2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium最新文献

{"title":"Eulerian Hydrocode Modeling of a Dynamic Tensile Extrusion Experiment","authors":"M. Burkett, S. Clancy","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eulerian hydrocode simulations using the Mechanical Threshold Stress (MTS), Zerilli-Armstrong (Z-A), and Johnson Cook (J-C) flow stress models were performed to provide insights into dynamic tensile extrusion (DTE) experiments with copper (Cu) and tantalum (Ta). The extrusion of Cu and Ta projectiles was simulated with an explicit, two-dimensional Eulerian continuum mechanics hydrocode and compared with data to determine if this extrusion concept is a useful indirect hydrocode material strength model evaluation experiment. The data consisted of high-speed images of the extrusion process, photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) to measure the projectile velocity history and die transit time, dynamic temperature measurements of the extruded material, recovered extruded samples, and post-test metallography. The hydrocode was developed to predict large-strain and high-strain-rate loading problems. The code features a high-order advection algorithm, material interface tracking scheme, and van Leer monotonic advection-limiting algorithm. The strength models were utilized to evolve the flow stress (σ) as a function of strain, strain rate, and temperature. Average strain rates on the order of 104 s−1 and plastic strains exceeding 300% were predicted in the extrusion of copper at impact velocities between 400–450 m/s, while plastic strains exceeding 800% were predicted for Ta. The predicted and measured deformation topologies, projectile velocity profiles and die transits times, plastic strains, and temperatures were qualitatively compared. The flow stress distributions predicted by the three strength models were also compared for one experiment. Finally, the feasibility of using DTE to evaluate hydrocode strength models will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78576662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the Impact and Penetration Performance of the Particulated Jet into Concrete Targets","authors":"Qi-feng Zhu, Q. Xiao, Zhengxiang Huang, X. Zu, Xin Jia","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, the performance of titanium alloys (TC21, TC1), nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloy, and zirconium-niobium (Zr-Nb) alloy lined shaped charge impact and penetration into concrete targets are investigated experimentally. Shaped charge jet radiographs reveal that the resulting jets of titanium alloys and Ni-Ti alloy exhibit particulate, radially dispersed behaviors, whereas that of the Zr-Nb alloy is coherent. Cavity diameters, penetration depths and parameters of the impact craters generated by the jets were analyzed using the depth of penetration (DOP) experiment method. Data indicate that the particulated jet causes more extensive damage to the surface of the concrete targets compared to the coherent jet. The penetration depth decreases to some degree, but the cavity diameter increases significantly. Penetration efficiency varies with degree of dispersion of the particulated jet and, as such, is also sensitive to stand-off distance.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88150647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the explosion-proof performance of polyurea-reinforced masonry walls with different spraying methods","authors":"W. Shang, X. Zu, Zhengxiang Huang, W. Shen","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-095","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Based on the propagation theory of blast waves and the strain rate effect of polyurea, the explosion-proof performance of polyurea-reinforced masonry walls with different spraying methods is discussed in this paper. The impact fracture of masonry walls after contact explosion was analyzed, and the fracture results of a blast wave on polyurea-reinforced masonry walls with different spraying methods were predicted. Furthermore, explosion-proof experiments of a standard masonry wall (2m×1.2m×0.37m) under three conditions including non-sprayed, back surface sprayed polyurea and double-sided sprayed polyurea were carried out to verify the theoretical predictions. Finally, the impact fracture results of standard masonry walls after a 1 kg TNT contact explosion under the three conditions were obtained. The test results were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. It clearly demonstrated that polyurea coating can significantly improve the explosion-proof performance of masonry walls, and double-sided sprayed showed better explosion-proof performance than back surface sprayed at the same coating thickness.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87419489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modeling of impacts of twisted-pair data cables","authors":"Joshua E. Miller","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Data wire cable runs are a significant presence on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS), and continued ISS mission support requires detailed assessment of cables due to micrometeoroid and orbit debris (MMOD) impact. These data wire cables are twisted-pair cables consisting of two 22 gauge stranded conductors inside a tight-fitting, braided-copper shield and jacket having a nominal outer diameter of 3.76 mm. Previous work has documented a total of 97 impact experiments that were performed into these cables to develop an empirical, statistical model for the failure of these cables in reliability studies; however, the experimental work left open the internal behaviors that contribute to the probabilistic findings. To address this shortcoming, numerical impact simulations have been performed to expand the understanding of the acquired dataset. This paper summarizes the dependence of impact location and speed to the penetration of wire jackets based upon particle size and provides an empirical ballistic limit equation based on the assumption that exposed conductors may lead to a short circuit. This work is consolidated with the previous experimental work for design and reliability assessments to cover projectile types, speeds and obliquities.