2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)最新文献

{"title":"History and Latest Advances in Flow Estimation Technology: From 1-D in 2-D to 3-D in 4-D","authors":"J. Jensen, Marie Sand Traberg, Tin-Quoc Nguyen, E. Thomsen, Niels Bent Larsen, C. Beers, B. Tomov, M. Bachmann Nielsen, S. Ivanov Nikolov, K. Hansen, Matthias Bo Stuart, C. V. Villagómez Hoyos, Mikkel Schou, M. L. Ommen, Sigrid Husebø Øygard, L. Jørgensen","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926210","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound imaging of flow has seen a tremendous development over the last sixty years from 1-D spectral displays to color flow mapping and the latest Vector Flow Imaging (VFI). The paper gives an overview of the development from current commercial vector flow systems to the latest advances in fast 4-D volumetric visualizations. It includes a description of the radical break with the current sequential data acquisition by the introduction of synthetic aperture imaging, where the whole region of interest is insonified using either spherical or plane waves also known as ultrafast imaging. This makes it possible to track flow continuously in all directions at frame rates of thousands of images per second. The latest research translates this to full volumetric imaging by employing matrix arrays and row-column arrays for full 3-D vector velocity estimation at all spatial points visualized at very high volume rates (4-D).","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"1041-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85465133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quartz Crystal Resonators with Electrodes of Conductive Polymers","authors":"Yangyang Zhang, Lubo Xu, Xingzhong Fang, Xi-xi Wang, Ju-lian Shen, Hao Tian, Ji Wang","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925795","url":null,"abstract":"Quartz crystal resonators are widely used in today’s communication devices and systems as the essential enabler of signal processing with ubiquitous applications. The devices with metal electrodes are working well until recent years when the size of resonators is shrunk to such a degree that the metal density and consequently the gravimetric effect which causes frequency shift is considered to be avoided. With this objective, we began testing of conductive polymers as new materials for electrodes. With the conductive polymer PEDOT/ PSS electrodes processed by a simple procedure, samples of quartz crystal resonator with polymer electrodes are made. Through a standard testing procedure, it is found that basically the resonator samples are usable with distinctive parameters. For instance, with the same crystal blank, the resonator by polymer electrodes has a resistance about 20 times of the one with metal electrodes, and the quality factor is also about 20th, as expected. Also the resonance frequency is higher due to less gravimetric effect. Clearly, the concept of polymer electrodes have been proven and future efforts will be on the improvement of the polymer materials and processing technique for acceptable properties and performances.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1670-1673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76680177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conformable Row-Column Ultrasound Arrays for Abdominal Imaging","authors":"Jian-yu Lu, Xiaoning Jiang","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926153","url":null,"abstract":"Fully-addressable two-dimensional (2D) array ultrasound transducers have issues such as a large number of elements, difficult to interconnect with an imaging system, high acoustic impedance of each array element which leads to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and high cost for medical ultrasound imaging systems, especially, for a 2D array of a size close to 300 mm by 300 mm with more than one million elements for imaging of a large area such as the abdomen of big patients and pregnant women. Despite the issues above, an array of a large size is necessary to reconstruct a large 3D volumetric image for artificial intelligent (AI) assisted medical diagnoses with minimal human interventions, which is especially desirable in countries or areas where there are few highly trained medical professionals to operate ultrasound imaging systems.To address the issues associated with large fully-addressable 2D array transducers, row-column (RC) arrays have been proposed to reduce the number of elements of the 2D arrays and reduce the acoustic impedance of each array element to increase SNR.Although a RC array can address some issues of the fully-addressable 2D arrays and simplify the imaging system greatly, the array must be rigid to avoid introducing phase aberrations due to deformation of the array. To solve the problem, in this paper, 36 sub-arrays of 25.6 mm by 25.6 mm each are proposed to form a large conformable RC array of a size of about 281.6 mm by 281.6 mm. To simplify the imaging system by further reducing the number of elements, a 25.6-mm gap filled with flexible materials between the sub-arrays is introduced. To cover the space between the sub-arrays in imaging, a 2D acoustic lens of 30o divergence is applied to each sub-array. To determine the position of each sub-array in the space for image reconstruction, 3 markers are placed on each sub-array to allow a position-reading camera to determine the position of the sub-array.Computer simulation with limited-diffraction array beam method was performed to calculate the ultrasound fields