Journal of Molecular Histology最新文献

{"title":"Minocycline attenuates TLR-4, NF-kB, TNF-α and COX-2 protein expression after lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)","authors":"Entesar Yaseen Abdo Qaid,&nbsp;Zuraidah Abdullah,&nbsp;Rahimah Zakaria,&nbsp;Idris Long","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10419-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10419-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Minocycline has been shown to ameliorate neuroinflammation that was encountered in many neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to investigate the expression of inflammatory mediators in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after minocycline treatment in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced neuroinflammation rat model. Adult male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (N = 50) were divided into 5 groups: (1) control, (2) LPS (5 mg/kg), (3) LPS + minocycline (25 mg/kg), (4) LPS + minocycline (50 mg/kg) and (5) LPS + memantine (10 mg/kg). Intraperitoneal minocycline and memantine were given daily for 14 days, while LPS injection was given once on the 5th day. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to assess density and expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats. Findings displayed that minocycline significantly decreased expression and density of TLR-4, NF-kB, TNF-α and COX-2 proteins that were comparable to memantine in mPFC of SD rat injected with single intraperitoneal LPS. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory effects of minocycline 50 mg/kg were significantly more than minocycline 25 mg/kg. This study suggested that minocycline can modulate LPS-induced neuroinflammation in dose-dependent manner in the mPFC area. Thus, it is suggested that minocycline can be used as potential preventive-therapeutic drug for neuroinflammatory diseases such as depression and anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N6-methyladenosine-modified circ_0000517 promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via miR-1233-3p/CDH6 axis","authors":"Weixian Lin,&nbsp;Lifang Huang,&nbsp;Zhu’an Ou,&nbsp;Yiwen Xuan,&nbsp;Daoqi Zhu,&nbsp;Qipeng Zhang,&nbsp;Enwu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10421-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10421-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit dysregulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and regulate the malignant biological behavior of NSCLC. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of circRNAs plays a critical role in multiple malignant tumors, and their biological relevance in NSCLC is unclear. Herein, this study was conducted to investigate the novel functional mechanism of highly expressed circ_0000517 in NSCLC by developing in vitro experiments. We found that circ_0000517 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and that increased circ_0000517 expression was associated with m6A modification. Biologically, silenced circ_0000517 hindered the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro, and also suppressed the EMT-related process. Mechanistically, highly expressed circ_0000517 activated CDH6 expression and EMT evolution through sponging miR-1233-3p. Notably, miR-1233-3p had the opposite effect and reversed the promotion effect of circ_0000517 on the malignant biological behavior of NSCLC cells. Our study revealed a promising novel endogenous regulatory network that m6A-modified circ_0000517 accelerated malignant evolution of NSCLC by targeting the miR-1233-3p/CDH6 axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of wheat sprout extract on acrylamide-induced toxicity in testis, prostate gland and sperm parameters of rats","authors":"Hamid Reza Moradi,&nbsp;Nasrin Kazemipour,&nbsp;Saeed Nazifi,&nbsp;Melika Khodayari,&nbsp;Laleh Samadi,&nbsp;Alireza Yousefi","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10414-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10414-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acrylamide (ACR) is a harmful compound that forms in food cooked at high temperatures, influenced by food type, preparation methods, temperature, and cooking time. Recent studies have indicated that ACR adversely affects male reproductive system and sperm health, primarily through oxidative stress. Wheat sprout (WS) is a unique medicinal plant that contains a high number of antioxidants. The main objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of WS treatment on histological, biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in the testis and prostate as well as on the sperm parameters of rats exposed to ACR. Twenty adult male rats were split into four groups. One group received 1 mL normal saline, another group received 50 mg/kg ACR, third group received 200 mg/kg WS and fourth group received a combination of ACR (50 mg/kg) and WS (200 mg/kg). After 21 days, the epididymis was immediately examined for assessment of sperm. The prostate and left testis were placed in 10% formalin for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. The right testes were removed to measure testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. ACR consumption significantly decreased sperm count, viability, motility, and DNA fragmentation, whereas WS intake significantly improved these sperm parameters (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Compared with ACR, WS enhanced spermatogenesis indices, including TDI- and SI-positive seminiferous tubules, Johnson score, testis weight, body weight, and relative weight (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, WS significantly reduced p53 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression, thereby counteracting ACR-induced apoptosis. The findings suggest