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90864973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of jet characteristics from hydrocode analysis","authors":"Justin C. Sweitzer, Nicholas R. Peterson, S. Hill","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The penetration performance of a shaped charge jet is affected strongly by factors such as straightness, stretch rate, and breakup time. Straightness is related to manufacturing tolerances, assembly techniques, and system integration features. Stretch rate and breakup time are controllable features of charge design. A higher stretch rate is desirable for short standoff performance. The stretch rate is easily altered by a change of explosive or modification of the angle with which the detonation wave sweeps the liner surface, however, an increased stretch rate generally results in a decreased breakup time. Many of the recent gains in shaped charge performance have been made possible by increasing the effective breakup time of the jet.\u0000 Several models exist for calculating breakup time. They include analytic models, such as Chou & Carleone’s dimensionless strain rate model, and empirical or semi-empirical models such as Walsh’s theory and those proposed by Pearson, et al. These models can be applied to raw hydrocode calculation data and used to determine a Jet Characterization (JC) file. The JC file can then be used to perform further calculations, such as Penetration Versus Stand Off (PVSO) curves.\u0000 This paper details adaptation of the Chou & Carleone model for predicting breakup time using hydrocode data. The hydrocode is used to determine the physical parameters of the jet which are then extrapolated back to a virtual origin for breakup time calculation. This results in a model that is design independent, relying on hydrocode determination of jet variables. The model implementation will be discussed, and comparisons of predicted jet characteristics will be made to test data for several charge geometries.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84152030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Fracture of High-Hardness Armour Steel in Taylor Rod-on-Anvil Experiments","authors":"B. Mcdonald, S. Ryan, S. J. Cimpoeru, Nathan J. Edwards, A. Orifici","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A series of Taylor rod-on-anvil experiments have been performed to validate the predicted impact velocity fracture threshold and fracture mode of a high hardness armour steel (HHA) obtained through explicit finite element simulations. Experimentally, the rods exhibited principal shear failure, a condition that can be closely linked to adiabatic shear band (ASB) formation in high strength steel. Using a stress triaxiality and Lode angle dependent failure strain criterion (Basaran 3D fracture locus), calibrated from quasi-static mechanical characterisation tests, the simulations were unable to predict the onset of fracture observed in experiments. As such, a strength-fading criterion is proposed using a phenomenological description to capture the loss of load-carrying capacity resulting from ASB formation. The ASB criterion is based on an exponential fit to experimentally-observed instability strains measured at different average stress triaxialities in a series of tests on inclined cylindrical and modified flat-hat specimens. With the prediction of ASB formation the material strength is reduced to model the thermal softening experienced in the shear band, and fracture of the material (in the form of element erosion) remains controlled by the Basaran fracture model. Incorporating the ASB-based criterion, the numerical models were found to accurately predict both the impact velocity fracture threshold, as well as the general appearance of the observed principal shear fracture. The proposed criterion enables the effects of ASB formation to be captured in an impact simulation with little increase in computational cost.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89983281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting orbital debris-induced failure risk of wire harnesses using SPH hydrocode modeling","authors":"J. Williamsen, M. Squire, S. Evans","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper describes a method derived to assess the probability of two types of complex cable failures (partial and full wire breaks), considering their location with respect to the debris spray from penetration of multi-layer insulation (MLI) suspended over them, and the likelihood of impacting particle sizes and velocities as predicted by NASA’s model for predicting orbital debris impact size and velocity distributions for satellites in low earth orbit, ORDEM. The smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code was used to determine the onset of these two failure types following hypervelocity impact for different orbital debris velocities, sizes and orientations relative to four different wire locations for a prototypical satellite in a 98-degree polar orbit at an altitude of approximately 750 km (i.e., a typical weather satellite). Interpolations between hydrocode results, combined with ORDEM predictions of orbital debris likelihoods, were used to predict overall risk of each failure type. Adding a few layers of beta cloth over the wires cut the risk of each failure type in half.