Journal of Thermal Spray Technology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Graphene/Copper Composite Coating on PEEK via Cold Spray with Varied Nozzle Speed","authors":"Qiming Liu,&nbsp;Chunzhi Gong,&nbsp;Changzhuang Zhou,&nbsp;Taoding Liang,&nbsp;Zishuo Hao,&nbsp;Ziyue Wang,&nbsp;Xiubo Tian","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01853-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01853-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PEEK surface copper metallization is widely used in fields such as power, electronics, and new energy. To enhance the mechanical and electrical characteristics of copper coating on PEEK surface further, this study employed a cold spraying deposition technology of graphene-reinforced copper composite coatings. The investigation focused on the properties comparison between composite coatings and pure copper coatings, and systematically studied the influence of nozzle speed within the range of 50–200 mm/s on the structure and properties of composite coatings. Results show that the mechanical and electrical properties of composite coatings are far superior to those of pure copper coatings. And results indicate that at a nozzle speed of 100 mm/s, the composite coating exhibits the densest structure, with a porosity of 0.31% and minimal graphene aggregation, resulting in superior mechanical and electrical properties. Specifically, the friction coefficient is reduced by 46.81% compared to pure copper coating, measuring 0.4046. Additionally, the Vickers hardness of the composite coating reaches 105.96 HV, and its wear rate is 70.59% lower than that of pure copper coating, at 4.32·10⁻⁴ mm³/N·m. Furthermore, the conductivity peaks at 1.295·10⁵ S/cm, representing a 38.77%, increase over pure copper coating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2209 - 2226"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic of the Liquid Injection Behavior in the Case of Axial Suspension Plasma Spray (ASPS)","authors":"Maxime Gaudin,&nbsp;Simon Goutier,&nbsp;Geoffroy Rivaud,&nbsp;Aurélien Joulia,&nbsp;Emilie Béchade,&nbsp;Alan Kéromnès","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01856-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01856-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In thermal spraying, controlling particles injection into the plasma plume is crucial and different injection techniques could be used, in particular axial injection. Understanding the impact of axial injection parameters (co-injector gas flow rate and suspension feed rate) is an essential factor in optimizing the coating processes and thus controlling the coating microstructure. Optical (shadowgraphy and particle image velocimetry) and thermal (hot zone length) diagnostics highlighted that the co-injector gas used on the Axial III Plus torch in Suspension Plasma Spraying had no positive effect on suspension atomization and treatment. In the absence of plasma gases, increasing the co-injector gas flow rate significantly improves suspension atomization. However, this benefit is not maintained in the presence of plasma jet because the co-injector gas constricts the suspension in the center of the plasma jet, delaying fragmentation and decreasing particle velocity in the plasma plume. Nevertheless, as the co-injector gas variations are minimal compared to the plasma gas flow, the influence on the microstructure remains relatively low, for example in thermal barrier coating applications. It is recommended to use the lowest possible co-injector gas flow rate to minimize its effect on the kinetic treatment of the particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"34 2-3","pages":"753 - 764"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11666-024-01856-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of ZnO-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings on PEEK Made by Hybrid Plasma Spraying Process for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Jun Xu,&nbsp;Andreas Pfuch,&nbsp;Thomas Seemann,&nbsp;Frank Froehlich,&nbsp;Martina Schweder,&nbsp;Thomas Lampke","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01841-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01841-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to its similar Young’s modulus to bone, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) shows potential as an alternative to metallic implants, avoiding the stress-shielding effect. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings promote bone growth on the implant surface, while zinc oxide acts as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to develop functional coatings on PEEK that simultaneously stimulate bone growth and exhibit antibacterial properties. ZnO-doped HAp coatings were applied to PEEK using a powder mixture of ZnO/HAp and hybrid process (atmospheric plasma spraying and solution precursor plasma spraying). With powder mixtures, the ZnO content in the coatings could be determined without phase change, with nearly half of the initial ZnO powder lost. Meanwhile, using hybrid methods, the aerosol precursor zinc nitrate couldn’t fully convert into zinc oxide, resulting in the presence of intermediate zinc hydroxynitrate (up to 39.38%) in the as-sprayed coatings. Subsequently, the zinc hydroxynitrate could be converted to zinc oxide after heat treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2475 - 2494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shot Peening-Assisted Cold Spray-Enabling ‘Helium Performance’ with Nitrogen","authors":"Nickolas H. Sotiropoulos,&nbsp;Isaac M. Nault,&nbsp;Adolfo A. Blassino,&nbsp;Michael B. Nicholas","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01854-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01854-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the effect of an in situ shot peening and cold spraying process for depositing niobium using nitrogen gas was studied and compared to that of traditional niobium