美国分析化学(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Physical and Electrochemical Characterization of Nsutite","authors":"R. Singhal, Jonathan Lembeck, P. C. K. Iii, Daniel Pereira, P. Lemaire","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2021.1211027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1211027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70499742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Excipients on Recombinant Interleukin-2 Stability in Aqueous Buffers","authors":"A. P. Gowda, Andrew Schaefer, Terry K. Schuck","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2021.1210022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1210022","url":null,"abstract":"In order to retain structural and functional integrity, protein medicines are frequently stabilized with excipients in aqueous solutions. The goal of this investigation was to see how stable IL-2 is with excipients that are acceptable for cell therapy. We investigated the time-dependent stability of commercially available recombinant IL-2 in aqueous solutions (CTS, RPMI, PBS, and water) at different temperatures [2 ̊C 8 ̊C, room temperature (20 ̊C ± 2 ̊C) and 37 ̊C] in the presence of excipients (EDTA, methionine, histidine, and glycine) over a period of up to 30 days. To detect and quantify IL-2, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was employed. Electrophoresis on a sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel was used to assess conformational stability. We discovered that IL-2 stability was improved in aqueous solutions including excipients, and that it may have retained its biological activity and sterility in these conditions.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70500111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Element Concentrations in Soft Tissue and Shell of the Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea Gasar Dautzenberg, 1891) from the Lake Zowla-Aného Lagoon Hydro System (Southern Togo)","authors":"Hodabalo Dheoulaba Solitoke, K. Afiademanyo, Kamilou Ouro-Sama, Gnon Tanouayi, Tchaa Esso-Essinam Badassan, K. Gnandi","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2021.1212030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1212030","url":null,"abstract":"The Lake Zowla-Aného lagoon hydro system, located on the southeast coast of Togo, is very exposed to metal contamination as it receives a huge amount of untreated domestic and industrial effluents from Aného City and the phosphorite treatment plant at Kpémé. This study aims to assess the concentrations of seven heavy metals and their bioaccumulation status in soft tissues and shells of the mangrove oyster (Crassostrea gasar) collected from this aquatic environment. Samples were collected in January, April and July 2017 at two stations and analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results indicate that the waters are contaminated by Cd, Pb and Cr with average concentrations that are significantly above WHO standards. At both locations, the contents of the trace elements (except Cr) in oysters’ soft tissues were significantly higher than those in the shells. In the soft tissues, the concentration of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb ranged (in mg·kg −1 ) from 4.33 to 23.14, in soft tissues and were found to be significantly higher than the permissible limit for human consumption according to WHO and FAO and thus pose a threat to human health.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70500168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Spatial and Temporal Analysis to Study the Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Litani River, Lebanon","authors":"A. Hayek, S. A. Andaloussi, Nabil Tabaja, J. Toufaily, Evelyne Garnie-Zarli, T. Hamieh","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2021.1211023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1211023","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality of Litani River was deteriorated due to rapid population growth and industrial and agricultural activity. Multivariate analysis of spatio-temporal variation of water quality is useful to improve the projects of water quality management and treatment of the river. In this work, analysis of samples from different locations at different seasons was investigated. The spatio-temporal variation of physico-chemical parameters of the water was determined. A total of 11 water quality parameters were monitored over 12 months during 2018 at 3 sites located in different areas of the river. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to study the spatio-temporal evolution of the studied parameters and the correlation between the different factors. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the responsible factors for water quality variations during wet and dry periods. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was also applied to the same factors and gives the best results for both spatial and temporal analysis. A black point of agricultural, industrial and sewage water pollution was identified in Jeb-Jennine All parameters are highly affected by climate factors, especially temperature and precipitation. TDS, salinity, electrical conductivity and the concentrations of all pollutants increase during wet season affected by the runoff. Other factors can affect the water quality of the river for example geographical features of the region and seasonal human activity like tourism. The correlation between different parameters was evaluated using PCA statistical method. This correlation is not stable, and evolves between wet and dry season.