2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007最新文献

{"title":"Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers for gas sensing applications","authors":"Ildoo Kim, A. Rothschild, H. Tuller, D. Y. Kim, S. Jo","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-87","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured TiO2 has attracted much attention for a variety of applications including photocatalysts, electrodes for water photolysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, and gas sensors. In this work we report on TiO2 fiber mats for use in gas sensors demonstrating exceptionally high sensitivity to NO2, a toxic gas responsible for acid rain and other air pollution effects, and high sensitivity to H2, a potentially explosive gas.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73756141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium Dioxide Nanostructured Coatings: Application in Photocatalysis and Sensors","authors":"D. A. Rousan, J. Byrne, G. Dale, Donaldson V.J.A., Dunlop P.S.M., Hamilton J.W.J., T. McMurray, J. Rankin","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-63","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some of the research work taking place at the University of Ulster investigating preparation, characterisation and application of nanostructred TiO2. Four exemplars are used to demonstrate the potential applications of these materials i.e. photocatalytic disinfection of water containing chlorine resistant microorganisms, photocatalytic ‘self-cleaning’ of surfaces contaminated with protein, transducers for electrochemical biosensors and finally new opportunities presented by electrochemical growth of TiO2 aligned nanotubes.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73582116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Transfer Cost-Effectiveness of Nanofluids","authors":"L. Pan, D. Xu, Q. Yao","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-21","url":null,"abstract":"When metal or oxide nano particles are dispersed in liquids to form nanofluids, the particles improve thermal conductivity of the liquids. Therefore, it is suggested to use nanofluids as coolants to improve heat-exchanger efficiency. However, the nano particles also cause the increase of fluid viscosity. The present paper has numerically studied the flow and heat transfer of the nanofluids in a 2-D microchannel by using Computational Fluid Dynamics method. It is found that although the nano particles enhance the heat transfer rate of the fluids about certain percentage, the nano particles also cause an increase of viscous shear stress, and further causes an increase of the power consumption to deliver the nanofluids through the microchannels. To explore their advantage, nanofluids are suggested to be used as coolants to improve the thermal efficiency and to reduce the size of heat exchangers. However, the nanofluids also enlarge fluid shear stresses on solid interfaces. This is because that the nano particles increase the viscosity of the fluids. The enlarged shear stresses will increase the fluid drags. This makes it difficult for the nanofluids to flow through the fluidic systems comparing with those base liquids (2, 3). Therefore, a big pressure difference is required to drive the nanofluids to flow through the fluidic systems. This in turn will cause more power consumption. So, one has to carefully analyze the gain and the loss or cost-effectiveness, before adopting the nanofluids as coolants. To investigate the cost-effectiveness of using nanofluids as coolants, Computational Fluid Dynamics method is employed to directly simulate the flow and heat transfer of the nanofluids in a 2-dimensional micro channel in the present paper. Basically there are two different numerical methods for doing these. One is based on molecular dynamics which directly focuses on the molecular behaviors of the nano particles. This method needs more CPU time and computer memory. The other is based on Navier-Stokes questions with introducing the thermal and dynamic parameters of the nanofluids obtained from the mixture fluid theory and experimental measurements. The latter provides useful information for researchers and engineers to understand the flow and heat transfer profiles of the fluidic devices with less CPU time and computer memory (2, 3). Therefore, it is employed in the present paper to study the cost-effectiveness of the nanofluids in a 2-dimensional micro channel.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80907158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoporous Silicon Membrane Based Micro Fuel Cells for Portable Power Sources","authors":"K. Chu, M. Shannon, R. Masel","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-19","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the preparation of nanoporous silicon membranes and their usage for the solid electrolyte in micro fuel cells compatible with silicon micro-fabrication technology is presented. The effects of different membrane structures and fuel concentrations were studied. And the micro fuel cell design for improved performances is discussed.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73086241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Some Enzymatic Responses of E. coli to Photocatalytic TiO2","authors":"H. Chou, A. Erdem, C. Huang, Lin H-Y, D. Metzler","doi":"10.1002/9780470396612.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470396612.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of photocatalytic nano-TiO2 on the survival or die-off of E coli (e.g. TB1) were investigated under ambient conditions. Experimentally, 18-h E. coli culture was exposed to photocatalytic nano-TiO2 at various concentrations, e.g., 0 to 1,000 mg/L and particle sizes, e.g., 3 to 55 nm both in darkness and the presence of several light sources including a simulated solar light. Preliminary results indicated that there was bacteria die-off in the presence of nanoscale TiO2 in dark. Generally it appears that the growth rate decreases as the particle size decreases. The presence of light irradiation significantly enhanced the killing of E. coli due to additional photocatalytic activity. Upon exposure of E. coli to nano-TiO2 the photocatalytic activity that was generated has markedly increased the production of MDA, TTC and GST. SEM observations vividly indicate cell wall damages.