{"title":"Complimentary code keying of spectral amplitude coding signals in optical buffering with increased capacity","authors":"Kai-Sheng Chen, Wien Hong","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00135-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00135-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Signal buffering services such as contention resolution and congestion avoidance are essential in optical packet switching networks. In this paper, an optical memory scheme based on spectral amplitude coding (SAC) and complementary code keying (CCK) is proposed to increase the buffer capacity. CCK is applied to packet buffering by selecting an available code set and encoding the payload bits with either an SAC signal or its complementarity. The capacity constraint is effectively released, as the usable codes for queuing packets are twice those for the conventional code-domain buffers. To minimize system costs by reducing the codec number, a shared structure based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), which is capable of processing both the typical and complimentary coded signals simultaneously, is also investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41476-020-00135-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4127633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Yuan, Xiaorui Wang, Yang Yang, Hang Yuan, Chao Zhang, Zhenshun Zhao
{"title":"Full-chain modeling and performance analysis of integral imaging three-dimensional display system","authors":"Ying Yuan, Xiaorui Wang, Yang Yang, Hang Yuan, Chao Zhang, Zhenshun Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00134-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00134-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The full-chain system performance characterization is very important for the optimization design of an integral imaging three-dimensional (3D) display system. In this paper, the acquisition and display processes of 3D scene will be treated as a complete light field information transmission process. The full-chain performance characterization model of an integral imaging 3D display system is established, which uses the 3D voxel, the image depth, and the field of view of the reconstructed images as the 3D display quality evaluation indicators. Unlike most of the previous research results using the ideal integral imaging model, the proposed full-chain performance characterization model considering the diffraction effect and optical aberration of the microlens array, the sampling effect of the detector, 3D image data scaling, and the human visual system, can accurately describe the actual 3D light field transmission and convergence characteristics. The relationships between key parameters of an integral imaging 3D display system and the 3D display quality evaluation indicators are analyzed and discussed by the simulation experiment. The results will be helpful for the optimization design of a high-quality integral imaging 3D display system.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41476-020-00134-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5425763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the average secrecy capacity for indoor visible light communication systems","authors":"Jun Zheng Zhang, Ke Ke","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00132-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00132-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For visible light communication (VLC), the light signals are transmitted without optical fibers or any sort of wave-guiding. Due to the inherent broadcast nature, physical-layer security emerges as a promising method to protect information delivery from eavesdropping. As for the secrecy capacity of VLC channel, there exist two features. In one way, the limited optical power makes the common capacity expressions in radio-frequency (RF) communication unapplicable for VLC. In another way, several correlated geometrical parameters directly alters the Lambertian model of indoor VLC channel, which gives the secrecy capacity more meanings. However, the issue considering both aspects has not been studied recently. In this paper, from the practical scenarios, we extract a typical geometrical model to reveal the mobility principles of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdroppers. Then, we character two typical distributions of the geometrical parameter. Correspondingly, we derive the upper and lower bounds on the average secrecy capacity, which have the closed forms. Finally, simulation results show that our upper and lower bounds are tight at high optical signal-to-noise rates (OSNRs). Moreover, the geometrical features of VLC systems and distribution parameters of the receiver mobility are effectively reveal by the bounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4770720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yufeng Shao, Ying Long, Anrong Wang, Zefu Tan, Guoping Lei, Zhengquan Hu, Yu Liu, Qinzheng Hu, Zhuang Wang, Jie Yang
