酶研究进展(英文)最新文献_第4页

Structural Properties of the RNA Synthesized by Glutamate Dehydrogenase for the Degradation of Total RNA 谷氨酸脱氢酶合成总RNA的结构特性研究

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2018-09-13 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2018.63004

G. Osuji, Paul M Johnson

{"title":"Structural Properties of the RNA Synthesized by Glutamate Dehydrogenase for the Degradation of Total RNA","authors":"G. Osuji, Paul M Johnson","doi":"10.4236/AER.2018.63004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2018.63004","url":null,"abstract":"Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)-synthesized RNA, a nongenetic code-based RNA is suitable for unraveling the structural constraints imposed on the regulation (transcription, translation, siRNA etc.) of metabolism by genetic code. GDH-synthesized RNAs have been induced in whole plants to knock out target mRNA populations thereby producing plant phenotypes that are allergen-free; enriched in fatty acids, essential amino acids, shikimic acid, resveratrol etc. Methods applied hereunder for investigating the structural properties of GDH-synthesized RNA included purification of GDH isoenzymes, synthesis of RNA by the isoenzymes, reverse transcription of the RNA to cDNA, sequencing of the cDNA, computation of the G+C-contents, profiling the stability through PCR amplification compared with genetic code-based DNA; and biochemical characterization of the RNAs synthesized by individual hexameric isoenzymes of GDH. Single product bands resulted from the PCR amplification of the cDNAs of GDH-synthesized RNA, whereas several bands resulted from the amplification of genetic code-based DNA. The cDNAs have wide G+C-contents (35% to 59%), whereas genetic code-based DNA has narrower G+C-contents (50% to 60%). The GDH β6 homo-hexameric isoenzyme synthesized the A+U-rich RNAs, whereas the a6, and α6 homo-hexameric isoenzymes synthesized the G+C-rich RNAs. Therefore, the RNA synthesized by GDH is different from genetic code-based RNAs. In vitro chemical reactions revealed that GDH-synthesized RNA degraded total RNA to lower molecular weight products. Therefore, GDH-synthesized RNA is RNA enzyme. Dismantling of the structural constraints imposed on RNA by genetic code liberated RNA to become an enzyme with specificity to degrade unwanted transcripts. The RNA enzyme activity of GDH-synthesized RNA is ubiquitous in cells; it is readily induced by treatment of plants with mineral nutrients etc. and may simplify experimental approaches in plant enzymology and molecular biology research projects.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Combinatorial Enzyme Approach to Produce Oligosaccharides of Diverse Structures for Functional Screen 组合酶法制备不同结构寡糖的功能筛选

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2018-07-27 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2018.62002

D. Wong, S. Feng, W. Orts

引用次数: 2

Interactions between Two Fungi Strains during Litter Decomposition through a Microcosm Experiment: Different Degradative Enzyme Activities 微生物实验中两种真菌在凋落物分解过程中的相互作用:不同降解酶活性

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2018-03-23 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2018.61001

Yan Chen, G. Pu, B. Lian, X. Pei, Guifang Huang, Qifeng Wang, Yanna Lv

{"title":"Interactions between Two Fungi Strains during Litter Decomposition through a Microcosm Experiment: Different Degradative Enzyme Activities","authors":"Yan Chen, G. Pu, B. Lian, X. Pei, Guifang Huang, Qifeng Wang, Yanna Lv","doi":"10.4236/AER.2018.61001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2018.61001","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are the key agents in litter decomposition in forest ecosystems. However, the specific roles of the interactions between different fungal species during litter decomposition process are unclear. To evaluate the interactions, two fungi strains with significantly different morphs were isolated from the soils of Quercus acutissima forest and Pinus massoniana forest, and inoculated in the litter powder of Quercus acutissima leaves and Pinus massoniana needles with grown separately and in coexistence equally through a microcosm experiment. The enzyme activities were determined as a proxy for microbial activities. The results showed that the degradative enzymes involved in litter decomposition showed varying dynamics pattern during the incubation period. The interactions between the two fungi strains are synergism, and benefit to each other according to enzyme activities, suggesting that a fungi strain growth was accelerated by the presence of other fungi strain during litter decomposition process. However, the interactions of the two fungi strains were bilateral antagonism inoculated in the litter powder of Quercus acutissima leaves according to cellobiohydrolase activities. The synergism, despite bilateral antagonism in an exceptional case, may be an important factor controlling the fungal colonization and growth on litter substrate. The results implied that more fungal species may accelerate litter decomposition rates due to their mutual cooperation.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47747521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluation of Quantitative Phytochemicals, Liver Enzymes and Histological Changes in Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats Treated with Aqueous Extracts of Brysocarpus coccineus 异烟肼致成年雄性Wistar大鼠肝毒性的定量植物化学物质、肝酶和组织学变化

