Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation最新文献

{"title":"Development and Optimization of Ivabradine-Loaded Niosomal Nanocarriers Using Quality by Design for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Pharmacokinetic Performance","authors":"Rashmitha Vallala,&nbsp;Bhaskar Daravath","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11133-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11133-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Ivabradine is indicated for the management of chronic stable angina and heart failure; however, its efficacy is limited by poor aqueous solubility, extensive first-pass metabolism, and moderate oral bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and optimize Ivabradine-loaded niosomal nanocarriers using a Quality by Design (QbD) approach to achieve sustained drug release and improve oral bioavailability.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Niosomes were prepared using thin-film hydration technique and optimized through Box–Behnken design. The effects of Span 60 ratio, drug ratio, and sonication time on critical quality attributes were evaluated. The optimized formulation was characterized for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. Release kinetics were analyzed using mathematical models. Structural and physicochemical characterization was performed by FTIR, DSC, XRD, and SEM. Cellular uptake was evaluated in H9c2 cells, and pharmacokinetic performance was assessed in Wistar rats.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The optimized formulation achieved a desirability value of 0.95 and a particle size of 104.2 nm, PDI of 0.20, zeta potential of − 29.3 mV, entrapment efficiency of 93.1%, and cumulative drug release of 86.8% over 24 h. Drug release followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Characterization studies confirmed the formation of stable spherical vesicles. Cellular uptake was enhanced 2.9-fold compared with free drug. Pharmacokinetic evaluation demonstrated reduced Cmax (35.8 vs. 40.3 ng/mL), prolonged Tmax (4 h vs. 1 h), increased MRT (7.93 h vs. 3.89 h, and AUC₀–t (308.56 vs. 126.25 ng·h/mL), resulting in a 2.44-fold increase in relative bioavailability.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>QbD-optimized niosomal nanocarriers represent a promising oral delivery approach for ivabradine enabling sustained release and improved systemic exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149339119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of AQbD-Driven Bioanalytical UFLC Method for the Quantification of Acyclovir in Human Serum: A White Analytical Chemistry Approach","authors":"Partha Sarathi Das,&nbsp;Sasmita Kumari Acharjya,&nbsp;Atyurmila Chakraborty,&nbsp;Epli Kumari Sneha,&nbsp;Souvik Ranjan Sahu,&nbsp;Soumya Ranjan Swain","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11141-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11141-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acyclovir is a prevalent prescribed antiviral drug, while in selected patients, it may require routine therapeutic drug monitoring attributed to pharmacokinetic variability and the risk of toxicity during prolonged treatment. The present study indicated to develop and validate an Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD)-driven Reversed-Phase Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) method for quantification of Acyclovir in human serum in accordance with USFDA bioanalytical method validation guidelines, incorporating White Analytical Chemistry principles. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using a rotatable central composite design. Serum samples were prepared by the protein precipitation method using isopropyl alcohol and dichloromethane (60:40, v/v) as the extraction solvent. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a Phenomenex Luna^® C18 column using 10 mM trifluoroacetic acid (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile (95:5, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min⁻¹, with UV detection at 254 nm. Acyclovir eluted at 5.3 ± 0.049 min. The method demonstrated linearity over the concentration range of 100–10,000 ng mL⁻¹ across nine calibration levels. The lowest experimentally evaluated concentration was 100 ng mL⁻¹, at which acceptable accuracy and precision were observed. No substantial endogenous interference was observed, and the mean extraction recovery was 90.63 ± 1.72%. The method demonstrated acceptable accuracy and precision at the evaluated concentration levels and satisfactory chromatographic performance within the established design space. Selectivity was assessed using the pooled serum batch examined, while quantitative matrix effects and a separate validation-level robustness study were not evaluated.White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) assessment using the Red-Green-Blue (RGB)12 tool yielded redness, greenness and blueness scores of 82.6, 70.0, and 72.2, respectively, resulting in an overall whiteness score of 74.7, indicating a favourable balance among analytical performance, environmental sustainability, and practical applicability. The developed method provides a simple, sensitive, reliable, and suitable approach for Acyclovir quantification in human serum, with potential applications in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability, and bioequivalence studies.