{"title":"Numerical investigations of sloshing effects on seakeeping performance of ships based on a hybrid method","authors":"Jia-wei Yu, Meng Meng, Chao-bang Yao, Guo-hua Dong, Jun Jiao, Da-kui Feng","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0068-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0068-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study proposes a novel partitioned decomposition approach based on the improved single-phase level-set model, spectral wave explicit Navier-Stokes equations (SWENSE) model, and the implicit-inner-iteration motion-solving method for accurate and efficient solution of wave-ship-sloshing interaction. A hybrid functional-decomposition method is employed to accurately and efficiently solve the wave-ship interaction in the external domain, while using the original viscous method for simulating sloshing in the internal domain. The issues of non-conservation and boundary conditions for free surface motion in the original level-set model are addressed for the improved single-phase level-set model. The ability of this approach to predict sloshing, and seakeeping performance with/without sloshing is evaluated by comparing numerical results with experimental data. Further, the effects of sloshing, different DOFs (degrees of freedoms), wavelengths, wave heights and wave directions on ship motions and added resistance are investigated. Findings include confirmation that the proposed level-set method is reliable for predicting sloshing behaviors, and that the partitioned functional-decomposition approach is superior for modeling wave-ship-sloshing interactions. Surge motions are found to have a significant influence on sloshing behaviors and added resistance, causing peak frequency offsets and considerable changes in peak values. Nonlinear characteristics in seakeeping performance of ships with sloshing effects result from the combined effects of nonlinear wave-ship interaction and nonlinear sloshing behaviors. The effects of sloshing on ship motions and added resistance stem from the interaction between sloshing-induced forces/moments and corresponding motions, as well as changes in the natural characteristics of ships due to the presence of the free surface of the inner tank.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 5","pages":"915 - 937"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation on the behavior of moored floating barge alongside a bottom-mounted platform","authors":"Ya-qing Ran, Qian Gu, Ming-han Huang, Sheng-chao Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0066-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0066-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental measurements for the motion responses of the moored barge alongside a bottom-mounted platform in beam sea are carried out, by which the behavior of motion responses of the barge and the forces on hawsers and fenders are considered. The sway and roll motions are the most important responses in six degrees-of-freedom. The seaward motion responses are mainly held by the hawsers; while the landward motion responses are mainly astricted by the fenders. Correspondingly, the variation tendencies between the tension forces on the hawsers, the compressed deformation and forces of the fenders, and the sway and roll motion responses of the barge generally have the similar behavior. The nonlinear characteristic in this work is mainly from the force-deformation relationship of fenders. With the increase of incident wave amplitudes, the generally decreased normalized amplitudes can be observed, including the tension forces of hawsers, the compressed deformation and the forces of the fenders. More relative kinetic energy is absorbed by the fenders under larger incident wave amplitudes, which is the essential reason for this phenomenon. The dependence of normalized sway/roll motion responses with incident wave amplitudes is more complex. The normalized sway and roll motion amplitudes around the natural roll periods significantly increase with the increase of incident wave amplitudes. This might be the most noteworthy phenomenon in practical engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 5","pages":"892 - 902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization design of an interventional blood pump impeller based on an infection risk assessment model","authors":"Xiao-ming Cheng, Ming-gang She, Sheng-zhang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0067-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0067-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the incidence of heart failure continues to rise globally, the demand for interventional blood pumps for heart failure treatment has increased. However, the use of these pumps may lead to infection issues. Given the limited research on blood pump infections, methods for evaluating the risk of infection are crucial. In this study, first, an infection risk assessment model for blood pumps was constructed to quantify the relationships among the loss rate of leukocytes, shear strain rate, and temperature. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation model was subsequently developed to perform fluid–thermal coupling simulations of the internal flow field, temperature field, and index of infection of the blood pump. Furthermore, the impeller design was optimized via an orthogonal experimental design and regression analysis to reduce the risk of infection. Finally, in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the accuracy of the simulation results. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the impeller design significantly influenced the risk of infection. The optimized impeller design (with a larger proximal fillet radius and a smaller blood outlet axial length) reduced the risk of infection. The trends observed in the in vitro experimental results were consistent with the simulation values. The impeller optimization design method proposed in this study effectively reduces the risk of infection in interventional blood pumps, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the design and risk assessment of interventional blood pumps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 5","pages":"903 - 914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guo-qing Fan, Han-qiao Han, Wei-wen Zhao, De-cheng Wan
