2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Benefit-Cost of MEMS Application for Structural Health Monitoring of Transportation Infrastructure","authors":"Alan Davy, M. Jha","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-85","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years MEMS has been widely recognized as an effective device for structural health monitoring of transportation structures, such as bridges and tunnels. It is unclear, however, whether the benefits of MEMS application far outweigh the associated cost. A quantitative approach for benefit and cost calculation of MEMS application for structural health monitoring of transportation infrastructure will be a major step forward to provide guidance to potential MEMS users. In this paper, we develop a fuzzy logic-based approach (since MEMS benefits are generally fuzzy in nature and at best, they can be quantified using fuzzy-logic) for benefit-cost calculation associated with MEMS application. Real-world case studies will be presented in future works using the proposed fuzzylogic approach.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81778788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Titanium Dioxide Nanostructured Coatings: Application in Photocatalysis and Sensors","authors":"D. A. Rousan, J. Byrne, G. Dale, Donaldson V.J.A., Dunlop P.S.M., Hamilton J.W.J., T. McMurray, J. Rankin","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-63","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some of the research work taking place at the University of Ulster investigating preparation, characterisation and application of nanostructred TiO2. Four exemplars are used to demonstrate the potential applications of these materials i.e. photocatalytic disinfection of water containing chlorine resistant microorganisms, photocatalytic ‘self-cleaning’ of surfaces contaminated with protein, transducers for electrochemical biosensors and finally new opportunities presented by electrochemical growth of TiO2 aligned nanotubes.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73582116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Transfer Cost-Effectiveness of Nanofluids","authors":"L. Pan, D. Xu, Q. Yao","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-21","url":null,"abstract":"When metal or oxide nano particles are dispersed in liquids to form nanofluids, the particles improve thermal conductivity of the liquids. Therefore, it is suggested to use nanofluids as coolants to improve heat-exchanger efficiency. However, the nano particles also cause the increase of fluid viscosity. The present paper has numerically studied the flow and heat transfer of the nanofluids in a 2-D microchannel by using Computational Fluid Dynamics method. It is found that although the nano particles enhance the heat transfer rate of the fluids about certain percentage, the nano particles also cause an increase of viscous shear stress, and further causes an increase of the power consumption to deliver the nanofluids through the microchannels. To explore their advantage, nanofluids are suggested to be used as coolants to improve the thermal efficiency and to reduce the size of heat exchangers. However, the nanofluids also enlarge fluid shear stresses on solid interfaces. This is because that the nano particles increase the viscosity of the fluids. The enlarged shear stresses will increase the fluid drags. This makes it difficult for the nanofluids to flow through the fluidic systems comparing with those base liquids (2, 3). Therefore, a big pressure difference is required to drive the nanofluids to flow through the fluidic systems. This in turn will cause more power consumption. So, one has to carefully analyze the gain and the loss or cost-effectiveness, before adopting the nanofluids as coolants. To investigate the cost-effectiveness of using nanofluids as coolants, Computational Fluid Dynamics method is employed to directly simulate the flow and heat transfer of the nanofluids in a 2-dimensional micro channel in the present paper. Basically there are two different numerical methods for doing these. One is based on molecular dynamics which directly focuses on the molecular behaviors of the nano particles. This method needs more CPU time and computer memory. The other is based on Navier-Stokes questions with introducing the thermal and dynamic parameters of the nanofluids obtained from the mixture fluid theory and experimental measurements. The latter provides useful information for researchers and engineers to understand the flow and heat transfer profiles of the fluidic devices with less CPU time and computer memory (2, 3). Therefore, it is employed in the present paper to study the cost-effectiveness of the nanofluids in a 2-dimensional micro channel.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80907158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoporous Silicon Membrane Based Micro Fuel Cells for Portable Power Sources","authors":"K. Chu, M. Shannon, R. Masel","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-19","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the preparation of nanoporous silicon membranes and their usage for the solid electrolyte in micro fuel cells compatible with silicon micro-fabrication technology is presented. The effects of different membrane structures and fuel concentrations were studied. And the micro fuel cell design for improved performances is discussed.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73086241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Some Enzymatic Responses of E. coli to Photocatalytic TiO2","authors":"H. Chou, A. Erdem, C. Huang, Lin H-Y, D. Metzler","doi":"10.1002/9780470396612.CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470396612.CH13","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of photocatalytic nano-TiO2 on the survival or die-off of E coli (e.g. TB1) were investigated under ambient conditions. Experimentally, 18-h E. coli culture was exposed to photocatalytic nano-TiO2 at various concentrations, e.g., 0 to 1,000 mg/L and particle sizes, e.g., 3 to 55 nm both in darkness and the presence of several light sources including a simulated solar light. Preliminary results indicated that there was bacteria die-off in the presence of nanoscale TiO2 in dark. Generally it appears that the growth rate decreases as the particle size decreases. The presence of light irradiation significantly enhanced the killing of E. coli due to additional photocatalytic activity. Upon exposure of E. coli to nano-TiO2 the photocatalytic activity that was generated has markedly increased the production of MDA, TTC and GST. SEM observations vividly indicate cell wall damages.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75109130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermostability of TiO2 nanoparticle and its Photocatalytic Reactivity at Different Anatase/Rutile Ratio","authors":"C. P. Huang, Kuo C-S, Y. Y. Li, Lin H-Y, T. Y.H.","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-68","url":null,"abstract":"Thermostability study of commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out by ascending annealing temperature from 400 to 1100 C. The thermostability of TiO2 structure was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Anatase-Rutile phase transition occurred only when temperature exceeds 600C. Rutile weight fraction increased from 25 to 100 % between 400 to 840 C. Phase transition activation energy was calculated by using Arrenhius plot to be 27 kJ/mol. