Journal of the Indian Institute of Science最新文献

{"title":"ASTRA/CST Contributions Towards Developing Low Carbon Alternative Building Technologies","authors":"B. V. Venkatarama Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00441-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00441-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper focuses on review of developments in low carbon building technologies since the inception of ASTRA/CST. Five decades of R&amp;D and dissemination of alternative building technologies has been traced in three phases. The narrative highligts many building technologies developed, R&amp;D work through doctoral programmes and sponsored research, capacity building and design of special courses. The impact of the low-C technologies on the construction industry, emission reduction and public investment on these technologies have been highlighted. The ASTRA/CST work ultimately resulted in over 4 million tonnes of carbon emission reductions. Apart from training many building professionals and the work provinded innovative topics for the doctoral reseach programmes at Indian Institute of Science.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"325 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“PFAS” Exploring the Origins, Impact, Regulations and Remediation Technologies—An Overview","authors":"Reshmi Das,&nbsp;J. Ananthanarasimhan,&nbsp;Lakshminarayana Rao","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00442-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00442-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PFAS, ubiquitous in various industrial and consumer products, poses significant environmental and health concerns due to their persistence and bio-accumulative nature. This review hence discusses sources, potential exposure pathways, ecological and health impacts of PFAS. The review further explores various PFAS degradation and removal technologies, including bioremediation, chemical oxidation, advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, membrane filtration, plasma-based degradation, thermal treatment, and hydrolysis, highlighting their potential applications in addressing PFAS contamination. It is observed that significant obstacle is the inefficiency of many technologies in eliminating short-chain PFAS, which are more environmentally stable than long-chain counterparts, raising concerns about converting long-chain PFAS into short-chain forms, during degradation process. Moreover, thorough toxicological assessments are crucial to verify the effectiveness of each technology and prevent the generation of new PFAS or toxic byproducts during treatment. Currently, there exists a pressing societal demand exists to explore affordable and environmentally safe PFAS degradation technologies, minimizing negative environmental repercussions, and being feasible for large-scale field applications. Also, there is a need to establish maximum allowable contamination level data for PFAS in drinking water, treated water for reuse and soil, for Indian context. Overall, this review provides insights into understanding PFAS contamination issues and highlights the potential of degradation technologies in addressing this pressing environmental challenge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"827 - 840"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dumpsite Remediation Through Landfill Mining and Rehabilitation: A Circular Economy Perspective","authors":"Anusree Nalladiyil,&nbsp;G. L. Sivakumar Babu","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00445-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00445-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dumpsite remediation has become a crucial aspect of sustainable waste management. This study reviews the current state of knowledge on dumpsite remediation, identifying key gaps in the literature. It explores site investigation, characterization of dumpsites, and remediation techniques, with a focus on dumpsite mining and rehabilitation measures. In the context of dumpsite mining, the study examines the potential recoverable fractions, challenges in recyclability and processing, and the economic aspects of mining operations. For rehabilitation, it discusses the importance of slope stabilization, leachate and gas management, and long-term monitoring strategies. Given the lack of specific criteria for selecting appropriate remediation methods based on site requirements, the study proposes criteria for choosing sustainable approaches. Additionally, case studies are reviewed to demonstrate the successful application of dumpsite remediation for environmental protection and containment, as well as the potential of mining to generate value-added products within a circular economy perspective. However, challenges observed in the case studies, such as heterogeneous waste composition, technological limitations, and economic viability, present significant barriers. The study suggests that overcoming these challenges requires legislative support, infrastructure development, and stakeholder collaboration. The paper concludes with recommendations for advancing circular economy solutions, emphasizing the need for integrated waste management, innovative technologies, and cooperative efforts to achieve sustainable waste management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"489 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste-Derived Catalysts for Sustainable Biodiesel Production: Current Status on Catalyst Development and Future Prospectives","authors":"Ripsa Rani Nayak,&nbsp;Hafila S. Khairun,&nbsp;Rajat Singhal,&nbsp;A. V. S. L. Sai Bharadwaj,&nbsp;Navneet Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00439-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00439-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extensive use of fossil resources in fuel production, leading to the emission of high levels of anthropogenic gases and atmospheric degradation, is a cause for concern. Consequently, exploring substitutes for fossil fuels and renewable raw materials in the production of sustainable fuels has become a critical area of research. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been dedicated to researching renewable and eco-friendly fuels from diverse sources. A prominent avenue of investigation involves biodiesel production from fats and oils through the uncomplicated process of transesterification, utilizing acid–base catalysts. The design of these catalysts is pivotal, not only for ensuring efficient conversion but also for achieving high biodiesel selectivity and enhancing the techno-economics of the process. Strategic selection of raw materials, such as non-edible fats and oils, is crucial to elevate the process's importance and mitigate potential conflicts between food and fuel resources. Furthermore, catalyst design and synthesis play a crucial role in refining the biodiesel production process. Particularly, catalysts derived from waste, featuring precise active sites, are recognized as important tools for achieving enhanced catalyst activity at reduced costs. Therefore, this review examines the trajectory of catalyst development for biodiesel production from various feedstocks, with a primary focus on the design of waste-derived catalytic nanostructured materials for sustainable development. It is anticipated that this review will provide insights into the next generation of sustainable biodiesel production methods.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"841 - 868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing Urine Diversion for Sustainable (Waste)Water Management: Common Practices, Advantages, and Challenges","authors":"Soni Kumari,&nbsp;Sreenivasan Ramaswami","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00438-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00438-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Source-separation of urine (urine diversion) is a well-established concept with proven sanitation benefits, promoting sustainable (waste)water management and circular economy, gaining increased attention worldwide. Although urine comprises only 1% in municipal wastewater by volume, it mostly accounts for nutrient loads in wastewater (85–90% of N, 50–80% of P, and 80–90% of K). Source-separation of urine: improves sanitation, conserves water, can partly substitute synthetic fertilizers in agriculture, and reduces energy and space requirements at wastewater treatment plants. This paper reviews the developments in source separation and valorization of urine, its benefits, methods for treatment, and challenges for implementation. Further, implications of source-separation of urine in Indian context (as an example of developing/emerging economy) is highlighted.