{"title":"Space-time correlations of near-wall velocity and pressure fluctuations in wall-resolved and wall-modeled large-eddy simulation","authors":"Guo-qing Fan, Han-qiao Han, Wei-wen Zhao, De-cheng Wan","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0065-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0065-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wall-resolved large-eddy simulation (WRLES) and wall-modeled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) of turbulent channel flow at <i>Re</i><sub><i>τ</i></sub> ≈ 1000 are performed to explore their capabilities in predicting the space-time correlations of near-wall velocity and pressure fluctuations. Our findings indicate that both WRLES and WMLES can effectively capture the essential features in the wavenumber-frequency spectra. Doppler shifts due to the convection velocity and Doppler broadening caused by the random sweeping effects of large-scale eddies are observed in the wavenumber-frequency spectra. Both methods predict the near-wall velocity fluctuations with reasonable accuracy, but predicting wall pressure fluctuations seems to be more challenging for the current wall modeling approach. Without resolving the viscous sublayer, WMLES slightly overestimates the spectral levels of wall pressure fluctuations in low-wavenumber (or frequency) region. In addition, the two-dimensional spatial spectra indicate that isotropic subgrid-scale models may struggle to accurately capture the anisotropy of small-scale eddies near the wall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 5","pages":"990 - 1000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing-hong Li, Shang-tuo Qian, Peng-cheng Li, Qiang He
{"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of lateral-intake multiple forebays under different pump start-up combinations","authors":"Jing-hong Li, Shang-tuo Qian, Peng-cheng Li, Qiang He","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0063-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0063-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lateral-intake multiple forebays are widely used in urban pumping stations, but there is still insufficient understanding of their hydraulic characteristics, making it difficult to provide scientifically based guidance for determining optimal start-up combinations, which are critical to pumping station efficiency. This study numerically investigated the hydraulic characteristics of lateral-intake multiple forebays under different start-up combinations and, for the first time, applied entropy production theory to analyze the causes and locations of hydraulic loss. The lateral-intake causes undesired flow patterns, including helical mainstream and flow recirculation in the forebays, and mainstream one-sided concentration and backflow in the sumps. These undesired flow patterns become more significant with reduced standby pumps and increased inflow Froude numbers, directly degrading flow uniformity and increasing total hydraulic loss. Keeping the downstream pumps in operation for one-pump and two-pump standby conditions helps to improve forebay flow uniformity and reduce total hydraulic loss. Entropy production method revealed that turbulence dissipation is the main cause of total hydraulic loss in the forebays, accounting for over 90%, which is induced by helical mainstream and flow recirculation and impingement, occurring near the forebay inlets, sump piers and suction pipe mouths. By comprehensively evaluating flow patterns, uniformity, and hydraulic loss, the optimal start-up combination for different standby pump requirements was concluded as operating the downstream pumps while keeping the upstream pumps on standby. This provides a theoretical basis for investigating hydraulic characteristics and optimizing pump operation in urban pumping station forebays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 5","pages":"938 - 954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing turbulent channel flow super-resolution via physics-guided deep learning with global pressure correlations","authors":"Mao-kun Ye, Guo-qing Fan, De-cheng Wan","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0062-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0062-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-fidelity simulation of incompressible turbulent channel flows at high Reynolds numbers remains computationally intensive due to their multi-scale nature, necessitating efficient strategies to reconstruct high-resolution (HR) fields from low-resolution (LR) data. This study introduces a physics-guided neural network (PGNN) framework that leverages the elliptic nature of the pressure field in incompressible flows to enhance super-resolution (SR) reconstruction of turbulent velocity fields. Inspired by the global correlation-capturing capabilities of attention mechanisms, we incorporate LR pressure data as auxiliary input features to guide neural networks in inferring local velocity components, thereby explicitly encoding physical constraints into the learning process. High-fidelity training datasets are generated via large-eddy simulations, with LR fields derived through spatial filtering using down-sampling ratios (DSR) of 4, 8. A physics-guided U-Net (pgU-Net) is developed, contrasting with a pure data-driven U-Net baseline. Results demonstrate that integrating pressure fields significantly improves reconstruction accuracy, particularly under challenging DSR of 8, the pgU-Net achieves an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> score of 0.8048, outperforming the data-driven model (0.6792) and bi-cubic interpolation (−0.1801). By leveraging pressure fields as physical knowledge encoding global flow correlations, our framework effectively addresses the multi-scale reconstruction challenges in turbulent flows while maintaining computational efficiency. By embedding elliptic pressure correlations as physical priors, this framework pioneers a hybrid approach that bridges data-driven learning and fluid physics, offering a robust approach to reduce computational costs while enhancing the fidelity of turbulent flow predictions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 5","pages":"1001 - 1010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhi-jian Xiao, Jian Huang, Yong-jiu Wang, Jie Wang, Shu-ting Cai, Jing-zhu Wang, Yi-wei Wang