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70499653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acidity, Electric Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen Total Dissolved Solid and Salinity Profiles of Marine Water in Gaza: Influence of Wastewater Discharge","authors":"Dalia El Nahhal, Ibrahim Y. El-Nahhal, H. A. Najar, M. Al-Agha, Y. El-Nahhal","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2021.1211025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1211025","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of wastewater discharge on the coastal area in Gaza strip Palestine are not fully investigated. This study investigated the effect wastewater discharge of the physical and chemical properties of marine water in the coastal area over a period of 2 year. Sea water and sediment samples were collected from about 20 different sites. The water and the sediments were collected wastewa-ter/sea water mixing zone at depth 0, 2.5 and 5 m water column depth at a direct wastewater discharging pipe line from different location and similarly from other locations. Water temperature T, electric conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solid (TDS) and salinity were determined for water samples using field equipment such as pH-meter, DO meter, TDS-/ and EC-meter. On the other hand, PO − were determined in the laboratory using chemical methods, details are described in materials and method section. Results showed average and standard deviation of T, EC, DO, pH, TDS and salinity were 22.02˚C ± 4.1˚C, EC: 58.41 ± 4.8 ms/cm; DO: 6.96 ± 1.8 mg/L; pH: 7.69 ± 0.37; TDS: 30.51 ± 3.29 and salinity 4.39 ± 0.12 (%); whereas,","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70499721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Some Secondary Metabolites and Determination of the Antioxidant Potential of Different Extracts from the Plant of Pteridium aquilinum","authors":"A. W. T. Sompila, A. B. M. Mabika, N. Pambou-Tobi, T. Gouollaly, J. Moussounga, Gloria L. L. Bissombolo N’simba, Roniche Nguie, L. Matos","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2021.1212032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1212032","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to make an evaluation of some secondary metabolites and determination of the antioxidant potential of P. aquilinum plant extracts obtained by means of a simple and rapid TLC method. The latter revealed the presence of terpenes, sterols, steroids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, sugars and amino acids. The evaluation of the potential antioxidant was assessed on phenolic and flavonoid compounds. These compounds’ dosages revealed different levels, but the highest antioxidant activity was found in the hydro-ethanol extract followed by the aqueous extract. Among the two families of evaluated antioxidants, phenolic compounds were found to be higher in the hydroethanolic extract (75.18 mgEAG/gMS), followed by the aqueous extract (66.78 mgEAG/gMS) and lower in the ethanolic extract (12.39 mgEAG/gMS). Whereas flavonoids, less significantly elevated, showed values of 2.58 mgECa/gMS for the hydro-ethanolic extract, 2.24 mgECa/gMS for the aqueous extract and 1.58 mgECa/gMS for the ethanolic extract. However, the antiradical activity was also evaluated. Contrary to the antioxidant activity, the most important antiradical activity was observed on the hydroethanolic extract with a rate of 3.61 mg/mL, then a weak activity on the aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively 6.18 mg/mL and 15.81 mg/mL, then less important on the aqueous How to cite this paper: Sompila, A.W.G.T., Mabika, A.B.M., Pambou-Tobi, N.P.G., Gouollaly, T., Moussounga, J.E., N’simba, G.L.L.B., Nguie, R. and Matos, L. (2021) Evaluation of Some Secondary Metabolites and Determination of the Antioxidant Potential of Different Extracts from the Plant of Pteridium aquilinum. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 12, 506-519. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1212032 Received: November 19, 2021 Accepted: December 27, 2021 Published: December 30, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access A. W. G. T. Sompila et al. DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2021.1212032 507 American Journal of Analytical Chemistry and hydro-ethanolic extracts respectively at levels of 6.18 mg/mL and 3.61 mg/mL.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70500221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Method Development and Validation of Etanercept by UV and RP-UFLC Methods","authors":"Husna Kanwal Qureshi, C. Veeresham, C. Srinivas","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2021.1212031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2021.1212031","url":null,"abstract":"The research work was carried out using Ultraviolet (UV)—visible spectroscopy and Reverse Phase-Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (RP-UFLC) for es-tablishing novel methods for the analysis and quantification of Biosimilar drug, Etanercept. The maximum absorbance of Etanercept was found to be 215 nm and it obeyed Beer-Lamberts law in the range of 5 to 200 µg/ml and 1 to 32 µg/ml for UV and RP-UFLC, respectively. The correlation coefficient (r 2 ) value was found to be between 0.999 and 0.9995. All the validation parameters like linearity, accuracy, and precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quan-titation (LOQ) and Robustness were found to be within acceptance criteria as per ICH guidelines. The results of accuracy studies (99.0% to 100.38%) indicated the methods to be accurate. The RSD % for interday and intraday precision studies was found to be less than 2%. Robustness and ruggedness were expressed in terms of RSD % which were also in the specified limits. LOD and LOQ of proposed method was calculated and found to be 1.257 and 3.809 μg/ml by UV, and 0.1073 μg/ml and 0.3251 μg/ml by RP-UFLC method, respectively. The developed methods were observed to be simple, rapid and cost-efficient. It can be easily applied for the estimation of Etanercept in the marketed formulations and for routine analysis of the Biosimilar drug.