sprayed using helium gas. The samples were evaluated using Vickers hardness indentation and defect analysis to compare the mechanical properties and microstructure of the shot-peened samples with that of the helium-sprayed samples. During this study, a mathematical model was proposed to effectively predict the amount of shot peening required to achieve a specific increase in sample hardness. A novel means of using two cold spray systems was also proposed to obtain a better level of control during the shot-peening process. It was found during this study that in situ shot peening can be used to increase the as-sprayed hardness and density of nitrogen-sprayed niobium cold spray deposits to levels comparable to niobium cold sprayed using helium gas. This offers a potential means to transition away from the use of helium gas without sacrificing material properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2262 - 2277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Optimizing Cold Spray Parameters for High Entropy Alloy Coatings Using Taguchi and Box–Behnken Design Approaches for Mechanically Alloyed Powder","authors":"Deepak Sharma,&nbsp;Dibakor Boruah,&nbsp;Ahamed Ameen,&nbsp;Ali Alperen Bakir,&nbsp;Shiladitya Paul","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01850-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01850-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2298 - 2300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11666-024-01850-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Binding Energies on Required Process Conditions in Aerosol Deposition","authors":"Bahman Daneshian,&nbsp;Frank Gärtner,&nbsp;Hamid Assadi,&nbsp;Daniel Höche,&nbsp;Thomas Klassen,&nbsp;Wolfgang E. Weber","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01842-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01842-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the high interest in aerosol deposition in order to form high-quality coatings by solid-state impact, there is an increasing demand for developing general guidelines to estimate needed particle velocities and thus process parameter sets for successful deposition of ceramic materials. By using modeling approaches, rather different material properties in first instance can be expressed in terms of binding energies. Needed velocities for possible bonding can then derived by impact simulations and compared to experimental results from the literature. In order to study the role of binding energy on the impact behavior of ceramic particles in aerosol deposition, a molecular dynamics study is presented. Single-particle impacts are simulated for a range of binding energies, particle sizes and impact velocities. The results show that increasing the binding energy from 0.22 to 0.96 eV results in up to three times higher characteristic velocities corresponding to the threshold of bonding or grain size-dependent fragmentation of the particles. However, regardless of the binding energy, exceeding the characteristic velocities results in a similar deformation and fragmentation pattern. This allows for a general representation of the impact behavior as a function of normalized impact velocity for different ceramic materials. Apart from dealing with prerequisites for bonding of different materials by aerosol deposition, this study could also be generally relevant to the high-velocity deformation behavior of ceramics with different grain sizes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2301 - 2322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11666-024-01842-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Speed Laser Cladded Ni-Based WC Coatings: Microstructure, Friction-Wear Property and Wear Mechanism","authors":"Zhang Kaiwei,&nbsp;Kong Dejun","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01849-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01849-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ni60WC coatings were prepared on 45 steel by laser cladding with different scanning speeds, and the effects of laser scanning speed on the microstructure, phases and hardness were analyzed using a super-depth field microscopy, x-ray diffraction and microhardness tester. The tribological performance of Ni60WC coatings fabricated at the different scanning speeds was analyzed using a ball-on-disc wear tester, and the wear mechanism was discussed. The results show that the hardness of Ni60WC coating fabricated at the laser scanning speeds of 50, 60 and 70 mm/s is 1475.0 ± 129, 1564.9 ± 117 and 1527.2 ± 140 HV_0.5, respectively, showing the coating hardness fabricated at the laser scanning speed of 60 mm/s is the highest. The average coefficients of friction of Ni60WC coatings fabricated at the laser scanning speeds of 50, 60 and 70 mm/s are 0.297, 0.344 and 0.440, respectively, and the corresponding wear rates are 949.2, 854.6 and 881.4 μm³s⁻¹N⁻¹, respectively, showing that the wear resistance of Ni60WC coating fabricated at the laser scanning speed of 60 mm/s is the best. The wear mechanism of Ni60WC coating is combined of abrasive wear and adhesive wear, which is attributed to the WC particle with the high hardness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2367 - 2379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution Medium Suspension Plasma Spray (SMSPS): A Microstructure and High-Temperature Properties Analysis of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coating","authors":"Amir Kebriyaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Rez Rahimipour,&nbsp;Mansour Razavi","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01848-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01848-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Suspension plasma spray (SPS) and solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) are advanced thermal spraying techniques that enable creation of the coatings with desirable properties. In both techniques, it is necessary to entrain the liquid feedstock into the thermal jet so that it can be effectively transformed into oxide particles. In this study, the suspension containing 3wt.