{"title":"Parametric analysis of the hydrodynamic performance of the T-shaped hydrofoil","authors":"Zhi-jian Xiao, Jian Huang, Yong-jiu Wang, Jie Wang, Shu-ting Cai, Jing-zhu Wang, Yi-wei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0064-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0064-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The T-shaped hydrofoil, consisting of the surface-piercing strut and submerged hydrofoil, plays a crucial component of a hydrofoil system. This study investigates the hydrodynamic performance and flow patterns of the T-shaped hydrofoil under varying flow parameters and geometric characteristics, utilizing towing tests and large eddy simulation (LES) techniques. The computational and experimental results demonstrate a high degree of agreement. The analysis reveals that both lift and drag coefficients increase with the angle of attack. As the Reynolds number increases, the drag coefficient decreases, while the lift coefficient remains relatively stable. When the T-shaped hydrofoil is deeply submerged, the free-surface deformation primarily manifests as spray flows. Notably, the free surface effect becomes significant at submerged depths shallower than 3.5 times the chord length. As the submerged depth decreases, the free-surface depression in the wake is enhanced; however, both the lift and drag coefficients of the T-shaped hydrofoil decrease, governed by the S foil and strut, respectively. The incorporation of winglets plays a vital role in optimizing hydrodynamic performance by redistributing tip vortices away from the hydrofoil, thereby reducing the vorticity and spiral motion induced by the tip effect. Additionally, the interference effect from the strut enhances both lift and drag performance of the submerged hydrofoil, although it may also lead to an earlier cavitation inception. The increased lift and drag can be primarily attributed to the lateral spread of negative pressure arising from the separation region on the strut.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 5","pages":"859 - 875"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145950643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhe Zhang, He-fang Jing, Qiu-tong Chen, Yu-jie Yang
{"title":"A finite difference lattice Boltzmann method for Richards equation in vertical unsaturated soil water infiltration","authors":"Zhe Zhang, He-fang Jing, Qiu-tong Chen, Yu-jie Yang","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0061-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0061-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In soil water infiltration problems, the basic control equation, i.e., Richards equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE), and is difficult to solve. In this study, a finite difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM), in which the D1Q5 model is employed as the lattice layout scheme, is developed to solve the 1-D Richards equation with water content as the main variable in unsaturated soil. The relationship between the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) and the Richards equation is established using a multiscale expansion technique. Numerical examples show that LBM is suitable to solve Richards equation in unsaturated soil water infiltration problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 4","pages":"804 - 814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental hydraulic characteristics of a reverse vertical vortex within a vertical outlet pipe","authors":"Miao Guo, Zi-hao Huang, Yan Shen, Wei Wang, Xiao-qin Li, Xue-lin Tang","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0060-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0060-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a vertical vortex are examined by the theoretical method and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology. The results of the theoretical analysis validate that the main parameters of the vertical vortex are the Reynolds number <i>Re</i>, water level <i>WL*</i> and velocity circulation <i>Γ</i><sub><i>N</i></sub>. The experimental results indicate that, for the same <i>Re</i>, the low water levels are responsible for an intensive vortex intensity (maximum vorticity), but for a high-water level, water level is no longer a significant influencing factor on vortex intensity. The <i>Γ</i><sub><i>N</i></sub> number increases with the rising of the Reynolds number <i>Re</i> and drops with the height of measurement section enhance for a low water level case. For the higher <i>WL*, Γ</i><sub><i>N</i></sub> does not decrease significantly. The formation and evolution of the vertical vortex in the present paper can be utilized or restrained by controlling the relevant dynamic parameters. Obtained research results may provide an important reference for engineering applications with possible occurrence of vertical vortex phenomenon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 4","pages":"759 - 769"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Super-resolution hydrodynamic modeling of flood over urbanized environment using ensemble learning method","authors":"Yun Xing, Dong Shao, Qi-gen Lin, Yi-fan Yang, Hao-yuan Hong, Yi-wei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42241-025-0059-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42241-025-0059-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the inundation depths of urban floods induced by real storm events, focusing on the development and assessment of super-resolution model based on ensemble learning methods. Unlike traditional deep neural networks which require extensive training and high parameterization, this study utilizes ensemble learning model to reconstruct high-resolution flood predictions from low-resolution hydrodynamic simulations. Hydrodynamic modeling results of real pluvial flood event at various spatial resolution are used for constructing datasets and for training and testing the point-based super-resolution model. Influencing factors related to urban terrain, subsurface, rainfall inputs and the hydrodynamic modeling results at coarser resolutions are used as features in the super-resolution model on basis of Random Forest, in which hyperparameters are tuned with Bayesian optimization method. The trained super-resolution models effectively reconstruct high-resolution inundation conditions from 30 m to 5 m coarse resolution inputs, highlighting an increase in correlation coefficients and a decrease in root mean squared error (RMSE) as resolution improves. Dominant influencing factors in the super-resolution models are identified together with variances in their contributions to the model performance. Two optimization approaches are applied to enhance accuracy and mitigate overestimation at coarse resolutions for the super-resolution models. The first integrates outputs from various coarse resolution models as features, notably reducing overestimation, especially with finer 5 m resolutions. The second employs ensemble modeling with super-resolution models from different datasets, which improves the performance across all tested resolutions, demonstrating the robustness of combining multiple predictive models for better flood forecasting in urban environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":637,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","volume":"37 4","pages":"727 - 745"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}