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87887199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of dynamic behavior of foams subjected to high- to hyper-velocity impact","authors":"Xiaotian Zhang, Ruiqing Wang, Q. M. Li","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hypervelocity tests and numerical studies have been reported in the literature for aluminum foam to show its potential applications in spacecraft shielding against space debris based on “shielding set-up”. Meanwhile the “forward impact” set-up has been widely reported in the literature to study the dynamic behavior of the foam materials in the range of low to intermediate impact velocities. This paper extends the forward impact to high- and hyper-velocity impacts to understand the dynamic deformation and failure mechanisms based on numerical simulation. The focused impact velocity range is from about 1km/s to 6km/s. The cell-based numerical model of the foam material is used along with the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to simulate the deformation and the failure process. The failure of the foam materials in the range of intermediate to high impact velocities is related to the plastic yielding and crushing of the foam cell, while that in the hypervelocity impact regime is related to the cell material erosion. Dynamic effects in different impact velocity ranges also lead to shock and strain-rate effects. Understanding of the dependence of the deformation/failure mechanisms on the impact velocity helps to determine the application of foam materials in the relevant range of impact velocities.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87971361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Arl’s Multi-Energy Flash Computed Tomography Diagnostic: Capability to Track Mass-Flux Through a Reconstruction Volume","authors":"M. Zellner, M. S. Love, Kyle Champley","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The U.S. Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are currently developing a Multi-Energy Flash Computed Tomography (MEFCT) diagnostic for multi-frame, in situ, three-dimensional radiographic assessment of ballistic impact phenomena. To accomplish this, we combine the capabilities of medical X-ray computed tomography and high-speed computed tomography, to produce a system that captures three independent, time-sequenced volume reconstructions throughout the timespan of a typical dynamic ballistic event. Because this system has the capability to image an event across three spatial dimensions and time, it is the first of its kind to track mass/material-flux of an un-bounded system through a volume at ballistic timescales.\u0000 To demonstrate the diagnostic’s capabilities, an assessment of a bullet penetrating an aluminum plate is performed. A compilation of the three volume reconstructions were computed to describe the event. The results were compared to a state-of-the-art simulation of the event using EPIC, a Lagrangian hydrocode with penetration applications. This comparison shows how using a four-dimensional computed tomography system can benefit the validation of physical failure and mass/material-flow models.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91198798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Momentum transfer in hypervelocity cratering of meteorites and meteorite analogs: Implications for asteroid deflection","authors":"G. Flynn, D. Durda, M. Molesky, B. A. May, S. N. Congram, C. L. Loftus, J. R. Reagan, M. Strait, R. Macke","doi":"10.1115/hvis2019-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Asteroid porosity ranges from 0 to >50%, with most >20%, and some asteroids exhibit a water feature in their reflection spectra. Porosity and hydration are expected to influence the momentum transferred in hypervelocity collisions. We conducted a series of measurements of the post-impact momentum, characterized by a factor β, the ratio of the total linear momentum acquired by the target to the momentum of the impactor. We measured β for anhydrous meteorites, samples of their asteroidal parent bodies, spanning a wide range of porosities: 7 samples of the CV3 carbonaceous chondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 4502 (2.1% porosity), 7 samples of the ordinary chondrite NWA 869 (6.4% porosity), and 4 samples of the ordinary chondrite Saratov (15.6% porosity), as well as 2 samples of terrestrial pumice (80% porosity). We also measured hydrous meteorite analog targets, including 2 samples of terrestrial serpentine (17.9% porosity) and 4 samples of terrestrial montmorillonite (51.5% porosity), the two clay minerals that dominate the composition of the hydrous CI carbonaceous chondrite meteorites, as well as 4 samples of hydrous meteorite analog material prepared by powdering and hydrating an anhydrous carbonaceous chondrite. We found that for both anhydrous and hydrous samples β decreased with increasing porosity, consistent with hydrocode modeling. The β for each target type was >2 demonstrating that crater ejecta makes a significant contribution to recoil in hypervelocity collisions.. The β values we measured for the anhydrous samples are larger, with β = 3.55 for NWA 4502, 2.69 for NWA 869, 2.10 for Saratov, and 2.15 for pumice, than results from hydrocode modeling for 10 km/s impacts into relatively strong, porous rock targets. The momentum enhancement by ejecta (β - 1) for the moderate porosity (17.9%) hydrous serpentine targets (β = 4.70), the highly porous (51.55% porosity) hydrous montmorillonite targets (β = 2.79), and the intermediate porosity (~26%) CI-analogs (β = 2.99) are much larger than β value for anhydrous targets of similar porosity, indicating jetting of water vapor could significantly affect deflection of hydrous asteroids and comets in natural or human-induced collisions.","PeriodicalId":6596,"journal":{"name":"2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90308245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}