Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Research progress on vascular embolism in facial cosmetic injections","authors":"Yu Jiang ,&nbsp;Jia Zhou ,&nbsp;Kai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Injectable embolism is among the most severe complications associated with facial cosmetic injections. Occlusion of blood vessels by filler materials can have devastating consequences, including skin necrosis, ulceration, blindness, hemiplegia, and even death. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the etiology, anatomical considerations, and thrombolytic therapies for vascular embolism caused by common dermal fillers. These findings offer evidence-based insights to improve the clinical diagnosis and management of injection-induced embolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective review of orbital floor fractures presenting to Emergency Departments between 2012–2024 within NHS hospitals within the United Kingdom","authors":"Joshua Meng Hee Ding ,&nbsp;Zichen Lin ,&nbsp;Estie Kruger","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Orbital floor fractures, a common subtype of midfacial trauma, can result in significant morbidity, impact quality of life, and impose a substantial burden on the healthcare system. In the United Kingdom (UK), the National Health Service (NHS) provides emergency care for such injuries. This study aimed to examine the demographic trends of orbital floor fractures in the UK between 2012 and 2024 and to evaluate the temporal trend in the proportion of cases managed surgically.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were extracted from the NHS “Hospital Admitted Patient Care Activity” annual reports that includes data on orbital floor fractures. Following extraction to Microsoft Excel, data were standardized using census data from the Office for National Statistics to minimize bias. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Men were more potentially to develop orbital floor fractures. Presentations increased among patients aged ≥60, with the highest incidence in those ≥75 years. Fracture rates declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic but increased after social distancing measures were lifted. Most fractures were managed conservatively, and surgical interventions decreased over time.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Orbital floor fractures predominantly affected men and older adults. Future studies should investigate geographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors to guide public health policies. Initiatives targeting fall prevention are warranted to address the rising fracture incidence among patients aged ≥60 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment in laser and aesthetic medicine","authors":"Group for the Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment in Laser and Aesthetic Medicine ,&nbsp;Chinese Society of Plastic Surgery of the Chinese Medical Association,&nbsp;Chinese Society of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine of the Chinese Association of Plastics and Aesthetics","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2026.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2026.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser and aesthetic medicine refer to the medical field that uses lasers/light, radiofrequency, ultrasound, and other treatments on human skin or subcutaneous tissue to remove skin lesions and improve its appearance and overall condition. Over the past 30 years, with the development of technology, research in laser and aesthetic medicine has largely addressed common disease problems and basic aesthetic needs. However, complete and systematic clinical guidelines based on high-level evidence are still lacking to guide standardized diagnosis and treatment for clinical practitioners. The guideline combines relevant literature with high-level evidence and international consensus/guidelines. The authors organized experts on 26 related diseases in China. The aim was to provide a reference for future standardized diagnosis and treatment in laser and aesthetic medicine. The guideline covers the following common skin conditions: melasma, acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules, nevus of Ota, freckles, solar lentigines, Café-au-lait macules, Becker’s nevus, infraorbital dark circles, tattoo removal, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, vitiligo and hypopigmentation, melanocytic nevi, syringomas, xanthelasma palpebrarum, verrucous epidermal nevus, hypertrophic scars, keloids, acne scars, striae distensae, enlarged facial pores, telangiectasia, port-wine stains, facial wrinkles, facial skin laxity, noninvasive fat reduction, and hair removal. The guideline includes the etiology and clinical manifestations of the diseases, optional technologies for treatment, recommended equipment and parameters, and preferred solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 1-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of extensive Fournier’s gangrene induced by dual infection with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"Xiaoru Pan ,&nbsp;Shaoying Gao ,&nbsp;You Yuan ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Long ,&nbsp;Yang Jian ,&nbsp;Zairong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fournier’s gangrene is a rare urological condition with a poor prognosis and an extremely high mortality rate. Infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Fournier’s gangrene. Rapid assessment and thorough debridement are crucial for survival and prognosis of patients with this disease. The present case involved a 62-year-old male patient with poorly controlled diabetes, who presented with unexplained scrotal swelling for 2 days at a local hospital where scrotal surgical debridement was performed. However, the procedure was unsuccessful. This case was characterized by rapid disease progression, widespread wound involvement, and dual infection with multidrug-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Our team performed early, extensive surgical debridement and, based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing, initiated combination antibiotic therapy. The patient’s condition improved significantly after these interventions. However, the treatment was ultimately discontinued by the patient’s family for personal reasons, and follow-up care was declined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 220-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early