酶研究进展(英文)最新文献_第5页

Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil 蚯蚓酶作为土壤农药污染的指标

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-11-30 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.44011

R. Tiwari, Shikha Singh, R. Pandey, B. Sharma

{"title":"Enzymes of Earthworm as Indicators of Pesticide Pollution in Soil","authors":"R. Tiwari, Shikha Singh, R. Pandey, B. Sharma","doi":"10.4236/AER.2016.44011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2016.44011","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the earthworms in the agricultural practices is well known. The increasing applications of pesticides and chemicals in the agricultural farms have adversely influenced the flora and fauna of the soil. Earthworms which immensely contribute in increasing the quality and fertility of agricultural soil are reported be worst hit organisms under such conditions. Recent reports have indicated growing interests among researchers to explore biochemical and molecular markers as indicators of accumulation of pollutants in the soil in general and pesticides in particular. The varying levels of several biomolecules in different parts of the earthworm have been reported which are indicative of sensitivity of the organisms to different xenobiotics. However, the existing information lacks the literature displaying stock of information regarding the impact of pesticides on the levels of some key enzymes regulating many crucial functions in the earthworm at one place. Keeping in view this issue, it was envisaged to bring out a mini review which illustrates updated information available on the impact of pesticides on the activities of certain key enzymes reported to be responsible for catalysing metabolic pathways concerning the neurotransmission system, energy metabolism, oxidative stress and amino acids metabolism in different body parts of the earthworms, a prospective bioindicators of pesticides contamination in the soil.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"113-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70485660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Biological Association and Expressions of NOS3 & SOD2 in Non-Diabetic Senile Cataractogenesis NOS3和SOD2在非糖尿病老年性白内障发生中的生物学关联及表达

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-09-09 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.43009

Shamim Mushtaq, Meraj Zehra, A. Khan, Mehwish Ahmed, R. Ghani, N. Ahmed

{"title":"Biological Association and Expressions of NOS3 & SOD2 in Non-Diabetic Senile Cataractogenesis","authors":"Shamim Mushtaq, Meraj Zehra, A. Khan, Mehwish Ahmed, R. Ghani, N. Ahmed","doi":"10.4236/AER.2016.43009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2016.43009","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the functional relationship between the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes in the pathogenesis of human senile cataract lenses of non-diabetic patients. Methods: Total solubilized proteins from human cataract lens were compared with normal lens (control) by 2-Dimenstional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Proteins with different abundances were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Western blot analysis was used to verify the changes in expression of NOS3 and SOD2. A further functional association of NOS3 with SOD2 and other proteins was seen by STRING 8.3 databases. Results: In the 2-DE maps, the cataract and normal lens proteins migrated in the region of pH 3 - 10 with a relative molecular weight of 20 - 130 kDa. Approximately two protein spots with differential intensity were detected as NOS3 and SOD2 using MALDI-TOF-MS. Western blot analysis showed high expression of NOS3 in cataract and SOD2 in normal lens samples. String interaction network revealed strong interactions between NOS3 and SOD2 at high confidence score, which is helpful in characterization of functional abnormalities that may be a causative factor in the pathogenesis of cataract. Conclusion: This study will offer new avenues for mechanistic evaluation and future prevention of cataractogensis. However, large scale studies will be required to evaluate the effect of this interaction on the clinical outcome in human cataract.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":"161 1","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Beauveria bassiana and Their Enzymatic Extracts against Metamasius spinolae and Cyclocephala lunulata in Laboratory 球孢白僵菌及其酶提物对棘球棘球蚴和圆头绦虫的实验室抑菌效果评价

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-09-09 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.43010

Lluvia de Carolina Sánchez-Pérez, S. Rodríguez-Navarro, Víctor Hugo Marín-Cruz, M. Ramos-López, A. P. Ramos, J. E. Barranco-Florido

{"title":"Assessment of Beauveria bassiana and Their Enzymatic Extracts against Metamasius spinolae and Cyclocephala lunulata in Laboratory","authors":"Lluvia de Carolina Sánchez-Pérez, S. Rodríguez-Navarro, Víctor Hugo Marín-Cruz, M. Ramos-López, A. P. Ramos, J. E. Barranco-Florido","doi":"10.4236/AER.2016.43010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2016.43010","url":null,"abstract":"The application of enzymatic extracts and conidia of Beauveria bassiana in Metamasius spinolae and Cyclocephala lunulata was evaluated. The variables were mortality and time of death. In M. spinolae, mortality with extracts 29%, conidia 27% and the combination of both 31%, all had a time of death of four days. Although with different symptoms, used enzymatic extracts: contraction and softening of the joints; by conidia: mycelium in the joints; in the combination of conidia and enzymatic extracts: abundant aerial mycelium. In C. lunulata, 100% mortality in all treatments; Time of death: enzymatic extracts and extracts with conidia 1.2 days; conidia 2.8 days. Symptoms were different, enzymatic extracts: melanization and internal tissue lysis; enzymatic extract and conidia: mycelium emerged and melanization; conidia: mycelium emerged. Enzymatic extracts showed insecticidal activity in M. spinolae and C. lunulata. These results suggest the potential of enzymatic extracts as biocontrol agents to improve the use of entomopathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":"24 1","pages":"98-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70485642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Cellulase Production from Species of Fungi and Bacteria from Agricultural Wastes and Its Utilization in Industry: A Review 农业废弃物中真菌和细菌生产纤维素酶及其工业应用研究进展

