Poland syndrome complicated by macromastia in an adolescent female: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital condition characterized by unilateral absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle, frequently accompanied by breast and chest wall anomalies. We report the case of an 18-year-old Chinese female diagnosed with PS complicated by contralateral macromastia who presented with significant breast asymmetry. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left breast volume of 618.90 mL and a right breast volume of 1 137.04 mL. The patient underwent a staged reconstruction that included a right breast reduction mammaplasty and three sessions of autologous fat grafting to the left breast. Postoperative imaging 3 months after the final procedure confirmed near symmetry, with volumes measuring 831.37 mL (left) and 841.07 mL (right). The clinical follow-up demonstrated stable results and no complications. This case underscores the importance of individualized surgical planning, precise volumetric assessment, and the role of fat grafting in achieving satisfactory aesthetic outcomes in patients with PS and complex breast deformities.