active mobilization after eight-strand flexor tendon repair using double-stranded sutures: Outcomes of a digitally supervised rehabilitation protocol in zones II–V","authors":"Chandan Kumar Ramakrishnaiah ,&nbsp;Durga Karki ,&nbsp;Prashant Bahirani ,&nbsp;Sunil Sharma ,&nbsp;Shivani Ravish ,&nbsp;Itisha Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Flexor tendon injuries in zones II–V are challenging because of the risk of adhesions and rupture. Although early passive mobilization limits rupture, it often compromises the functional recovery. Recent approaches favor early active mobilization with strong, multi-stranded core sutures to enhance outcomes. This study evaluated early active mobilization after eight-strand core repair in a tertiary care setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective study, 143 tendons from 30 patients who underwent surgery were followed up. The injured tendons were repaired using an eight-strand cross-locked cruciate technique with a double-stranded 4-0 suture, providing the tensile strength of eight strands with the same number of suture passes as in traditional four-core repairs, thereby reducing operative time without increasing bulk. Early active mobilization was initiated on postoperative day 2. The patients underwent digitally supervised physiotherapy and were monitored using a dedicated WhatsApp group, which enabled real-time guidance and compliance monitoring. The outcomes were measured in terms of total active motion, grip strength, pinch strength, time to return to work, postoperative pain, and complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 30 patients, 28 (93.3%) had fair-to-excellent outcomes, whereas only 2 (6.7%) had poor outcomes. Most patients (93.3%) returned to work within 12 weeks postoperatively. Four (13.3%) patients had complications, such as wound infection and skin necrosis. The patients showed significant changes in grip strength (45.2%) and pinch strength (70.7%) between weeks 8 and 12. No tendon ruptures were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The eight-core suturing technique used for flexor tendon repair withstood the forces of early active mobilization, which began on the second day after surgery, resulting in fair-to-excellent outcomes. It supports digitally supervised physiotherapy through app-based monitoring, enhancing patient compliance, and reducing reliance on in-person therapy sessions. This combination led to excellent functional recovery with minimal complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 203-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bat ear repair using cartilage scoring technique versus cartilage excision technique","authors":"Mohamed Salama ,&nbsp;Bilal Ahmad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bat ear is a congenital condition that can have psychological effects on patients and is readily correctable, often yielding highly satisfactory outcomes for both patients and surgeons. It is crucial to select appropriate techniques in the surgical plan to ensure optimal outcomes. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of otoplasty using the cartilage scoring technique versus the cartilage excision technique for correcting the antihelix.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty patients were divided into two groups: group A underwent the cartilage scoring technique, and group B received the cartilage excision technique. Symmetry, satisfaction, and complications were evaluated and compared between the groups. A visual analog score (VAS) was used to assess the perceived symmetry and satisfaction in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Group A (cartilage scoring technique) demonstrated excellent postoperative symmetry, with a total symmetry score of 96/100 on cartilage grading. In group B, 6 of the 10 individuals reported high satisfaction (score: 10/10 points on VAS), whereas the remaining 4 reported moderate satisfaction (score: 5–9/10 points). The total symmetry score in group B (cartilage excision technique) was 92/100, which was lower than that in group A. No relapses in angle measurements were observed in group A. In contrast, group B showed six average and four slightly overcorrected angle measurements. In group B, the postoperative measures were less satisfactory. Angle measurements were average angles in four cases, and somewhat overcorrected in six. Regarding the helix-to-mastoid distance, three cases were within the average range, whereas seven were slightly overcorrected. No relapses were observed in either group. Concerning complications, we employed minus scoring to measure all complications. Group A had a negative score of −19, whereas group B had −24.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The outcomes were highly satisfactory for patients and surgeons treated using the cartilage scoring technique, and relatively less satisfactory for patients and surgeons treated using the cartilage excision technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 209-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global trends and regional dynamics in plastic surgery research: A bibliometric analysis","authors":"Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab ,&nbsp;Abdullah Farasani ,&nbsp;Zenat A. Khired ,&nbsp;Abdelkhalig Hussein Elhilu ,&nbsp;Ahmad Assiri ,&nbsp;Waseem Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a notable scarcity of comprehensive bibliometric studies examining plastic surgery research across extended or recent timeframes and diverse regions in relevant journals. The major objective of this study was to comprehensively map historical trends and the global distribution of plastic surgery research efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis (using the Scopus database) of 35 core plastic surgery journals identified in these studies. All the data were extracted from the Scopus database in June 2025. The timeframe was set from 1946 to June 2025, and only original research and review articles were included in the detailed analysis. Countries were grouped into seven regions (Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, and the United States as standalone categories) to examine regional publication trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1946 to June 2025, 208 381 documents were published in 35 journals, of which 162 ​014 were eligible for analysis. The annual publication output has grown steadily, peaking at 8 277 by 2024. The United States led with 66 ​174 publications, followed by Europe (46 ​688), and Asia (31 ​785). Citation analysis of the top 100 regional papers revealed that the United States (70 530 citations) was the most impactful, followed by Europe (43 ​869), Asia (28 ​657), and Australia and New Zealand (23 ​409). The 100 most-cited papers globally accrued 78 ​833 citations, were dominated by United States-based contributions (71%), and were primarily published in <em>Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</em> (57 papers). Chung KC, Mulliken JB, and Coleman SR emerged as the top authors (among the 100 most-cited global publications). Authors’ performance is presented as the number of publications, citations, h-index, g-index, m-index, HG composite, and Q2 index.