that WS may effectively enhance and restore the histomorphometric, cellular, and hormonal changes in the male reproductive system caused by ACR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes from miR-21-5p-modified adipose-derived stem cells promote wound healing by regulating M2 macrophage polarization in a rodent model of pressure ulcer","authors":"Yongsheng Su,&nbsp;Zhibin Huang,&nbsp;Yuanwen Chen,&nbsp;Jingcheng Deng,&nbsp;Yubin Huang,&nbsp;Wei Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10407-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10407-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pressure ulcers represent a significant healthcare burden worldwide. Numerous research has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC)-derived exosomes in promoting wound healing. This study aims to investigate whether exosomes derived from miRNA-modified ADSCs play a role in pressure ulcers by affecting inflammation and macrophage polarization. ADSCs were identified by detecting the surface markers and multilineage differentiation potential. Lentiviruses carrying miR-21-5p were transduced in ADSCs for stable overexpression. Exosomes were extracted from ADSCs and identified. RT-qPCR was employed to detect RNA levels. A mouse model of pressure ulcers was established, followed by injection of exosomes. DiO staining was conducted to assess exosome biodistribution at wound sites. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were conducted for histological analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate TNF-α and IL-6 expression in mouse wound tissues. Western blotting was conducted to evaluate protein levels of macrophage polarization markers in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that exosomes derived from miR-21-5p-overexpressing ADSCs promoted wound healing and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse wound tissues. Moreover, exosomal miR-21-5p induced macrophage M2 polarization in both mouse wound tissues and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Mechanistically, exosomal miR-21-5p inhibited NF-κB signal transduction in mouse wound tissues. In conclusion, ADSC-derived exosomes promote M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit inflammatory response in pressure ulcers via miR-21-5p delivery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of ozone exposure on apoptotic mechanisms in Colo-320 and Colo-741 cell lines: implications for cancer therapy","authors":"Remziye Kendirci-Katirci,&nbsp;Ertan Katirci,&nbsp;Tuna Onal,&nbsp;H. Seda Vatansever","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10409-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10409-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of ozone exposure on apoptotic mechanisms in primary (Colo-320) and metastatic (Colo-741) cell lines. Colo-320 and Colo-741 cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and treated with 20 µg/mL ozone for 72 h after MTT assay. Inverted microscopy was used for morphological assessment, and immunocytochemistry followed by H-SCORE analysis was performed to measure the expression of apoptotic markers. The statistical analysis was conducted using unpaired T-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, with significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05. Morphological analysis showed no significant changes in cell shape in Colo-320 or Colo-741 cells after ozone exposure. However, immunocytochemical analysis revealed significant increases in semi-quantitative histological scores (H-SCORES) for cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and cytochrome c in both cell lines, indicating enhanced apoptotic activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Conversely, Bcl-2 expression was significantly decreased in both Colo-320 and Colo-741 cell lines after ozone exposure (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Ozone exposure promoted apoptosis in both Colo-320 and Colo-741 cell lines, as evidenced by increased pro-apoptotic markers and decreased anti-apoptotic markers. These molecular changes were notable, yet they did not visibly alter cell morphology. The observed similarities between Colo-320 and Colo-741 cell responses suggest the need for further investigation. These findings indicate that ozone exposure may influence tumor cell apoptosis while preserving cell structure, highlighting the necessity of further research into its potential therapeutic implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary assessment of cardiovascular effects and chemoinformatic analysis of total aqueous extract and fractions from Inula viscosa leaves","authors":"Fatima El hajji,&nbsp;Zineb Hakkou,&nbsp;Ayman M. Al-Qaaneh,&nbsp;Moulay Hfid Youssoufi,&nbsp;Zachee Louis Evariste Akissi,&nbsp;Sevser Sahpaz,&nbsp;Chaimae Alla,&nbsp;Amal Zahi,&nbsp;Sanae Abid,&nbsp;Sergey Shityakov,&nbsp;Abderrahim Ziyyat,&nbsp;Hassane Mekhfi,&nbsp;Mohamed Bnouham,&nbsp;Abdelkhaleq Legssyer","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10408-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10408-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Inula viscosa&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Aiton [&lt;i&gt;Dittrichia viscosa&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Greuter] (Asteraceae) is an evergreen perennial herb that grows in different regions of the Mediterranean Basin. It has been particularly used for the treatment of hypertension and diabetes in the Eastern and South-East regions of Morocco. To assess the cardiovascular effects of total aqueous extract and various fractions of &lt;i&gt;Inula viscosa&lt;/i&gt; leaves in rat-isolated hearts and aortic rings, and to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of the most active extract(s). In