{"title":"Research on optical 32QAM-OFDM-PON access scheme with different numbers of sub-carriers using DMT modulation","authors":"Yufeng Shao, Ying Long, Anrong Wang, Zefu Tan, Guoping Lei, Zhengquan Hu, Yu Liu, Qinzheng Hu, Zhuang Wang, Jie Yang","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00131-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00131-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An optical 32QAM-OFDM-PON system with different numbers of sub-carriers using discrete multitone (DMT) modulation and demodulation is designed and demonstrated by experiment. Electron-optic generation, directly photoelectric detection, and electrical self-mixing reception of 32QAM-OFDM downstream signals are achieved. 5Gb/s 32QAM-OFDM downlink signals with different numbers of sub-carriers are successfully transmitted over 42?km SMF-28. Peak-to average power ratio (PAPR) characteristic, computational complexity and bit error rate (BER) performance are analyzed. The results show that the sub-carriers numbers of 32QAM-OFDM downlink signals should be carefully selected according to the actual requirements, if spectral efficiency, PAPR characteristic, computational complexity and receiver sensitivity are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41476-020-00131-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4269625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construct freeform surface directly in an initial layout of an off-axis reflective image system by seed curve extension and simulated annealing algorithm","authors":"Hongxiang Pan, Zhouping Su, Yangliu Zhang, Tao Wu","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00130-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00130-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, a method of how to construct a freeform surface directly in an off-axis reflective image system is proposed. The method includes both the seed curve extension algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm. Firstly, the sample points on the unkown freeform surface were be obtained quickly by the seed curve extension algorithm. Then the continuity of the freeform surface is evaluated by calculating the angle between the normal vectors at the adjacent sample points. At last the freeform surface was fitted to an extended polynomials using simulated annealing algorithm. The method is employed to construct a freeform surface directly which is used as a primary mirror in an initial layout of an off-axis two-mirror system.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41476-020-00130-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4740688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial localization of hotspots in Fano-resonant plasmonic oligomers for surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering","authors":"Arpan Dutta, Erik M. Vartiainen","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00128-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00128-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Realization of Fano resonance in plasmonic oligomers is often exploited to design efficient plasmonic substrates for surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. Disk-type Fano-resonant plasmonic oligomers are widely used to enhance the Raman signal of the probe material. Generally, hot spots are generated in those oligomers at different spatial locations at different wavelengths and only a few spatially overlapping hot spots at multiple wavelengths can be achieved with oblique incidence of excitation light. In this work, we proposed hexagonal gold nanoparticle based Fano-resonant plasmonic oligomers that can yield higher number of spatially overlapped hot spots compared to the disk type oligomers even with the normal incidence of excitation light. The oligomers were numerically modelled and optimized for surface-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering with 780?nm pumping and 500–1800?cm<sup>??1</sup> Raman signature region. The Fano lineshape was engineered to ensure near-field energy coupling at pump while enhancing the coherent anti-Stokes Raman signal at the far field. Our computational studies explored the purely electric origin of Fano resonance in those oligomers and provided maximum Raman enhancements of 10<sup>12</sup>–10<sup>13</sup> from them to enable single-molecular level applications. Our findings provide a way to realize fabrication-friendly nanostructures with higher number of spatially localized hotspots for improving the Raman detection sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4371678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Galina Georgieva, Karsten Voigt, Anna Peczek, Christian Mai, Lars Zimmermann
{"title":"Design and performance analysis of integrated focusing grating couplers for the transverse-magnetic TM00 mode in a photonic BiCMOS technology","authors":"Galina Georgieva, Karsten Voigt, Anna Peczek, Christian Mai, Lars Zimmermann","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00129-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00129-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Focusing grating couplers for the excitation of the fundamental transverse-magnetic (TM) mode in integrated silicon photonic waveguides are designed and characterized under the boundary conditions of a photonic BiCMOS foundry. Two types of waveguide geometries are considered – a nanowire and a rib waveguide. Wafer-scale experimental results for nanowire TM grating couplers are in excellent agreement with numerical investigations and demonstrate a robust behavior on the wafer. The mean coupling loss and the 3σ interval are -3.9?±?0.3?dB. The on wafer variation is three times lower than for the fundamental transverse-electric (TE) polarization. Similarly, the coupling in rib waveguides is examined as well. The results indicate that the rib waveguides require a modified geometry when designed for TM. In general, the nanowire waveguide type is more suitable for TM coupling, showing a stable and repeatable performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4329032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Crisci, L. Moretti, M. Gioffrè, M. Iodice, G. Coppola, M. Casalino