produced by a sub-array and the results show that the beam width of each sub-array of 2.5-MHz center frequency is about 2.6 mm at a depth of 70 mm and 0° steering angle. Thus, the pulse-echo beam dimension is about 2.6 mm by 2.6 mm in the plane that is perpendicular to the ultrasound wave propagation.This demonstrates that the proposed RC array is capable of 3D imaging of a large volume for AI-assisted medical diagnoses with minimal human intervention. Although, as compared to the fully-addressable 2D arrays, the RC arrays can only focus in one dimension in both transmission and reception, leading to lower image resolution and higher sidelobe (reduced image contrast), the proposed RC array is a good compromise and make it feasible for intelligent imaging of a large area such as the abdomen of big patients or pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"122 1","pages":"1753-1756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78570643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SoC-based fully configurable point-of-care ultrasound system for research purposes","authors":"C. J. Martín-Arguedas","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926191","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a point-of-care ultrasound research system. It is composed by an analog front-end with 16 arbitrary waveform emitters and 16 low noise receivers that can be connected to arrays with up to 128 transducers. The system is controlled with a commercial SoC board, based on ZYNQ device, where the beamforming is implemented. Data are transferred via WiFi to a mobile platform for displaying.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"41 1","pages":"815-817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85556841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Vascular Markers of Diabetic Disease Progression Through Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound","authors":"Rachel E. White, K. Kavanagh, Chrissy Sherrill, B. Uberseder, M. Bikdash, J. Bain, E. Chang, Kennita A. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926310","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic disease progression, resulting in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) increases the risk of kidney failure and is a strong predictor for patient mortality. Early detection of DKD could mitigate risks associated with DKD progression, but currently there are no well-established markers that serve this purpose. Healthy, insulin-resistant, and diabetic non-human primates (vervets) were imaged using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to quantify kidney perfusion and evaluate CEUS as an early detection method. Time-intensity curve (TIC) data generated by capturing microbubble perfusion in the kidney were collected along with data on vervet demographics. The wash-out slope (WOS) for diabetic vervets was significantly steeper than the WOS for healthy vervets (p < 0.05), indicating faster microbubble clearance from the kidney in diabetic vervets. Furthermore, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were significantly different between healthy and diabetic vervets (p < 0.0001), which may relate to the differences seen in WOS. Other TIC metrics, such as area under the curve (AUC) and peak enhancement (PE) did not reveal significant differences between groups. Overall, CEUS shows potential as a method for detecting changes in blood perfusion that are indicative of DKD progression, but further research is necessary to address current limitations with the technique.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"422 1","pages":"1334-1337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77785230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustable acoustic pattern controlled by \"Acoustic mirrors\"","authors":"Zhaoxi Li, Chunlong Fei, Di Li, Dongdong Chen, Qifa Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926162","url":null,"abstract":"The controlled coupling of acoustic field is widely used in medical treatment, neuromodulation, particle manipulation, and biological imaging. Nowadays, phased arrays and acoustic lenses of design structures are two ways of controlling the ultrasound field. However, the disadvantages of the two methods are that phased arrays are complex in structure by adjusting parameters of each array element and acoustic lenses have limited flexibility when the design is complete. We designed report a new way for acoustic pattern control by using adjustable \"Acoustic mirror\". The principle is that two symmetric mirrors change the propagation of the sound generated by piezoelectric material and achieve interference enhancement in the target area. The 2D \"Acoustic mirror\" model is implemented in COMSOL and actual model build by 3D printed technology verify the simulation result. The acoustic intensity generated by piezoelectric material at various lateral and longitudinal locations along the focus can be precisely controlled by two adjustable mirrors. The focal depth varies from 39mm to 140mm while the angel of the mirror changes from 30° to 40°. Moreover, the focal position can be adjusted in a fan area with a center angle of 60°.The \"Acoustic mirror\" shows good control of sound field of ultrasonic transducer, which is simple and flexible. It suggests a new method for ultrasonic field control which may have broad application in the future.