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study extends prior bibliometric investigations by offering a complete historical and geographical perspective on plastic surgery research. This inclusive, regionalized methodology provides a robust framework for future benchmarking and global equity assessments in surgical scholarship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of problem-based and team-based learning in clinical teaching of plastic and reconstructive surgery","authors":"Ya Gao,&nbsp;Chiakang Ho,&nbsp;Dongsheng Wen,&nbsp;Yangdan Liu,&nbsp;Qingfeng Li,&nbsp;Danning Zheng,&nbsp;Yifan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study explored the value of integrating problem-based learning (PBL) and team-based learning (TBL) methods into plastic and reconstructive surgery clinical practice. By addressing the challenges faced in traditional teachings, this study aimed to enhance educational outcomes and prepare students for real-world surgical scenarios, thereby improving patient care in this specialized field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were selected as research subjects. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the combined PBL-TBL teaching method, whereas the control group received the traditional teaching. The teaching effect was evaluated based on student satisfaction and academic performance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The student satisfaction in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). Subjective scoring for academic performance by instructors was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The PBL and TBL combination had a significant effect when applied in plastic and reconstructive surgery clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 217-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb salvage in a neonate with primary congenital lymphedema and Kasabach-Merritt-like phenomenon using negative pressure wound therapy and acellular dermal matrix: A case report","authors":"Phu Man Truong Ho ,&nbsp;Nhat Dang Huy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Linh Khanh Le ,&nbsp;Dat Thanh Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary congenital lymphedema (PCL) is a rare lymphatic disorder that typically presents in early life and is usually managed conservatively. In severe neonatal cases, however, complications such as skin necrosis and coagulopathy can occur. We report the case of a term male infant with prenatally diagnosed vascular malformations who presented with progressive limb swelling, hemorrhagic skin necrosis, and systemic signs of infection. Laboratory findings revealed severe thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy, consistent with Kasabach-Merritt-like phenomenon. The patient underwent staged surgical management, including limb decompression and debridement, followed by negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), application of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM), and full-thickness skin grafting. The combined use of ADM and NPWT promoted rapid granulation tissue formation and neovascularization, resulting in stable wound coverage and successful limb preservation. Follow-up at 12 months showed excellent graft take, improved limb function, and no recurrence of necrosis or infection. This case highlights the potential role of integrating NPWT and regenerative scaffolds in managing complex neonatal wounds associated with PCL and Kasabach-Merritt-like phenomenon. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing such an approach in a neonate, offering a viable limb-salvaging strategy in otherwise life-threatening presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 224-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing stem cells and tissue engineering for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction—A mini review","authors":"Rudhra Kannan ,&nbsp;Anitha Balaji","doi":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjprs.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oral and maxillofacial reconstruction represents one of the most complex challenges in plastic and reconstructive surgery, requiring the restoration of both form and function in highly specialized anatomical regions. Traditional strategies, including local flaps and autologous bone grafts, remain fundamental but are limited by donor-site morbidity, tissue availability, and unpredictable outcomes. Recent advances in regenerative medicine have shifted the paradigm from repair to true regeneration, harnessing stem cells, biomaterial scaffolds, and signaling molecules in a synergistic approach. Dental- and craniofacial tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, along with adipose-derived stem cells, demonstrate significant potential for alveolar bone repair, periodontal regeneration, and soft tissue augmentation. Innovations in three-dimensional printing and bioactive matrices have enabled precise scaffold design and improved vascularization, thereby enhancing both predictability and esthetic outcomes. This mini review focuses on the synergistic role of stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules in oral and maxillofacial regeneration, with an emphasis on the unique contributions of periodontists. By integrating periodontal biology with reconstructive techniques, a new collaborative framework is emerging to optimize regenerative outcomes. Future research must address clinical translation, large-scale trials, cost-effectiveness, and personalized approaches to fully realize the promise of regenerative surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":65600,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","volume":"7 4","pages":"Pages 228-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}