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"555 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration and Quantification of Resilience and Sustainability in Engineering Projects","authors":"Krishna R. Reddy,&nbsp;Jagadeesh Kumar Janga,&nbsp;Gaurav Verma,&nbsp;Banuchandra Nagaraja","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00440-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00440-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrating resilience and sustainability into engineering projects from their inception is more crucial now than ever. Our world is grappling with environmental challenges and socio-economic uncertainties, heightened by risks such as climate change impacts, population growth, resource depletion, urban sprawl, and social injustice, among others. A unified framework capable of quantifying and integrating these aspects into engineering projects is essential to address these challenges effectively. Despite the importance, there is a scarcity of frameworks tailored for this purpose, while existing industry rating tools are often subjective and have limitations in integrating these concepts effectively. A general integrated sustainability and resilience assessment framework (named Tiered Quantitative Assessment of Life Cycle Sustainability and Resilience (TQUALICSR)) was developed at the University of Illinois Chicago to bridge this gap. However, the potential of such a framework has not been fully realized in past studies as they are confined to specific techniques, methods, and tools, limiting the applicability of the proposed framework for diverse engineering projects. The primary aim of the current study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the proposed framework and offer alternative tool options for each stage of the assessment process. We begin with a thorough review of definitions of resilience and sustainability concepts, establishing functional definitions for broader use. The proposed general framework classifies the variables related to resilience and sustainability into quantitative (Tier 3), semi-quantitative (Tier 2), or qualitative (Tier 1) variables, providing flexibility based on data availability. The integrated assessment starts with a robust resilience assessment, incorporating elements such as functionality curves for technical resilience quantification and cascading environmental, social, and economic impacts as other necessary dimensions of resilience. Subsequently, resilient design alternatives resulting from the resilience assessment undergo a comprehensive sustainability assessment that considers all three triple bottom-line aspects of sustainability, using various tiers of variables and tools as available/suitable. The quantified variables then face the challenge of integration and decision-making as these variables often differ in units of measurement and magnitudes. To address this, we discuss various normalization techniques, weighing methodologies, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools, outlining their principles, procedures, advantages, and drawbacks. By delineating the phases of the proposed framework and presenting diverse tool options, engineers can select the most suitable techniques for their projects and perform an integrated quantification of resilience and sustainability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"435 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recirculating Aquaculture System and Nitrification: A Review","authors":"Saquib Sarosh,&nbsp;Rajeswari M. Kulkarni,&nbsp;Esha Varma,&nbsp;S. P. Sirivibha,&nbsp;Sreenivasan Ramaswami","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00443-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00443-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaculture or aquatic farming is an important source of food, nutrition, and livelihood globally. Conventional farming techniques are limited by low yields, are water intensive and cause nutrient pollution. Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), wherein water is treated and reused (recirculated), provides up to 100 times higher yields and is well-known to be a sustainable farming technique. This paper discusses the merits and challenges of RAS and reviews the different processes applied for the treatment of water—including solids removal, ammonia removal and disinfection—in RAS. Since, ammonia generally assumes foremost concern in RAS, this work focuses on nitrification in RAS. Parameters affecting nitrification process and the different types of commonly used reactors have been reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"869 - 892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Management of Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment: Remediation Strategies and Reuse Potential","authors":"Kulkarni Kalyani,&nbsp;G. L. Sivakumar Babu","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00436-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00436-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accumulation of contaminants in aquatic sediments poses a significant threat to ecosystem health and human well-being. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of contaminated sediment management and development of Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG). The paper includes national and international scenario about contaminated sediment issues focusing on the sources, contaminants, and their environmental and economic impacts followed by characterization of contaminated sediments, reference methods, the need and development of sediment quality guidelines. Sediment management includes remediation strategies, remediation processes, discussion about the factors affecting remediation processes and the potential for reusing treated sediments. Further, use of nano remediation with nano Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) and bioremediation process are discussed in detail including advantages, disadvantages, and possible approaches. Valorisation of contaminated sediment is the latest trend and has been discussed with the approaches to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of contaminated dredged sediments, which include consideration of environmental impact and carbon emissions involved in various remediation techniques and a comparison of the same to have an informed decision about the remedial measures to take.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 4","pages":"893 - 917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradigm Shifts in Building Construction Priorities in the Last Decade","authors":"Suchi Priyadarshani,&nbsp;Roshan R. Rao,&nbsp;Monto Mani","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00437-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00437-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Buildings are amongst the fundamental needs to human settlements. Present construction industry accounts for nearly 40% of the global GHG emissions. With the raising concerns due to climate change, and corresponding global temperature rise, sustainable practices in building construction is of paramount importance. This article discusses the developments in building technologies focusing on energy efficiency, low carbon, and comfortable &amp; healthy building practices in the last decade. Areas of key technical advancement, current trends in their application, challenges, and potential future research directions have been discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"341 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starter Article: Multi-Fluid and Fluid–Structure interactions in Biological systems: Computational Methods and Applications","authors":"Gaurav Tomar","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00432-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41745-024-00432-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 1","pages":"9 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145122193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}