血液科学(英文)Pub Date : 2020-07-25eCollection Date: 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1097/BS9.0000000000000053
Zhi Yu, Cunte Chen, Yankai Xiao, Xiaohui Chen, Lixing Guo, Guangxiao Tan, Guixuan Huang, Weifeng Luo, Ming Zhou, Yumiao Li, Chen Lin, Qi Shen, Yuping Zhang, Bo Li
{"title":"Abnormal miR-214/A20 expression might play a role in T cell activation in patients with aplastic anemia.","authors":"Zhi Yu, Cunte Chen, Yankai Xiao, Xiaohui Chen, Lixing Guo, Guangxiao Tan, Guixuan Huang, Weifeng Luo, Ming Zhou, Yumiao Li, Chen Lin, Qi Shen, Yuping Zhang, Bo Li","doi":"10.1097/BS9.0000000000000053","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BS9.0000000000000053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aberrant T cell activation is a major cause of aplastic anemia (AA) pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs regulate T cell activation and are involved in AA. A previous study found that miR-214 was significantly up-regulated upon T cell activation in a CD28-dependent fashion by targeting PTEN. However, the expression characteristics of miR-214 and its target genes in AA have not been defined. In this study, target genes for miR-214 were predicted and confirmed by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays. The expression levels of miR-214 and target genes were detected in 36 healthy individuals and 35 patients with AA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assays identified that miR-214 could bind to the A20 3' untranslated regions. Significantly increased miR-214 and the decreased A20 expression level were detected in the AA patients compared with the healthy group. In addition, significantly increased miR-214 was found in non-severe aplastic anemia compared with severe aplastic anemia patients. These results suggested that the A20 gene was a potential target of miR-214, and elevated miR-214 might medicate T cell activation at least in part by regulating A20 expression in AA. We firstly confirmed that miR-214 regulated A20 expression, and aberrant miR-214/A20 expression might contribute to immunopathology in AA. The miR-214 expression might be used as a potential biomarker that assisted in diagnosing AA severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":67343,"journal":{"name":"血液科学(英文)","volume":"2 1","pages":"100-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8974947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44953334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
血液科学(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-16eCollection Date: 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1097/BS9.0000000000000037
Rongqun Guo, Hongling Wu, Juan Du, Jinyong Wang
{"title":"T cell regeneration: an update on progress and challenges.","authors":"Rongqun Guo, Hongling Wu, Juan Du, Jinyong Wang","doi":"10.1097/BS9.0000000000000037","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BS9.0000000000000037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cells play essential roles in antitumor therapy. Via gene engineering technique to enhance tumor-antigen specificity, patient peripheral blood-derived T cells (PBT) show encouraging clinical outcomes in treating certain blood malignancies. However, the high costs, functionality exhaustion, and disease-condition-dependent availability of PBT prompt the attempts of exploring alternative T cell sources. Theoretically, induced T cells from pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are ideal candidates that integrate plenty of advantages that primary T cells lack, including unlimited off-the-shelf cell source and precision gene editing feasibility. However, researchers are still struggling with developing a straightforward protocol to induce functional and immunocompetent human T cells from PSC. Based on stromal cell-expressing or biomaterial-presenting Notch ligands DLL1 or DLL4, natural and induced blood progenitors can differentiate further toward T lineage commitment. However, none of the reported T induction protocols has yet translated into any clinical application, signaling the existence of numerous technical barriers for regenerating T cells functionally matching their natural PBT counterparts. Alternatively, new approaches have been developed to repopulate induced T lymphopoiesis via <i>in vivo</i> reprogramming or transplanting induced T cell precursors. Here, we review the most recent progress in the T cell regeneration field, and the remaining challenges dragging their clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":67343,"journal":{"name":"血液科学(英文)","volume":"2 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8975091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49106508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
血液科学(英文)Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1097/bs9.0000000000000033
Youli Zu
{"title":"Aptamer technology: a new approach to treat lymphoma?","authors":"Youli Zu","doi":"10.1097/bs9.0000000000000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/bs9.0000000000000033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oligonucleotide aptamers are a class of small-molecule ligands. Functionally similar to protein antibodies, aptamers can specifically bind to their targets with high affinity. Biomedical studies have revealed the potential clinical value of aptamer technology for disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. Lymphoma is a group of cancers originating from the lymphatic system. Currently, chemotherapy is the primary treatment for lymphoma, although it may cause serious side effects in patients due to lack of target specificity. Here, we selectively discuss the recent development of potential applications of aptamer technology for precision lymphoma therapy, which are able to not only achieve high therapeutic efficacy but also do not cause off-target side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":67343,"journal":{"name":"血液科学(英文)","volume":"2 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/bs9.0000000000000033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39731134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
血液科学(英文)Pub Date : 2019-09-17eCollection Date: 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1097/BS9.0000000000000006
Hideo Ema
{"title":"Successful ex vivo expansion of mouse hematopoietic stem cells.","authors":"Hideo Ema","doi":"10.1097/BS9.0000000000000006","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BS9.0000000000000006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is considered the holy grail in stem cell biology and therapy, as it has long been difficult to make this procedure possible. Yamazaki's research team has established new, polyvinyl alcohol-based culture conditions and shown a significant expansion of mouse HSCs from a small number of cells after a month of culture. Surprisingly, expanded HSCs were able to reconstitute unconditioned normal mice. There is generally a technical concern in limiting dilution assay to estimate a fold-expansion of HSCs. But, this work paves the way toward expansion of human HSCs useful for transplantation medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":67343,"journal":{"name":"血液科学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"116-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8974897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49446611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
血液科学(英文)Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1097/BS9.0000000000000023
Huang Zhu, Dan S Kaufman
{"title":"Engineered human pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells: the next frontier for cancer immunotherapy.","authors":"Huang Zhu, Dan S Kaufman","doi":"10.1097/BS9.0000000000000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BS9.0000000000000023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adoptive immunotherapy using immune effector cells has revolutionized cancer treatments with approval of two autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies by the US FDA. Clinical trials using natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive immunotherapy have been shown to be safe and effective for treatment of multiple malignancies, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. However, most of these trails use primary NK cells isolated from peripheral or cord blood which can have donor-dependent variability and can be challenging to genetic engineer to improve antitumor functions, limiting the widespread use of this promising new therapy. NK cells can now be routinely produced from human pluripotent stem cells, both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These pluripotent stem cells are homogenous, easy to genetically modify on a clonal level and can be used as unlimited source of NK cells, making them ideal population to develop standardized, off-the-shelf adoptive NK cell therapy products. In this review, we discuss recent advances of obtaining and expanding hESC and iPSC-derived NK cells and novel genetic engineering strategies that are being applied to improve their antitumor functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":67343,"journal":{"name":"血液科学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/BS9.0000000000000023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10319179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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