 amongst others. The highest values of these parameters were obtained in the control and lowest at 35%. While the reverse effects were observed for WBC and lymphocytes, the liver shows normal liver cells in the control (0%), but at higher toxic levels, there were: vacoulation, destruction of the hepatic parenchyma, tissue becoming eosinophilic (i.e. tending towards Carcinogenicity) and severe disruption of the hepatic cord architecture. This study therefore shows that disposal of effluents into the aquatic environment affects the health of fishes by impairing normal hepatic functions and hindering vital physiological processes if exposure continues for a long period of time (sublethal effect).","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44608494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic State of Exogenous Enzymes in the Processing of Cotton Seeds","authors":"Abbos Khasanov, Muzzaffar Ataev, Kakhramon Davranov, Khasan Khasanov","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of gossypol, linolenic acid and cottonseed oil on the activity and stability of acidic (Aspergillus niger) and neutral (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) proteinases was studied. Fatty acids and gossypol negatively affect the activity and stability of enzymes. The inhibitory effect of fatty acids and gossypol is most pronounced in the case of neutral proteinases. This also decreases the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate. The heat treatment of cottonseed kernels has a positive effect on enzymatic processes and facilitates the process of oil extraction.","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67552144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Processing Methods on the Nutrient and Phytochemical Properties of African Oil-Bean Seeds (Pentaclethra macrophylla), “Ugba”","authors":"Oly-Alawuba Nkeiruka, Anunukem Deborah","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67552048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Endemic Plant of Ermenek Region (Turkey), Muscari muscarmi: Economic Importance, and Is There a Useful Way Out Cultivation in Its Natural Habitats?","authors":"H. Oztas, F. Oztas, M. Aladağ, A. Alaş","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world with endemic plants. Approximately one third of its flora is endemic. The Muscari muscarimi which belongs to the Liliaceae family is one of its most prominent endemic geophyte plants which originates in southwestern of Turkey where it is found in rocky places like Ermenek, Başyayla (Büyükkarapınar village), Sarıveliler. This species is the most sweetly scented member of the Liliaceae family, having something of the musk scent. Also, this plant locally is used in traditional medicine as antirheumatic, stomachic, diuretic and expectorant. In addition to this, it has also been used as food for humans and animals, ornamental plants in gardens. Morphologically, it has 3-6 linear-lanceolate, grayish-green leaves per plant and bulbs of 2-4 cm in diameter with thick fleshy perennial roots which delve down into the rocky ground of their natural habitats. The chemical is composed of polysaccharides, homoisoflavanons, glycosides etc. Main components of M. muscarimi were identified as (E)-β-ocimene (t-36%), methyl salicylate (1-21%), E-methyl isoeugenol (4-22%) and benzyl benzoate (7-56%). The picking up of the plant bulbs from their natural habitats is prohibited, in accordance with international agreements for the protection of endangered geophytes. The overly habitat destruction in native growing area threatened the existence of the species categories. It is known that in vitro bulblet production in Muscari muscarimi is low. This is difficult for its cultivation in native Ermenek area districts. Recent works show that the culturing immature Musari muscarimi embryos on different growth media could be considered as a useful method for in vitro propagation. As a result, the geophytes, such as M. muscarimi, are eligible widely for perfume production and in the pharmaceutical industry as well as for ornamental flowers. Because of this plant economic importance, bulbs growing and cultivation in their natural habitats could be discussed in this study.","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48527399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on Undernutrition in Care Homes: A Retrospective Service Evaluation","authors":"R. Masters","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"“Let them eat cake”: a retrospective service evaluation of Focus on Undernutrition in care homes. Introduction: Undernutrition is a major cause and consequence of poor health in older people, affecting 35% of residents in care homes. Focus on Undernutrition (FoU), a dietetic service delivered by dietetic assistants uses a multifaceted approach to undernutrition management. This study aims to evaluate FoU’s impact on undernutrition outcome measures in care homes; including FoU’s influence on weight change in residents “at risk” of undernutrition, and prevalence of undernutrition and pressure ulcers (PU). Methods: A retrospective pragmatic service evaluation was undertaken using pseudonymised data collected over 13 years on weight, undernutrition risk and PU from long-stay residents’ notes before and six months after training (FoU). Results: Analysis completed on 104 homes, 4,315 residents (71.3% female; mean stay 10.8 (1-278) months) in County Durham. Following FoU a significant difference was identified for: improved rate of weight change for “at risk” residents (p < 0.001). Undernutrition risk significantly influenced weight change (low: 1.04 kg, 0.01 kg; moderate: -1.79 kg, -0.38 kg; high: -0.83kg, 1.00 kg, p < 0.001, p = 0.001). Reduced undernutrition prevalence (p < 0.001) from 32.7% to 29.1% residents “at risk” of undernutrition (moderate: 13.1%, 8.9%; high: 19.6%, 15.9%). Nutrition screening significantly improved (76.3%, 98.7%, p < 0.001), reduced prevalence PU (51%, p < 0.001). PU prevalence significantly increased with undernutrition severity at baseline (p < 0.001), but not following FoU (p = 0.233) (low: 5%, 2.3%; moderate: 6.9%, 1.6%; high: 10.5%, 3.9%). Odds of developing PU reduced 53% (OR: 0.47). :baseline; :evaluation; OR: odds ratio. Conclusion: These results demonstrate dietetic assistants delivering FoU significantly improves weight, undernutrition and PU prevalence in care homes. Indicating FoU is an effective model for improving undernutrition outcomes, with the potential of reducing possible harm, such as PU in care homes.","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49571440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Characterization and Bio-Control Activities of Bacillus Subtilis from the Fermented Soybean in Cambodia","authors":"Ek Sopheap, Y. Inatsu, Huon Thavrak, Buntong Borarin","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to isolate Bacillus subtilis produced Bacteriocin from Khmer traditional fermented soybean to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria from 120 SIENG samples from 9 different local open markets in Phnom Penh, 1 local open market and 2 local producers in Kandal province in Cambodia. 