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70500176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous Lead Removal under Optimized Conditions Using Phosphoric Acid Activated Coconut Coir Activated Carbon","authors":"D. Senarathna, Vithushana Thangarajah, K. Abeysooriya, W. Wijesundara, A. Kumari, M. S. Thilakarathna","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2020.1112031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2020.1112031","url":null,"abstract":"The global burden of heavy metal environmental pollution remains one of the most challenging issues to be addressed urgently. Lead (Pb) has been well recognized as a toxic environmental pollutant. The main objective of this study was to examine the adsorption efficiency of phosphoric activated coconut coir activated carbon for lead (II) removal from an aqueous solution. Synthesized activated carbon was characterized before and after the adsorption of Pb(II) by powder X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-Ray. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of Pb(II) of synthesized activated carbon was tested with different concentrations of Pb(II) solutions, pH levels, adsorbent dosages, and contact time. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze the Pb(II) concentrations in water samples. The maximum Pb(II) removal percentage of 100% was obtained with 50 mL of 5 mg/L Pd(II) ion solution and 0.20 g of the synthesized activated carbon. Adsorption data were well fitted with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, and adsorption kinetics were fitted with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 of 0.99. These results conclude that the synthesized activated carbon can be used as a potential sorbent for the removal of lead from wastewaters.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"389-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47956128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Barker Reservoir in Houston, Texas after the 2017 Hurricane Harvey","authors":"Taye Folabi, T. Phan","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2020.1111030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2020.1111030","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Barker Reservoir in Houston, Texas, United States is reported. Samples were collected within one week after the August 2017 Hurricane Harvey. Using a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer, 4 VOCs and 13 PAHs were found in the Barker Reservoir. Concentrations of acetone, benzene, chloroform, and toluene were 1500, 380, 830, and 290 parts per million (ppm), respectively. Benzene and chloroform are classified as probable human carcinogens by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Six PAHs including benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, chrysene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene are probable human carcinogens. The most concentrated PAH was acenaphthylene at 0.068 ppm, while the least one was fluoranthene at 0.00046 ppm. Results revealed water contaminants in Houston and its vicinities during the flooding season and served as references for water monitoring purposes in the future.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"376-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46447116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forced Degradation Studies on Sodium Picosulfate and Separation of 15 Process Related Impurities/Degradants by HPLC","authors":"Palak Patel, Kishore Kumar Hotha, D. Patel, Jayaram Kamma, Abhinandana Gudimella, S. Bompelliwar, Subathra Ramamoorthy","doi":"10.4236/ajac.2020.1111029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2020.1111029","url":null,"abstract":"A selective, precise and stability-indicating, high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of active ingredient sodium Picosulfate and forced degradation behavior was studied. The current article describes forced degradation behavior of the Sodium Picosulfate drug substance in detail by analyzing 15 process related/degradants in a single HPLC method under ICH recommended stressed conditions. Mobile phase comprised of 0.01 M of Disodium hydrogen phosphate and 0.01 M of potassium phosphate monobasic buffer and 1 mL of triethyl amine in 1000 mL water adjusted to pH 7.5 with 10% phosphoric acid. Acetonitrile was used as Mobile Phase B. The separation was achieved on a gradient method. The reversed phase chromatography was performed in Hypersil BDS C18 5.0 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm column maintained at temperature 35°C. Injection volume was 60 μL. Milli-Q water used as diluent. The mobile phase was pumped at 0.9 mL/min-1. The eluted compounds were monitored at 220 nm. Secondary wavelength of the 263 nm was studied to check any further degradants during the forced degradation studies. New additional degradants Sodium Picosulfate Benzyl alcohol Impurity and N oxide degradations were discussed and studied during the forced degradation to understand the chemical stability of the drug substance.","PeriodicalId":63216,"journal":{"name":"美国分析化学(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"363-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49147132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}