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2017-09-21 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2017.53004

K. Andrew, N. S. Emmanuel, D. C. Ejiogu, C. N. Chima, F. M. Yahuza, E. C. Umeh, P. P. Mshelia

{"title":"Evaluation of Quantitative Phytochemicals, Liver Enzymes and Histological Changes in Isoniazid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rats Treated with Aqueous Extracts of Brysocarpus coccineus","authors":"K. Andrew, N. S. Emmanuel, D. C. Ejiogu, C. N. Chima, F. M. Yahuza, E. C. Umeh, P. P. Mshelia","doi":"10.4236/AER.2017.53004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2017.53004","url":null,"abstract":"Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity is a major concern in patients taking anti tuberculosis treatment and prophylaxis. It can result in elevated serum liver enzymes and hepatic failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemicals and ameliorative effects of aqueous extracts of Brysocarpus coccineus on serum liver enzymes in isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of six rats each and were treated orally for 30 days as follows: Group I: 1 ml/kg of distilled water; group II: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg); group III: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + Livolin forte (20 mg/kg); group IV: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (200 mg/kg); group V: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (400 mg/kg); group VI: Isoniazid (27 mg/kg) + B. coccineus (800 mg/kg). At the end of the experiments, the Wistar rats were sacrificed and sera obtained for liver enzymes assay, whereas the liver tissue was also harvested and used for histological studies. Tanins, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids were quantitatively present at 2.29%, 18.05%, 23.24% and 18.99%, respectively. There was an increase in the serum AST and ALT in the isoniazid treated group, which was reversed by livolin forte and the aqueous extracts at a dose of 200 mg/kg, however the extracts increased the serum levels of AST and ALT at higher doses, which was however not significant (p > 0.05) when compared to the controls. There was evidence of a reduction in hepatocytes damage in the extract treated groups when compared to the Isoniazid untreated group. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of B. coccineus shows hepatoprotective effects at 200 mg/kg in isoniazid hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48515098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organogermanium (Ge-132) Suppresses Activities of Stress Enzymes Responsible for Active Oxygen Species in Monkey Liver Preparation 有机锗（Ge-132）抑制猴肝脏中负责活性氧的应激酶的活性

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2017-06-02 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2017.52002

T. Tezuka, A. Higashino, M. Akiba, Takashi Nakamura

引用次数: 14

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes Evaluation in Lactating Female Albino Rats Following Supplementation with Fermented Soya Bean and Vitamin C 添加发酵大豆和维生素C对哺乳期雌性白化病大鼠脂质过氧化和抗氧化酶的影响

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2017-06-02 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2017.52003

I. Malgwi, Y. Tanko, M. Kawu, E. Eze, H. Salami, N. S. Emmanuel, A. Mohammed

{"title":"Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzymes Evaluation in Lactating Female Albino Rats Following Supplementation with Fermented Soya Bean and Vitamin C","authors":"I. Malgwi, Y. Tanko, M. Kawu, E. Eze, H. Salami, N. S. Emmanuel, A. Mohammed","doi":"10.4236/AER.2017.52003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2017.52003","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals, lactation is the most energetically demanding period of a female’s reproductive life. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of fermented Soya bean and Vitamin C supplement on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in lactating albino rats. Thirty five (35) adult female rats were used for this study. At parturition, the animals were randomly divided into five groups of five (5) rats each. Except group four (4) that was subdivided into three (3) sub groups of five animals each (n = 5). Treatment was carried out as follows: Group I: (Normal control) was given normal feed and distilled water, orally (1 ml/kg), Group II: metoclopramide (5 mg/kg), Group III: 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C. The three (3) sub groups under group four (4) received 10%, 20% and 40% soya bean, respectively, Group V: was co-administered with 20% soya bean supplement and Vitamin C (100 mg/kg). Treatment was done for the period of ten (10) days at 06:00 h daily. Although there was an increase in serum MDA concentrations in all the treated groups compared to the control, lipid peroxidation was however significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the metoclopramide group relative to the soya bean supplemented groups. This study has shown that supplementation with soya bean induces a mild antioxidant effect by increasing serum level of superoxide dismutase. There was however a significant decrease in serum SOD in the 10% SB group compared to the control. There was a significant difference in serum catalase activity in the group treated with METCL (46.20 ± 1.53), SB 10% (44.00 ± 1.14) and SB 20% (45.20 ± 1.28) compared to the control (52.00 ± 0.71) (P < 0.05). Serum level of glutathione peroxidase GPx showed a significant difference in the group treated with VIT C, SB 10% and SB 20% compared to the control (P < 0.05).","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47966770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microcalorimetric Study of Acetylcholine and Acetylthiocholine Hydrolysis by Acetylcholinesterase 乙酰胆碱酯酶水解乙酰胆碱和乙酰硫胆碱的微量热法研究