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were applied to determine the size of grown particles. Results of particle size analysis using TEM imaging method were the same as those using BET instruments up to 840 C. BET measurements tend to overestimate the particle size at temperature greater than 840 C. In contrast, DLS overestimate the size of TiO2 particles due to agglomeration in solution. Mean TiO2 particle sizes grew from 25 to 450 nm when temperature increased from 400 to 1100 C. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reactivity in the degradation of dye decreased with the increase of particle size and rutile fraction.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81708301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Simulation Studies on the Adsorption of Mercuric Chloride","authors":"R. R. Kotdawala, N. Kazantzis, R. Thompson","doi":"10.1071/EN06034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/EN06034","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context. The Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 identified mercury and associated compounds as hazardous air pollutants of particular concern to human health and the environment. Coal-fired power plants and municipal solid waste incinerators are significant sources of mercury-containing emissions. Adsorption represents a common technique used to alleviate mercury contamination. The present study uses molecular simulations to study the correlation between key surface characteristics of the adsorbent and its mercury capturing ability with a view to the selection and design of novel adsorbents. Abstract. In the present study, Monte Carlo simulations were used to model the physical adsorption of oxidised mercury (mercuric chloride) by zeolite NaX and activated carbon in the temperature range of 400–500 K. In particular, we considered zeolite NaX with spherical cavities and sodium cations, as well as activated carbon with slit carbon pores and hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl sites, and layers of calcium hydroxide. The adsorption capacity and affinity of zeolite NaX were compared with those displayed by activated carbon with different acid sites and calcium hydroxide by assessing the impact on mercuric chloride adsorption within a practical range of magnitudes of the electrostatic interactions considered, namely charge-induced dipole and charge-quadrupole interactions, as well as dispersion interactions.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89743441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Various Nanofluids","authors":"I. Bang, J. Buongiorno, E. Forrest, L. Hu, W. Williams","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-74","url":null,"abstract":"As part of an effort to evaluate water-based nanofluids for nuclear applications, preparation and characterization has been performed for nanofluids being considered for MIT’s nanofluid heat transfer experiments. Three methods of generating these nanofluids are available: creating them from chemical precipitation, purchasing the nanoparticles in powder form and mixing them with the base fluid, and direct purchase of prepared nanofluids. Characterization of nanofluids includes colloidal stability, size distribution, concentration, and elemental composition. Quality control of the nanofluids to be used for heat transfer testing is crucial; an exact knowledge of the fluid constituents is a key to uncovering mechanisms responsible for heat transport enhancement.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89523363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Engineering Of Magnetic Particles For Biocatalysis And Bioseparation","authors":"Lo C.C.H., K. Tam, S. C. Tsang, Yeung C.M.Y., C. H. Yu","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-72","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in a thin coating as magnetic separable nano-vehicle for chemical species is a hot but challenging area. The facilitated separation of a small magnetic body carrying biologically active species is of a tremendous interest however; the stability of the magnetic body remains a key issue. We report new syntheses of silica encapsulated magnetic nanosize particles as magnetic separable carriers in large quantities based on simple synthetic techniques. The major advantage of using nano-size magnetic particles as carriers is that they display an excellent mass transfer coefficient (high surface area to volume ratio) comparable to soluble species but can still be easily separated from liquid using magnetic interaction with an external applied inhomogeneous magnetic field (i.e. 50MGOe). It is shown that the external coating surfaces can isolate and protect the magnetic core from destructive reactions with the environment where a wide range of conditions for fine chemical catalysis can be made possible. The functionalized surfaces could also offer anchoring sites for the immobilization of active chemical species of interests (enzymes, DNA oligos and antibodies). Most of these applications require nanoparticles covered with appropriate surface chemical functionalities where a strong magnetic core is essential for the separation of each particles from solution.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77126834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High performance iPP based nanocomposites for food packaging application","authors":"M. Avella, M. Errico, G. Gentile","doi":"10.1201/9780429187469-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429187469-75","url":null,"abstract":"High performance iPP based nanocomposites filled with innovative calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) were prepared and structure-properties relationships investigated. In particular nanoparticles characterized by high specific surface area (>200 m 2 /g) and elongated shape were tested as reinforcement nanophase. In order to promote polymer/nanofillers interactions, CaCO3 were coated with two different surface modifiers, polypropylene-maleic anhydride graft copolymer (iPP-g-MA) or fatty acids (FA). Morphological analysis permitted to assess that the presence of iPP-g-MA promotes a stronger adhesion between polymer/CaCO3 with respect to that achieved by using FA as surface modifier. Mechanical analysis evidenced that Young’s modulus increases as a function of nanoparticles content and coating agent nature. Finally, it was observed that the CaCO3 nanoparticles presence drastically reduces the iPP permeability to both oxygen and carbon dioxide.","PeriodicalId":6429,"journal":{"name":"2007 Cleantech Conference and Trade Show Cleantech 2007","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79575587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}