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-Engineered Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oral Delivery of Cefpodoxime Proxetil: From Quality-by-Design Optimization to Pharmacokinetic Validation","authors":"Mangesh R. Bhalekar,&nbsp;Ashwini R. Madgulkar,&nbsp;Akshada Krishnat Thorat,&nbsp;Sachin Tembhurne","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11117-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11117-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cefpodoxime proxetil (CP) has low solubility in water and only limited ability to pass through the intestinal wall, a circumstance which can hinder its oral absorption. CP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CP-SLNs) were prepared using hot high-pressure homogenisation, and the lipid content, the concentration of Tween 80 and the homogenisation pressure were optimised using a three-factor Box-Behnken design; stearylamine was then added to the lipid phase to produce cationic CP-SA-SLNs. The various formulations were investigated with regard to particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, solid-state characteristics, morphology, in vitro release, antibacterial activity, intestinal transport and oral pharmacokinetics in rats. The short-term physical stability was also kept under observation for 90 days under accelerated conditions of temperature and humidity. The modified formulation had a reported hydrodynamic diameter of 233 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.30, a zeta potential of + 25 mV and an entrapment efficiency of 90.60%. At 24 h, CP-SA-SLNs released 88.74% of the drug, as opposed to about 91.45% from the unmodified CP-SLNs. In the everted-gut experiment carried out, the cumulative amount transported per unit area after 120 min was 0.0904 µg/cm² for the CP-SA-SLNs, 0.0852 µg/cm² for the CP-SLNs and 0.0758 µg/cm² for the drug dispersion. The plasma profiles indicated a longer exposure following administration of the CP-SA-SLNs, although pre-treatment with cycloheximide decreased this exposure. Nevertheless, these pharmacokinetic findings are still exploratory since the available records do not include a fully validated bioanalytical method, data at the animal level or all the necessary cycloheximide controls. The addition of stearylamine altered the charge of the particles and was linked to a slower release rate and greater comparative intestinal transport in the tests conducted. Before it can be concluded that there has been an improvement in oral bioavailability or lymphatic transport, the batch composition, the orientation of the gut sac, the bioanalytical performance, the replicate-level statistics and the animal-level pharmacokinetics must all be confirmed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Fuzheng Huayu Decoction in Inhibiting Ovarian Cancer Growth Associated with CDK1-STAT3 Signaling Pathway","authors":"Yan Fang,&nbsp;Kang Zheng,&nbsp;Kening Zhou,&nbsp;Chun Yu","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11124-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11124-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the mechanism of Fuzheng Huayu Decoction (FHD) in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Molecular targets of FHD in OC were screened using network pharmacology analysis. The effects of the five core monomers on OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed. The regulatory effects of scopoletin on key target proteins and its in vivo antitumor effects were also investigated. The interaction between scopoletin and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was further explored.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Network pharmacology analysis identified 151 intersection targets between FHD and OC. Among the five core monomers, scopoletin significantly inhibited OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion at low concentrations. Scopoletin downregulated the mRNA expression of CDK1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and apoptosis-related proteins. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that scopoletin exhibited the strongest binding affinity for CDK1. In vivo experiments confirmed that scopoletin inhibited tumor growth in a concentration-dependent manner. CDK1 knockdown reduced STAT3 and p-STAT3 levels and inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the combination of scopoletin and shCDK1 enhanced these inhibitory effects.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Scopoletin, a core monomer of FHD, significantly inhibits OC cell proliferation and migration, and this effect is associated with the CDK1-STAT3 signaling pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, Optimization and In Vivo Evaluation of Erythromycin–Adapalene Loaded Cubosomal Gel for Effective Acne Management","authors":"Nisha Shirkoli,&nbsp;Vinayak Mastiholimath","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11125-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11125-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To develop and optimize a dual-drug cubosomal gel containing erythromycin (ERY) and adapalene (ADP) for enhanced topical delivery and effective acne management.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cubosomes were prepared using glyceryl monooleate and Poloxamer 407 by a top-down technique and optimized using a Box–Behnken design. Drug–excipient compatibility was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optimized formulation was characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and morphology, followed by incorporation into xanthan gum gel. In vitro release, ex vivo permeation, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, dermal safety, in vivo efficacy, histopathology, and six-month stability were evaluated.