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2017-03-09 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2017.51001

P. Neves, Eliane Novato Silva, P. Beirão

{"title":"Microcalorimetric Study of Acetylcholine and Acetylthiocholine Hydrolysis by Acetylcholinesterase","authors":"P. Neves, Eliane Novato Silva, P. Beirão","doi":"10.4236/AER.2017.51001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2017.51001","url":null,"abstract":"Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important enzyme responsible for the cleavage of acetylcholine. Studies of the activity of this enzyme use an artificial substrate, acetylthiocholine, because a product of its catalysis, thiocholine, readily generates a light absorbing product upon reaction with Elman’s reagent 5,5’-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB). The hydrolysis of acetylcholine cannot be assayed with this method. The isothermal titration calorimetry can assay the hydrolysis of both substrates, without requiring additional reagents other than the enzyme and the substrate. To compare kinetic values obtained in the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylthiocholine (ATCh), with carbaryl acting as inhibitor, a calorimetric technique was used to evaluate kinetic properties of the two reactions. This method can show the hydrolysis of both substrates by the heat exchange that occurs during catalysis. In addition, it allowed the assessment of the AChE inhibition by carbaryl, a common insecticide. The results show a similarity between values obtained with both substrates, which are slightly higher for acetylcholine, the enzyme natural substrate. Enzymatic parameters values from ATCh and ACh were similar to each other and inhibitory constants using carbaryl were also similar, displaying that any approach to ACh is feasible using ATCh. The results obtained from ITC show the precision achieved by the calorimetric method.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46181961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Polyphosphatase PPN1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is a Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate Phosphohydrolase 酿酒酵母的多磷酸酶PPN1是一种脱氧腺苷三磷酸磷酸水解酶

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.44013

Andreeva Na, L. Trilisenko, M. Eldarov, T. Kulakovskaya

引用次数: 1

Lipase Catalyzed Methanolysis of Tri-(12-Hydroxy Stearoyl)-Glycerol in Organic Solvents 脂肪酶催化有机溶剂中三-(12-羟基硬脂酰)甘油的甲醇分解

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.4236/aer.2016.44014

S. Kang, T. Mckeon

引用次数: 1

Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil 蚯蚓酶作为土壤农药污染的指标

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.44011

R. Tiwari, Shikha Singh, R. Pandey, B. Sharma

{"title":"Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil","authors":"R. Tiwari, Shikha Singh, R. Pandey, B. Sharma","doi":"10.4236/AER.2016.44011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2016.44011","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the earthworms in the agricultural practices is well known. The increasing applications of pesticides and chemicals in the agricultural farms have adversely influenced the flora and fauna of the soil. Earthworms which immensely contribute in increasing the quality and fertility of agricultural soil are reported be worst hit organisms under such conditions. Recent reports have indicated growing interests among researchers to explore biochemical and molecular markers as indicators of accumulation of pollutants in the soil in general and pesticides in particular. The varying levels of several biomolecules in different parts of the earthworm have been reported which are indicative of sensitivity of the organisms to different xenobiotics. However, the existing information lacks the literature displaying stock of information regarding the impact of pesticides on the levels of some key enzymes regulating many crucial functions in the earthworm at one place. Keeping in view this issue, it was envisaged to bring out a mini review which illustrates updated information available on the impact of pesticides on the activities of certain key enzymes reported to be responsible for catalysing metabolic pathways concerning the neurotransmission system, energy metabolism, oxidative stress and amino acids metabolism in different body parts of the earthworms, a prospective bioindicators of pesticides contamination in the soil.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70485660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32