Langendorff's isolated heart system, heart rate (HR) and left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) were measured for three increasing concentrations of TAE, DCMF, EAF, BF, and AF (0.003, 0.03, and 0.3 mg/mL). Propranolol (1.5 × 10⁻&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; M) and Verapamil (2 × 10⁻&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; M) were used to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of both EAF and BF. In isolated intact aortic rings, four cumulative concentrations of EAF and BF (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, and 1 mg/mL) were tested for their vasorelaxant effects. The role of the endothelium in the vasorelaxant effect of EAF was examined by denuding aortic rings. To explore the involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, β-adrenergic receptors, calcium channels, and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;⁺-ATPase (SERCA) pump, intact aortic rings were preincubated with L-NAME (10⁻&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; M), Propranolol hydrochloride (10⁻&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; M), Verapamil hydrochloride (10⁻&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; M), and Thapsigargin (10⁻&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt; M), respectively. The hypotensive effects of both BF (125 mg/kg) and EAF (125 mg/kg) were evaluated indirectly using the tail-cuff method in normotensive rats. Additionally, the antioxidant activity, as well as the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of all prepared extracts, were determined. To further investigate the antioxidant properties, computational analysis was conducted to determine the bond dissociation energies of the hydroxyl groups on the B-ring of luteolin and quercetin, which are present in EAF and BF, respectively. Finally, an UHPLC analysis was performed for BF. In isolated perfused hearts, TAE induced a dose-dependent positive inotropic effect, accompanied by mild bradycardia. EAF exhibited both positive inotropic and chronotropic effects in a concentration-dependent manner. BF demonstrated a highly dose-dependent, selective positive inotropic effect (LVDP = 76.5 ± 19.2% vs. control at 0.3 mg/mL) with no significant impact on HR. Our findings suggest that BF acts independently of β-adrenoreceptor-dependent pathways, whereas EAF may exert its effects through β-agonistic activity. Additionally, Ca&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;⁺ channels may play a role in the effects of both fractions. In phenylephrine-precontracted thoracic arteries, both BF and EAF induced concentration-dependent vasorelaxation, with EAF producing the most potent vasorelaxant effect (E&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; = 84.16 ± 3.68%). EAF mediates an endothelium-independen","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: a novel approach to skin regeneration via signaling pathways activation","authors":"Maryam Kananivand,&nbsp;Fatemeh Nouri,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Yousefi,&nbsp;Ali Pajouhi,&nbsp;Hakimeah Ghorbani,&nbsp;Hamed Afkhami,&nbsp;Zahra Sadat Razavi","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10394-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10394-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accelerating wound healing is a crucial objective in surgical and regenerative medicine. The wound healing process involves three key stages: inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in promoting tissue regeneration, particularly by enhancing epidermal cell migration and proliferation. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated wound healing remain unclear. This review highlights the pivotal role of MSCs and their exosomes in wound repair, with a specific focus on critical signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, WNT/β-catenin, Notch, and MAPK. These pathways regulate essential cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that MSCs accelerate wound closure, enhance collagen deposition, and modulate immune responses, contributing to improved tissue regeneration. Understanding these mechanisms provides valuable insights into MSC-based therapeutic strategies for enhancing wound healing.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Effects of mesenchymal stem cell and its derived-exosome treatment on skin regeneration and tissue repair via activation of different signaling pathways</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin prevents sarcopenia by reversing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage","authors":"Jianwei Sun,&nbsp;Haibing Liu,&nbsp;Ying Yan,&nbsp;Fei Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10411-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10411-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effectiveness of quercetin (QUE) in preventing sarcopenia via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thirty SD rats were categorized into three groups: a young control group (Y), an old control group (O), and an old QUE-supplemented group (O + QUE). Body weight and grip strength were monitored weekly during the experiment. