{"title":"Blood and Histopathological Biomarkers of Immune-related Adverse Effects of Treatment with Immune \u0000Checkpoint Inhibitors","authors":"Yogesh Jheengut, Y. Liu, Ling Liu","doi":"10.34175/jno201904002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno201904002","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding author: Ling Xiang Liu, MD, PhD, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Tel: +86 25 6830 6714; Email: llxlau@163.com. Introduction Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibodies and anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand (PDL1) antibodies are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) currently being used for the treatment of many cancers, including metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and colorectal cancer. The ICI can be used either alone or in combination with other therapies. However, by disrupting the balance or the control of the immune system, these immune checkpoint inhibitors, can also generate autoimmune toxicities, which mainly involve the gut, skin, endocrine glands, liver, and lungs, but can affect any tissue. This review, provides an overview of the latest and most relevant blood and histopathological biomarkers which can be used to predict or detect the organ specific adverse effects following the use of ICI. Where appropriate, other biomarkers that can be used to detect or predict organ specific adverse effects are described.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69825127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in the Use of Molecular Hydrogen for Cancer Treatment","authors":"Dongyue Du, Yunhua Peng, Jiankang Liu, J. Long","doi":"10.34175/JNO201903001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/JNO201903001","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding author: Jian Gang Long, PhD, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi’an 710049, China; Tel: +86 199 2907 2355; Email: jglong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn Introduction Hydrogen is the smallest molecule, and is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, and nontoxic gas at ambient temperatures [1]. Over the past few decades, there has been extensive researches on the beneficial effects of hydrogen in the clinical setting, including studies of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and potential anti-cancer activity [2]. The possibility of using hydrogen in the treatment of cancer was first described by Dore M et al. in 1975. They reported that hyperbaric hydrogen treatment for 2 weeks could lead to significant regression of skin carcinomas in mice [3]. However, concerns about the safety of transporting, storing and administering hyperbaric hydrogen limited the application of this therapy. However, in 2007, Ohsawa I et al. suggested that inhaling small amounts of hydrogen gas could selectively reduce the level of oxygen radicals, and could protect neurons from injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion or inflammation [4]. Since then, the potential therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen have attracted increasing attention. Several studies have shown that hydrogen has positive effects against metabolic syndrome, inflammation, injury, and cancer [5]. The application of hydrogen for cancer treatment is now a hot research topic. Clinical and experimental research has indicated that hydrogen could reduce complications associated with treatment using conventional anti-cancer drugs, could prevent cancer progression and could improve the quality of life of cancer patients. In this article, we review the progress made in the application of hydrogen for the prevention and treatment of cancer, and propose future directions for research on the potential use of molecular hydrogen for cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69824759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duo Wang, Hong Wu, X. Liang, Junjie Liu, Hang Li, Chuan Xu
{"title":"Advances in the Application of Intestinal Flora in Anti-tumor Therapy","authors":"Duo Wang, Hong Wu, X. Liang, Junjie Liu, Hang Li, Chuan Xu","doi":"10.34175/JNO201902002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/JNO201902002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69824320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Neutrophils in Cancer Development","authors":"Fei Fei Guo, Jiu wei Cui","doi":"10.34175/jno201902005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno201902005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69824645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamentals of the Warburg Effect in Cancer","authors":"Pi Xian Zhang, Ya Qi Xing, Yong Dong Niu","doi":"10.34175/jno201903002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno201903002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69824805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Q. Zhang, D. Heruth, Mark Lee Jr., Ding-You Li, D. Maulik, S. Ye
{"title":"Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase and Cancer: A Molecular Nutrition Link","authors":"L. Q. Zhang, D. Heruth, Mark Lee Jr., Ding-You Li, D. Maulik, S. Ye","doi":"10.34175/jno201601005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34175/jno201601005","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT, EC 2.4.2.12), a pleiotropic protein, is a key enzyme for cellular NAD synthesis and may function as a growth factor or cytokine. Dysregulation of NAMPT gene expression has been implicated in several human diseases. In recent years, an increasing attention has been drawn to NAMPT’s role in the pathogenesis of cancer and its value as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy. A molecular nutrition link between NAMPT and cancer looms large among the scientific findings. This review article will be centered on this theme. We will summarize the genomic discoveries of NAMPT in cancer and the current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying NAMPT in the pathogenesis of cancer, especially on a molecular nutrition link. We will also synopsize several small molecule inhibitors of NAMPT and their potential therapeutic utilities in cancer and usher in some terra incognita of future researches on NAMPT in cancer.","PeriodicalId":64349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutritional Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69824242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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