{"title":"Integrated Er/Si Schottky Photodetectors on the end facet of optical waveguides","authors":"T. Crisci, L. Moretti, M. Gioffrè, M. Iodice, G. Coppola, M. Casalino","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-00127-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-00127-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last two decades there has been growing interest in silicon photonics and in the possibility to integrate new materials to overcome the silicon intrinsic limitations. Erbium has represented a viable solution for the realization of light sources at telecommunications wavelengths opening the path to the investigation of various photonic devices based on rare earth.</p><p>In this work we investigate a photodetector operating at 1550?nm whose detection mechanism is based on the internal photoemission effect through an Er/Si Schottky junction. The Er/Si junction has been carefully electrically characterized showing a potential barrier and cut-off wavelength of 0.59?eV and 2105?nm, respectively. Moreover, a responsivity of 0.62?mA/W has been measured for a 3?μm-width waveguide at 1550?nm and at reverse voltage of -8?V. Finally, the noise equivalent power of the device has been evaluated as high as 0.53 nW/(Hz)<sup>1/2</sup> at -8?V.</p><p>Even if device responsivity is still low, we believe that our insights may suggest Er/Si as a new platform for the integration of various optical functionalities on the same chip opening new frontiers in the field of low-cost silicon micro and nanophotonics.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41476-020-00127-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4427597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The performance of consumer-grade near infrared spectrometer in traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Zhaozhou Lin, Zhihong Zhuang, Chongnian Luo, Jiayu Zhang, Hao Gu","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-0126-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-0126-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technical advances in instrument manufacturing have promoted the miniaturization and cost reduction of portable NIR spectrometers. The price of a device is now affordable to ordinary consumers, which might promotes the application of NIRS in real scenarios. Generally, the portable spectrometers have a lower spectral resolution and a narrower spectral region compared with the benchtop ones. Whether the consumer grade portable spectrometers is good enough for basic analysis in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) remains unclear. Two real world applications were introduced in this work to evaluate the capability of consumer grade spectrometers solving complex problems. Spectra collected on bark samples were used to test the qualitative performance of the spectrometer. The result showed that the cross validation error of the hierarchical FDA (Fisher Discrimination Analysis) models was at most 0.0769. For the quantitative analysis, spectra of pharmaceutical powder were used to train a model to predict the moisture of new individual sample. The RPD (the Ratio of Performance to Deviation) value of the moisture model was 6.83. These results demonstrated the usability of the models built on NIRS data measured by consumer grade spectrometer.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41476-020-0126-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4415873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierre Brochard, Benjamin Rudin, Florian Emaury, Valentin J. Wittwer, Stéphane Schilt, Thomas Südmeyer
{"title":"Low-noise transfer of the spectral purity of an optical comb line using a feedforward scheme","authors":"Pierre Brochard, Benjamin Rudin, Florian Emaury, Valentin J. Wittwer, Stéphane Schilt, Thomas Südmeyer","doi":"10.1186/s41476-020-0125-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-020-0125-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a detailed frequency noise analysis of a feedforward scheme used to faithfully transfer the spectral properties of an individual line of an optical frequency comb spectrum to a single-mode laser and in this way indirectly amplify it, which is applicable to any arbitrary comb mode spacing. In contrast to previously reported implementation of the feedforward method for a similar purpose, we present a more thorough noise study, including the measurement of the additive noise of the setup. The reported experimental investigation was performed using two low-noise ultrafast mode-locked lasers with different repetition rates (~?1?GHz and 250?MHz) and show a faithful transfer of the comb mode frequency noise to the auxiliary laser with a sub-radian additive phase noise integrated from 1?Hz to 1?MHz. We discuss the present limitations of the method that is able to transfer optical comb lines with sub-Hz linewidth and propose simple improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s41476-020-0125-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4291948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}