119 out of 120 samples were positive with Bacillus subtilis strains. Fifteen of these isolated strains exhibited antimicrobial activity to Lactobacillus plantarum by agar well diffusion assay and one of them (CeM6-7 strain) exhibited strongest antimicrobial activity. The filtered supernatant of this strain also suppressed the growth of several Gram-positive pathogens (such as Staphylococcus aureus) or lactic acid bacteria in broth. The filtrate could also suppress the growth of L. plantarum inoculated into soymilk. Antimicrobial B. subtilis strain CeM6-7 is thought to be applicable for making a starter culture to produce much safe fermented soybean foods by suppressing the growth of naturally contaminated B. cereus or S. aureus during production. In addition, the use of this starter culture may contribute to prevent spoilage or quality loss of soybean products caused by the over growth lactic acid bacteria or other Gram-positive bacteria.","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47695642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Anthropology of Historic Foods in Japan, China and Korea","authors":"Bok-rae Kim","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is divided into three subjects: Japanese Genghis Khan, Chinese tofu and Korean bibimbap (mixed rice with vegetables). It will be a cross-cultural and comparative research on historic foods among three countries (Japan, China, and Korea), in relation to national culinary identity.","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44084389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"End of Transportation of Spent Laying Hens: From Idea to Solution","authors":"A. Pinkas","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation of spent laying hens causes them severe suffering. HAI-MESHEK (The Israeli Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Farm Animals) looked for ways to decrease the suffering and finally developed the solution. Spent laying hens are brutally taken out of the cages, and with broken legs and chests pressed into small boxes for transportation to the slaughter-house. Removing all hens from the cages, transportation, waiting in the slaughter-house and slaughtering all hens is a long and hard-suffering time, which may take 8-10 hours. Hai-Meshek conducted a research, aimed at finding more humane methods of transportation. The findings from other countries were very disappointing. Even in countries having high level of animal welfare, about 30% of the hens arrived at the slaughter-house with broken limbs! The conclusion was that even better method, imposed by legislation, would not solve the problem: it is difficult to detect truck drivers violating the rules and the fine is negligible, compared to the savings by the abovementioned cruel method. The only humane solution is by preventing the transportation and slaughtering on farm. Spent laying hens are not edible, so they need not be slaughtered in the slaughter-house. Hai-Meshek initiated and participated in the development and the building of a facility for the humane killing of spent laying hens on farms. The hens are electrified and die in 1-1.5 seconds. This method costs far less than transportation and slaughtering. The Poultry Council, which takes care to remove spent laying hens from farms, requires contractors to use the facility and they bring it to every farm in Israel. The facility is also used for killing sick flocks. No more transportation of spent laying hens is allowed!","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partnerships for Success: An Evaluation of Head to Toe, a Family Centered Childhood Obesity Intervention that Partners with an Obesity Clinic","authors":"Melody Schaeffer, Claire Cioni, Jill Schnurbusch, Nicole F. Kozma, Sarah Reinhold, N. Garba","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of childhood obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States and as of 2014 its prevalence among children ages two to 19 was 17.0%. Without intervention, obese children are at risk for negative health consequences and for the increased likelihood of staying obese through adulthood. St. Louis Children’s Hospital provides HTT (Head to Toe), an interactive 12-session fitness, nutrition, and social well-being class focuses on adopting healthier lifestyles through daily exercise, and proper nutrition. One program referral method is through a partnership with the hospital’s HSC (Healthy Start Clinic), a multi-disciplinary obesity clinic. Pretest and posttest assessments are used to measure changes in body metrics, health behaviors, knowledge, readiness to change, and self-concept. Between August 2011 and May 2016, 485 children and at least one parent or guardian with them were enrolled in the program, and up to 235 children completed at least one pretestor post-assessment. Analysis determined multiple statistically significant improvements in body metrics, health behaviors, knowledge, including questions related to nutrition and food guidelines, readiness to change assessment, and self-concept. Total knowledge increased by 22%; questions related to nutrition increased by 28.2%, social emotional by 18.9% and physical activity by 17.8%. Findings suggest that the Head to Toe program is effective in improving nutrition, physical activity, social emotional knowledge and behaviors among participants. Childhood obesity is a growing epidemic and creating a relationship with a pediatric obesity clinic can increase the total number of children and teens that are introduced to weight management programs.","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42619360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak Signals and Mind-Sets of Consumers: The Case of Milk","authors":"A. Gere, Ryan Zemel, Petraq Papajorgji, H. Moskowitz","doi":"10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5828/2018.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"We present results from one of a set of studies run in the early 2000’s, which looked at weak signals in terms of what consumers wanted. That study, on milk, revealed four distinct mind-sets, groups of respondents who thought alike. These are: S1 Traditional + Health, S2 Traditional + Healthful Ingredients, S3 Traditional + Indulgent, S4 Listens to Authority, respectively. At that time the focus on foods as the source of health and wellness was just beginning. We show how to discover hitherto new, unexpected mind-sets of respondents, using experimental design of messaging, coupled with deconstruction of these messages by regression, and followed by clustering. We suggest that this approach to messaging consumers using experimental design provides a powerful method to uncover emerging mind-sets in the consumer population.","PeriodicalId":68173,"journal":{"name":"食品科学与工程:英文版(美国)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}