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75109130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermostability of TiO2 nanoparticle and its Photocatalytic Reactivity at Different Anatase/Rutile Ratio","authors":"C. P. Huang, Kuo C-S, Y. Y. Li, Lin H-Y, T. Y.H.","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-68","url":null,"abstract":"Thermostability study of commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out by ascending annealing temperature from 400 to 1100 C. The thermostability of TiO2 structure was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Anatase-Rutile phase transition occurred only when temperature exceeds 600C. Rutile weight fraction increased from 25 to 100 % between 400 to 840 C. Phase transition activation energy was calculated by using Arrenhius plot to be 27 kJ/mol. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were applied to determine the size of grown particles. Results of particle size analysis using TEM imaging method were the same as those using BET instruments up to 840 C. BET measurements tend to overestimate the particle size at temperature greater than 840 C. In contrast, DLS overestimate the size of TiO2 particles due to agglomeration in solution. Mean TiO2 particle sizes grew from 25 to 450 nm when temperature increased from 400 to 1100 C. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reactivity in the degradation of dye decreased with the increase of particle size and rutile fraction.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81708301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Simulation Studies on the Adsorption of Mercuric Chloride","authors":"R. R. Kotdawala, N. Kazantzis, R. Thompson","doi":"10.1071/EN06034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN06034","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context. The Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 identified mercury and associated compounds as hazardous air pollutants of particular concern to human health and the environment. Coal-fired power plants and municipal solid waste incinerators are significant sources of mercury-containing emissions. Adsorption represents a common technique used to alleviate mercury contamination. The present study uses molecular simulations to study the correlation between key surface characteristics of the adsorbent and its mercury capturing ability with a view to the selection and design of novel adsorbents. Abstract. In the present study, Monte Carlo simulations were used to model the physical adsorption of oxidised mercury (mercuric chloride) by zeolite NaX and activated carbon in the temperature range of 400–500 K. In particular, we considered zeolite NaX with spherical cavities and sodium cations, as well as activated carbon with slit carbon pores and hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl sites, and layers of calcium hydroxide. The adsorption capacity and affinity of zeolite NaX were compared with those displayed by activated carbon with different acid sites and calcium hydroxide by assessing the impact on mercuric chloride adsorption within a practical range of magnitudes of the electrostatic interactions considered, namely charge-induced dipole and charge-quadrupole interactions, as well as dispersion interactions.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89743441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Various Nanofluids","authors":"I. Bang, J. Buongiorno, E. Forrest, L. Hu, W. Williams","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-74","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an effort to evaluate water-based nanofluids for nuclear applications, preparation and characterization has been performed for nanofluids being considered for MIT’s nanofluid heat transfer experiments. Three methods of generating these nanofluids are available: creating them from chemical precipitation, purchasing the nanoparticles in powder form and mixing them with the base fluid, and direct purchase of prepared nanofluids. Characterization of nanofluids includes colloidal stability, size distribution, concentration, and elemental composition. Quality control of the nanofluids to be used for heat transfer testing is crucial; an exact knowledge of the fluid constituents is a key to uncovering mechanisms responsible for heat transport enhancement.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89523363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Approach on Modeling and Identification for Nanobattery Prototyping","authors":"P. Bhattacharya, Z. Ye, E. Walker, F. Lacy, Madhusmita Banerjee","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-77","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with the systematic design of nanobattery prototyping. Miniaturization of power sources is a challenging area of nanotechnology research. There are four major parts in miniaturized Li-Ion nanobattery: anode, cathode, electrode and separator. Correspondingly, some appropriate material must be distinguished. The multiwalled carbon nanotube array electrode is used as anode, which exhibits high current density. LiMn2O4 spinel oxide is used as the cathode. Nanoporous dielectric membrane is selected for mixture storage of gel electrolyte. Ni is chosen as a suitable current collector. The separator and electrolyte container accounts for the reduction of dendrites and compatibility increment of electrode-electrolyte. According to nanobattery physical mechanism, mathematical model has been identified. At last, some numerical simulations of nanobattery characteristics have been conducted.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88892306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Manufacturing Concepts of Nanoparticle-reinforced Aerospace Materials","authors":"V. Basenuk, M. Kireitseu, G. Tomlinson","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-62","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticle-based vibration damping shows the effect that molecule-level mechanism can have on the damping and that nanoparticles/fibres/tubes-reinforced composite materials can provide enhanced strength and vibration damping properties over the broader operational conditions. It is particularly worth noting that carbon nanotubes can act as a simple nanoscale spring. The mechanisms involved in such materials need to be understood and the relevance to damping identified. The focus in this paper is directed toward the development of the next generation of vibration damping systems, providing a road map to manufacturing technology and design solutions. The research work concentrates on an investigation related to nanoparticlereinforced materials extensive dynamic characterization and modelling of their fundamental phenomena that control relationships between design and damping properties across the length scales.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80179761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}