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscle weights, gastrocnemius tissue pathological examination, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage were evaluated using HE, TUNEL staining, electron microscopy, and JC-1 staining. Biochemical assays and molecular biology techniques (qPCR and Western blot) were used to assess oxidative stress markers and the expression of sarcopenia-related genes and proteins. QUE supplementation increased muscle weight and improved grip strength in aged rats. Furthermore, QUE supplementation alleviated tissue damage, apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and decreased damage to oxidative stress and mitochondria in the gastrocnemius of old rats. Molecular assessments revealed downregulation of muscle degradation markers (MuRF1, Atrogen-1, Bnip3) and upregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway proteins, suggesting a mechanistic pathway through which QUE mitigates sarcopenia. QUE maybe modulate the PI3K/AKT pathway to alleviate oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and muscle degradation due to aging, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent against sarcopenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic salvation: HIIT and herbal allies reverse NAFLD damage in rats","authors":"Ehsan Arabzadeh,&nbsp;Amir Sarshin,&nbsp;Foad Feizolahi,&nbsp;Majid Mohabbat,&nbsp;Mohammad-Ali Soleiman-Fallah,&nbsp;Alireza Rahimi,&nbsp;Anatoli Petridou,&nbsp;Zahra Emami,&nbsp;Helena Tajik,&nbsp;Reza Bozorg Omid,&nbsp;Amir Maleki,&nbsp;Hamid Ekrami Ogholbag,&nbsp;Ali Khademi,&nbsp;Mehdi Zargani","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10413-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10413-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fatty liver disease is a build-up of fats in the liver that can damage the organ and lead to serious complications. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training and supplementation (milk thistle, chicory and cumin) on liver metabolites related to its function and health in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Forty adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 215 ± 10 g were divided into a control group fed on the basal diet and four experimental groups fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The 4 NAFLD groups were subdivided and treated with (a) plain HFD, (b) high-intensity interval training (HIIT), (c) supplement (milk thistle, chicory, and cumin), and (d) combined HIIT and supplementation for 4 weeks. The induction of NAFLD through HFD yielded dyslipidemia, liver tissue damage, increased malondialdehyde, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), as well as decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) in liver tissue (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The 4 weeks intervention with either HIIT, supplement or especially the combined application of both, reversed these factors (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) through changes in their concentrations in a direction indicative of enhanced liver health and function. HIIT beside supplementation (milk thistle, chicory, and cumin) improved indices related to oxidative stress, lipid profile, and the expression of PI3K, UCP2, PGC-1α genes expression and PGC-1α protein content, making it potentially promising in the treatment of liver damage caused by HFD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10735-025-10413-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive assessment of smokeless tobacco (Shammah) extract: unraveling the effects on hematological parameters, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and organ health in rats","authors":"Mabrouk A. Abo-Zaid,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdulaziz Alfattah,&nbsp;Nabila Fathi Elashmawy,&nbsp;Hanan Ahmed Hamdi,&nbsp;Bedor Ali Yatimi,&nbsp;Latifah Abdu Hakami,&nbsp;Amira Ahmed Malhan,&nbsp;Tawfiq AlFaifi,&nbsp;Abadi M. Mashlawi,&nbsp;Sultan Areshi,&nbsp;Ali Hassan Amin,&nbsp;Khalid M. Elazab,&nbsp;Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan,&nbsp;Ahmed Hanafy Ismail","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10403-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10403-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>\u0000 Shammah, also known as smokeless tobacco, is a form of tobacco product consumed without combustion, commonly used in various cultures, particularly in the Middle East and parts of Africa. The experiment was conducted in four groups control male and female, also treated male and female. The administration of Shammah extract induced significant hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes in both female and male rats. Treated females showed a decrease in total leukocyte count (TLC) to 9900, while treated males increased to 14,525. Lymphocyte percentage decreased by 9.5% in females and 6.02% in males, with neutrophil counts rising by 24.6% and 20.5%, respectively. Eosinophil levels surged by 240% in females and 50.3% in males. Hemoglobin levels decreased by 12.4–13.1% in females, while males showed a non-significant increase to 15.68. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased to 1.57 in females (57% increase) and 1.93 in males (70.8% increase). Antioxidant enzymes decreased, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 3.53 (116.2% decrease) in females and 3.90 (45.8% decrease) in males. Kidney function assessments revealed elevated urea levels of 36.35 (84.8% increase) in females and 43.17 (131.2% increase) in males, alongside creatinine levels of 1.28 (75.3% increase) in females and 1.56 (90.2% increase) in males. Histopathological examinations showed untreated livers with a typical structure, while treated livers exhibited infiltrative cell aggregations, venous congestion, hemorrhage, and edema. Treated kidneys showed severe glomerular atrophy and degeneration. Spleens from treated groups had blending of white and red pulp, while brains displayed hemorrhage and distorted neurons in males, and ghost neurons in females. Treated testes exhibited dilated blood vessels, edema, and reduced spermatogenesis, while treated ovaries showed cyst formation and vacuolar degeneration. These findings indicate significant oxidative stress and organ damage associated with Shammah extract exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}