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.42005

M. Imran, Z. Anwar, M. Irshad, M. Asad, H. Ashfaq

{"title":"Cellulase Production from Species of Fungi and Bacteria from Agricultural Wastes and Its Utilization in Industry: A Review","authors":"M. Imran, Z. Anwar, M. Irshad, M. Asad, H. Ashfaq","doi":"10.4236/AER.2016.42005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2016.42005","url":null,"abstract":"In energy deficient world, cellulases play a major role for the production of alternative energy resources utilizing lignocellulosic waste materials for bioethanol and biogas production. This study highlights fungal and bacterial strains for the production of cellulases and its industrial applications. Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is more suitable process for cellulase production as compared to submerge fermentation techniques. Fungal cellulosomes system for the production of cellulases is more desirable and resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Trichoderma species are considered as most suitable candidate for cellulase production and utilization in industry as compared to Aspergillus and Humicola species. However, genetically modified strains of Aspergillus have capability to produce cellulase in relatively higher amount. Bacterial cellulase are more resistant to alkaline and thermophile conditions and good candidate in laundries. Cellulases are used in variety of industries such as textile, detergents and laundries, food industry, paper and pulp industry and biofuel production. Thermally stable modified strains of fungi and bacteria are good future prospect for cellulase production.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"44-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70485991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 93

Formation of (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal and (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal by Plant Enzymes: A Review Suggests a Role in the Physiology of Plants 植物酶合成(2E)-4-羟基-2-壬烯醛和(2E)-4-羟基-2-己烯醛的研究进展

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.42006

H. Gardner

引用次数: 2

Partial Purification and Characterization of Protease from Abrus precatorius Linn. (Fabaceae) from Cameroon Abrus precatorius Linn蛋白酶的部分纯化及特性研究。(豆科)产自喀麦隆

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.42004

Mezajoug Kenfack Laurette Blandine, N. Serge, Tchiegang Clergé

引用次数: 1

Discovery and Characterization of a Thermostable Esterase from an Oil Reservoir Metagenome 油藏宏基因组中一种耐热酯酶的发现与表征

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.42008

A. Lewin, T. A. Strand, T. Haugen, G. Klinkenberg, H. Kotlar, S. Valla, F. Drabløs, A. Wentzel

{"title":"Discovery and Characterization of a Thermostable Esterase from an Oil Reservoir Metagenome","authors":"A. Lewin, T. A. Strand, T. Haugen, G. Klinkenberg, H. Kotlar, S. Valla, F. Drabløs, A. Wentzel","doi":"10.4236/AER.2016.42008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AER.2016.42008","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of identifying novel thermostable esterases, comprehensive sequence databases and cloned fosmid libraries of metagenomes derived from an offshore oil reservoir on the Norwegian Continental Shelf were screened for enzyme candidates using both sequence-and function-based screening. From several candidates identified in both approaches, one enzyme discovered by the functional approach was verified as a novel esterase and subjected to a deeper characterization. The enzyme was successfully over-produced in Escherichia coli and was shown to be thermostable up to 90°C, with the highest esterase activity on short-chain ester substrates and with tolerance to solvents and metal ions. The fact that the thermostable enzyme was solely found by functional screening of the oil reservoir metagenomes illustrates the importance of this approach as a complement to purely sequence-based screening, in which the enzyme candidate was not detected. In addition, this example indicates the large potential of deep-sub-surface oil reservoir metagenomes as a source of novel, thermostable enzymes of potential relevance for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":65616,"journal":{"name":"酶研究进展(英文)","volume":"04 1","pages":"68-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70486083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effect of Different Cultural Conditions for Phytase Production by Aspergillus niger in Submerged Fermentation 不同培养条件对黑曲霉深层发酵产植酸酶的影响

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.42007

Z. Suleimenova, N. Akhmetsadykov, A. Kalieva, K. Mustafin, Z. Saduyeva

引用次数: 5

Optima of Trypsin-Catalyzed Hydrolysis and Its Inhibition Determined by SDS-PAGE SDS-PAGE测定胰蛋白酶催化水解的最佳条件及其抑制作用

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-03-04 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.41001

Xueke Zhou, Tingting Wang, Anjun Wang, Renqiang Li

引用次数: 2

Characterization of an Exopolygalacturonase from Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, the Symbiotic Fungus of Atta sexdens 共生菌白松菇(Leucoagaricus gongylophorus)一种外聚半乳糖醛酸酶的鉴定

酶研究进展(英文) Pub Date : 2016-03-04 DOI: 10.4236/AER.2016.41002

P. R. Adalberto, C. C. Golfeto, A. Moreira, F. G. Almeida, D. Ferreira, Q. Cass, D. H. Souza

引用次数: 5