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The optimized cubosomes exhibited a particle size of 125.6 nm, entrapment efficiencies of 86.51% for ADP and 83.67% for ERY, and characteristic cubic morphology. The gel showed a pH of 6.40 ± 0.89, viscosity of 8253 ± 102 cps, and spreadability of 21.45 ± 0.57 g·cm/s. In vitro drug release reached 77.38 ± 1.39% for ERY and 74.45 ± 1.11% for ADP, with enhanced ex vivo permeation. The formulation showed potent activity against <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> (MIC: 0.039 mg/mL) and significant anti-inflammatory effects. In vivo, it demonstrated excellent dermal safety (Draize score: 0.0 ± 0.0), reduced ear edema by 23.14%, and suppressed IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Histopathology showed near-normal skin architecture, and stability was maintained for six months.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The optimized ERY–ADP cubosomal gel exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, enhanced skin delivery, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficacy, excellent dermal safety, and good stability, indicating its potential as an advanced topical therapy for acne.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Experiments Based Development and Validation of an Eco-Efficient RP-HPLC Method for Rosmarinic Acid in Liposomes","authors":"Prakash Rajshekhar Biradar,&nbsp;Nayeem A Khatib","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11138-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11138-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A robust, precise, and environmentally sustainable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Rosmarinic acid (RA) in liposomal formulations. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using a Box–Behnken design, evaluating the effects of mobile phase composition, flow rate, and column temperature on key responses such as retention time, tailing factor, and theoretical plates. The optimized conditions of 55% methanol (v/v) and 0.1% formic acid, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and a column temperature of 30 °C produced a sharp and symmetric RA peak with a retention time of 2.53 min on Phenomenex Luna C18(2) analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The method exhibited excellent linearity (R² &gt; 0.999) across the range of 2–10 µg/mL, with LOD and LOQ values of 0.28 µg/mL and 0.87 µg/mL, respectively. Precision and accuracy studies demonstrated %RSD values below 2% and recoveries between 98.9 and 100.1%. Robustness testing confirmed method stability under minor deliberate variations. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify RA in liposomal formulations, achieving recovery between 97.15 ± 0.78% and 99.69 ± 0.15%. The prepared RA-loaded liposomes exhibited a particle size of 143.18 nm, PDI = 0.265, zeta potential = − 25.3 mV, and entrapment efficiency = 86.78%. Environmental evaluation using Complex GAPI, AGREE, AGREEprep, and Eco-Scale indicated high greenness (score = 83), while the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI = 70) confirmed practical sustainability. Collectively, these findings establish a sensitive, reproducible, and eco-efficient RP-HPLC method suitable for the routine quality control of RA in complex nanocarrier systems.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of 3D Printed Allopurinol Tablets for Veterinary Use","authors":"Bruna Machado Escobar,&nbsp;Angélica Inês Kaufmann,&nbsp;José Victor Mezadri,&nbsp;Marcelo Donadel Malesuik,&nbsp;Juliano Smanioto Barin,&nbsp;Fabiana Ernestina Barcellos da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11134-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11134-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Canine leishmaniasis is one of the most important endemic zoonotic diseases in Latin America, affecting thousands of individuals. Treatment in dogs commonly involves the use of agents with leishmanicidal activity such as allopurinol, typically administered in combination with miltefosine or meglumine antimoniate. Long-term management frequently relies on the off-label use of human formulations (100 or 300 mg tablets), requiring tablet splitting to achieve dose adjustment for infected dogs, which may compromise dosing accuracy.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>To address this limitation, allopurinol printlets were developed using semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing (ALLO-3D) to enable dose personalization for small- to medium-sized dogs. The drug dissolution and release kinetics of the printlets were investigated. The greenness profile of the 3D printing was evaluated using the Index of Greenness Assessment of Printed Pharmaceuticals (iGAPP).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The optimized formulation, composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium (CCS-Na), and a water–ethanol (7:3, v/v) binder solution, exhibited an immediate-release profile (Q = 75%; 45 min). The developed printlets showed a mean weight of 390.1 mg (RSD = 1.65), drug content of 39.83 ± 0.75 mg printlet⁻¹, and content uniformity of 104.74 ± 2.36% (AV = 5.4). All quality control tests complied with the requirements established in the official codes for oral solid dosage forms. The drug release profile was best described by the First-order model (R² &gt; 0.95).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings demonstrate that SSE 3D printing represents a promising strategy to produce personalized printlets containing allopurinol, enabling accurate dose adjustment and potentially improving therapeutic management in canine leishmaniasis. Additionally, the ALLO-3D manufacturing process proved to be suitable from an environmental impact perspective according to the iGAPP metric.