{"title":"Embracing Urine Diversion for Sustainable (Waste)Water Management: Common Practices, Advantages, and Challenges","authors":"Soni Kumari, Sreenivasan Ramaswami","doi":"10.1007/s41745-024-00438-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Source-separation of urine (urine diversion) is a well-established concept with proven sanitation benefits, promoting sustainable (waste)water management and circular economy, gaining increased attention worldwide. Although urine comprises only 1% in municipal wastewater by volume, it mostly accounts for nutrient loads in wastewater (85–90% of N, 50–80% of P, and 80–90% of K). Source-separation of urine: improves sanitation, conserves water, can partly substitute synthetic fertilizers in agriculture, and reduces energy and space requirements at wastewater treatment plants. This paper reviews the developments in source separation and valorization of urine, its benefits, methods for treatment, and challenges for implementation. Further, implications of source-separation of urine in Indian context (as an example of developing/emerging economy) is highlighted.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":675,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","volume":"104 2","pages":"555 - 569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of the Indian Institute of Science","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41745-024-00438-4","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Source-separation of urine (urine diversion) is a well-established concept with proven sanitation benefits, promoting sustainable (waste)water management and circular economy, gaining increased attention worldwide. Although urine comprises only 1% in municipal wastewater by volume, it mostly accounts for nutrient loads in wastewater (85–90% of N, 50–80% of P, and 80–90% of K). Source-separation of urine: improves sanitation, conserves water, can partly substitute synthetic fertilizers in agriculture, and reduces energy and space requirements at wastewater treatment plants. This paper reviews the developments in source separation and valorization of urine, its benefits, methods for treatment, and challenges for implementation. Further, implications of source-separation of urine in Indian context (as an example of developing/emerging economy) is highlighted.
期刊介绍：
Started in 1914 as the second scientific journal to be published from India, the Journal of the Indian Institute of Science became a multidisciplinary reviews journal covering all disciplines of science, engineering and technology in 2007. Since then each issue is devoted to a specific topic of contemporary research interest and guest-edited by eminent researchers. Authors selected by the Guest Editor(s) and/or the Editorial Board are invited to submit their review articles; each issue is expected to serve as a state-of-the-art review of a topic from multiple viewpoints.
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