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"2624-2627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72856833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of XBAR resonance and higher order spurious modes","authors":"S. Yandrapalli, V. Plessky, J. Koskela, V. Yantchev, P. Turner, L. Villanueva","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925993","url":null,"abstract":"A suspended 400nm thin mono-crystalline ZY cut Lithium Niobate (LN) membrane with narrow interdigital electrodes (IDEs) on top having a pitch of the order of few microns excites standing shear bulk acoustic wave resonance (XBAR) within the membrane through lateral field excitation. Recently the first XBAR was simulated and demonstrated experimentally with a resonance frequency of 4800MHz having high electromechanical coupling of about 25% and loaded quality factor at resonance close to 500.This device lays the path to production of RF filters for 5G applications close to 5GHz with low losses and large bandwidth. This work aims to study behavior of the A1 XBAR mode and its higher order lateral harmonics (A1-3, A1-5…) as a function of thickness, pitch and material properties. They are studied with respect to design parameters in order to eliminate spurious modes close to the intended filter band, increase electromechanical coupling and establish guidelines for resonator design.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"185-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79916830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical modeling method of thermal spreading resistance in BAW filters","authors":"M. González-Rodríguez, J. Mateu, C. Collado, J. M. González-Arbesú, R. Aigner","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925704","url":null,"abstract":"As the power requirements in BAW filters steadily increase, thermal behaviour emerges as a key asset to ensure device performance and reliability. Under these conditions, self-heating mechanisms drive to possible situations where the filters no longer meet the electrical specifications. In addition to that, the evaluation of the heat spreading might help to define the resonators and pillars distribution along with the overall performance of current BAW filters. In the past, numerical methods based on FEM have been used to study the temperature distribution under high-power (HP) signals, lacking efficiency in terms of computational time. The motivation of this work is to describe an analytical method that is able to simulate very fast, without the need of costly FEM simulation, the heat spreading in a filter according to the spatial distribution of the resonators.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"1707-1710"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80325983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Reversal Signal Processing for Ultrasonic Communication through Metal Channels","authors":"Xin Huang, J. Saniie, S. Bakhtiari, A. Heifetz","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926138","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving a high bitrate (BR) and low bit error rate (BER) in ultrasonic communication through solids are challenging due to bit-wavelet spreading caused by the channel dispersion, attenuation, and multipath effect. This undesirable effect is more pronounced particularly in irregular shape channels like an elbow pipe and bent or warped plates. Time-reversal (TR) signal processing is a promising technique which can compress the spreading of the bit-wavelet and concentrate the signal energy for improving the communication BR. In this study, we examined the performance of the TR technique applied to the elbow shape pipe channel using piezoelectric transducers (PZT) and steel plate channel using electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). This paper presents an overview of the system design of the TR processing for ultrasonic communication. By comparing the signal- to-noise ratio (SNR) of different pulse duration for generating the TR signal, we determined the optimal pulse duration to be used as one-bit information. An experimental model is used to demonstrate the performance of TR method for ultrasonic communication through complex metal channels. Furthermore, results show the pulse-position modulation (PPM) is highly effective for improving BER in complex channels with severe dispersion, attenuation, and multipath effects.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"623-626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82281523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of a New Design Concept for Wide-Band Hybrid Ladder Filters","authors":"Michael Wagner, T. Gossmann, Jakob Tomasik, R. Weigel, A. Hagelauer","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925929","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new design concept for wide-band hybrid ladder filters is investigated. The concept enables manipulation of the fixed behavior and limited electromechanical coupling coefficient (keff2) of acoustic-wave resonators by additional lumped-element resonators. This hybrid approach allows for resonance spreading of single acoustic-wave resonators, which corresponds to an increased keff2. An illustration of the concept is given, as well as an example for the application to wide-band filter design. Measurements of one of two proposed basic structures show an effective increase of keff2 by a factor of more than 4, demonstrating that the concept is feasible in practice.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"2564-2567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82514314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}