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12247-026-11134-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Dissecting the Role of Autophagy in Photodynamic Therapy-Induced Cell Death in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","authors":"Ya Peng,&nbsp;Xiaowen Deng,&nbsp;Hanbing Yao,&nbsp;Jiaodi Cai,&nbsp;Jian Kang","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11128-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11128-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-Enabled Dual-Drug Delivery Lipidic carriers: Redefining Skin Cancer Treatment","authors":"Janvi Parikh,&nbsp;Priyanka Ahlawat,&nbsp;Asha Patel,&nbsp;Shruti Patel,&nbsp;Drishti Panjwani","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-10842-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-10842-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide with increasing incidence and significant health and economic impacts [1]. Existing strategies for treating cancer usually rely on the use of conventional therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy that are limited by poor drug penetration (where drugs do not reach their intended targets), systemic toxicity (side effects caused as a result of poisoning to the whole organism) and development of multidrug resistance. Owing to the above, sophisticated drug delivery systems are pivotal for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in skin cancer treatment.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>Nanocarriers have come out as promising drug delivery systems to enhance topical and systemic management of skin cancer. These carriers improve the encapsulation of drugs, their stability, skin penetration, and targeted accumulation and decrease systemic toxicity. Specifically, the liposomes that are loaded with two drugs at once provide synergistic treatment effects with co-delivery of chemotherapeutic and molecularly targeted drugs, which allows enhancing treatment efficacy and lowering drug resistance.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted focusing on recent studies related to liposomal nanocarriers for skin cancer therapy. Various liposome preparation techniques, including thin-film hydration, ethanol injection, reverse-phase evaporation, microfluidics, and double-emulsion methods, were examined for their ability to co-encapsulate multiple therapeutic agents for combination treatment.</p><h3>Result</h3><p>Recent studies demonstrate that dual drug-loaded liposomes enhance therapeutic performance by enabling simultaneous delivery of chemotherapeutic and molecularly targeted agents, resulting in synergistic anticancer effects. Co-encapsulation of drugs with complementary mechanisms, such as chemotherapeutics, molecular inhibitors, and immunomodulators, has shown improved tumor targeting, enhanced drug stability, reduced systemic toxicity, and the potential to overcome resistance pathways.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dual drug-loaded liposomal systems represent a promising strategy for improving skin cancer therapy. Emerging approaches such as stimuli-responsive liposomes, personalized nanomedicine, green synthesis techniques, and hybrid liposomal platforms integrating gene therapy and combination chemotherapy.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoengineered Berberine Loaded Proposomes Incorporated into Gels for Topical Anti-Inflammatory Delivery","authors":"Neelakshi Rajput,&nbsp;Neha Raina,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar,&nbsp;Akhilesh Kumar,&nbsp;Rahul Shukla,&nbsp;Madhu Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s12247-026-11131-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-026-11131-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Inflammation is a key underlying factor in the progression of several chronic disorders and is closely associated with oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. Despite the availability of anti-inflammatory therapies, their clinical effectiveness is often restricted by poor aqueous solubility, limited bioavailability, and systemic side effects. Berberine, a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid, has shown promising anti-inflammatory activity; however, its therapeutic potential is constrained by low permeability and physicochemical instability. </p><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a nanoengineered proposomes based gel system to improve the topical delivery and therapeutic efficacy of berberine. For this purpose, berberine-loaded proposomes were prepared and further incorporated into polymeric gel matrices composed of either carbopol (BBR-PRO-CP) or hybrid of carbopol and hyaluronic acid (BBR-PRO-HA). </p><h3>Results</h3><p>The optimized gel systems demonstrated suitable rheological behaviour and enhanced skin permeation, along with sustained drug release. The optimized hybrid hyaluronic acid-based gel (BBR-PRO-HA) demonstrated enhanced ex vivo skin permeation (341.3 ± 0.12 µg/cm²) compared with the Carbopol-based gel (BBR-PRO-CP, 304.9 ± 0.06 µg/cm²), along with superior antioxidant activity (EC50 = 110.73 µg/mL vs. 191.22 µg/mL) and significant anti-inflammatory efficacy. In vitro and in vivo evaluations confirmed a significant reduction in inflammatory responses, including edema suppression without any signs of toxicity. </p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, the developed nanoengineered proposomal gel offers an effective and safe strategy for the topical delivery of berberine, addressing its inherent limitations and providing improved therapeutic outcomes in the management of inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149234682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}