% solid load of 40 nm ZrO₂-7%Y₂O₃ (7YSZ) powder with a medium of zirconium acetate-yttrium nitrate solution (instead of an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent) was used as titled solution medium suspension plasma spray (SMSPS) to produce the YSZ thermal barrier coating (TBC). The microstructure of SMSPS coating exhibited a columnar structure, with an inter-columnar spacing of approximately 5 microns. This columnar structure was attributed to the trajectory of nano-sized particles being affected by the plasma jet and their deposition at shallow angles on surface asperities, resulting in shadowing effect. The presence of vertical cracks within some of the columns in the microstructure of SMSPS coating was similar to the structure observed in SPPS coatings, highlighting the unique nature of this TBC structure. The oxidation testing at 1000°C for 12, 50, 120, and 250 hours revealed the formation of a thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer consisting of aluminum oxide and mixed oxides. The TGO layer growth rate was initially high, but then significantly decreased during the diffusion-controlled and steady-state stages of the test. It was found that the inter-columnar spacing in the coating facilitated oxygen diffusion, resulting in an accelerated oxidation of the bond coat during the initial stages. In addition, the SMSPS coating exhibited an average life of 753 cycles in 1-hours, 1000 ˚C thermal cycling test. The failure mechanism observed involved insular collapsing of adjacent clusters due to crack propagation which was attributed to the presence of vertical cracks and the columnar structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2395 - 2407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological Behavior of Atmospheric Plasma-Sprayed Cu-Ni Coatings","authors":"Martin Asuquo,&nbsp;Rakesh B. Nair,&nbsp;Mostafa Fotoohinezhadkhales,&nbsp;Ali Akbarnozari,&nbsp;Pantcho Stoyanov,&nbsp;Christian Moreau","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01843-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01843-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) copper-nickel-based coatings are commonly used for the prevention of fretting wear of components in aerospace engines. In this study, Cu-Ni alloy was deposited using plasma spraying on different substrate materials such as stainless steel, carbon steel, and aluminum alloy to investigate the influence of the substrate materials as well as the performance (mechanical and tribological behavior) of the coatings. Microstructural studies revealed a homogeneous microstructure with the presence of splats for coatings deposited on each substrate. The porosity and microhardness of coatings deposited on each substrate were found to be within the range of (1.22 ± 0.27-1.65 ± 0.33%) and (117 ± 10-136 ± 23 HV_0.05), respectively. The tribology results also showed an increase in the frictional coefficient for each substrate from 0.41 at 25° to 0.73 at 300 °C. However, a steady state was not obtained at 450 °C. Similarly, the wear rates of coatings for each substrate increased from 300 to 450 °C test conditions, with no significant wear obtained at 25 °C. The results showed that the substrate materials had no significant effect on the performance of the coatings, as the thickness, porosity, surface roughness, and microhardness of coatings for each substrate material were comparable with no remarkable difference.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2447 - 2462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11666-024-01843-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Analysis of Cold Spraying Polymer-Coated Metallic Particles on Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Substrates","authors":"Nicholas B. Mennie,&nbsp;Nand K. Singh,&nbsp;Isaac Nault,&nbsp;Francis M. Haas,&nbsp;Behrad Koohbor","doi":"10.1007/s11666-024-01847-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11666-024-01847-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are prominent structural components in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and wind energy. These materials are considered due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and relative ease of fabrication. However, fiber composites possess low electrical and thermal conductivities and are prone to impact-induced damage. Metallization of fiber-reinforced polymer composites has become an area of interest as a means to prevent abrasive and corrosive damage while also improving other physical properties including thermal and electrical conductivity. The possibility of using cold spray as a novel composite metallization approach has been investigated in this work. The significance of cold spray for metallization is due to relatively low process temperatures which effectively protect the underlaid substrate from potential temperature degradation. As a practical approach to further reduce the possibility of cold spray-induced damage, the present study explores the impact and failure mechanics of metal particles coated with a thin polymeric shell, hence the term polymer-coated metal particle. The thorough model-based analyses presented herein indicate that the so-called polymer-coated metal particles can be cold spray deposited without imposing significant damage to the composite substrate mainly due to the ‘cushioning’ effect of the thin polymer shell. The results discussed here also provide guidelines for the surface metallization of high-performance fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites in practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":679,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Spray Technology","volume":"33 7","pages":"2227 - 2241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11666-024-01847-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}