Journal of Flow Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Fast hydrogenation: systematic development and optimisation of hydrogen reductive processes in a advanced-flow reactor","authors":"Shrinivas Jahagirdar,&nbsp;Eoin Casey,&nbsp;Marc Winter,&nbsp;Guillaume Gauron,&nbsp;Ancuta Musina,&nbsp;Roderick C. Jones","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00377-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00377-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents an investigation of hydrogenation reactions in a Corning Advanced-Flow Reactor glass lab scale reactor, designed to facilitate mixing in multiphasic reactions. Using ethyl cinnamate as a model substrate, systematic experiments were performed to understand the reactor potential, reaction performance, and practical operational limits using a Box-Behnken Design of Experiments approach, evaluating the effects of temperature, backpressure, and hydrogen gas flow rate. Under our tested conditions, temperature is the main statistically significant factor affecting yield. Additionally, solvent and solvent mixtures were screened with an aim to understand the minimisation of palladium deposition, with methanol–water identified as the optimal medium for reducing catalyst fouling without compromising yield. Substrate scope extension to alkenes and nitro-compounds showcased the versatility and robustness of consistently achieving near-quantitative conversions except for sterically hindered systems. These results establish the Corning Advanced-Flow Reactor as a fast, scalable, efficient, and sustainable platform for fast hydrogenation, advancing the scope of continuous-flow methodologies for chemical synthesis while addressing key challenges of catalyst blockages and process scale-up.</p><p><b>Impact of Flow Chemistry</b></p><p>The present research demonstrates the transformative impact of flow chemistry on homogeneous Pd-catalysed continuous hydrogenation overcoming traditional batch limitations. Traditional batch hydrogenation suffers from poor H₂ mass transfer, inconsistent mixing, and heat management challenges, particularly with exothermic hydrogenations prone to runaway reactions. The Corning Advanced Flow Reactor (AFR) eliminates these limitations through its microchannel design, delivering 10–100 × enhanced heat/mass transfer vs. batch systems.</p><p>The key advantages realized are:</p><ul>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Enhanced Safety: No headspace H₂ accumulation thereby preventing thermal runaways.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Scalability: Proven hydrodynamic validation from lab-to-production via numbering-up; eliminates batch geometric scale-up uncertainties.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 <li>\u0000 <p>Precision: Residence time control, H₂ stoichiometry, and temperature gradients enables systematic optimization unattainable in batch.</p>\u0000 </li>\u0000 </ul><p>A batch equivalent would compromise safety, yield reproducibility, and commercial viability. This work establishes AFR as the scalableplatform for homogeneous hydrogenation directly translating lab discoveries into pharmaceuticals/fine chemicals manufacturing. In shortthis work would not be achievable in a batch reactor setup.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 2","pages":"109 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41981-026-00377-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From rod to reactor – a new continuous approach to the Simmons-Smith reaction","authors":"Daniel Moser,&nbsp;Joscha Boehm,&nbsp;Peter Neugebauer,&nbsp;Dirk Kirschneck,&nbsp;Peter Pöchlauer,&nbsp;Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00379-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00379-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organozinc chemistry is fundamental in the synthesis of highly functionalized molecules, e.g., pharmaceuticals. However, its adaptation to continuous flow has been hindered by an intricate challenge: Reactions involving metallic zinc rely on the presence of an activated metal surface. Conventional protocols depend on chemical zinc activation and, with a few exceptions only, showcase closed processes where redosing the metal, which is consumed in the reaction, is not possible. Here, we present a continuous process that overcomes these limitations by integrating on-demand mechanical surface activation with a continuous flow reactor. A zinc rod is abraded inside a sealed chamber, delivering zinc shavings directly into the reactor under inert conditions. This “from-rod-to-reactor” approach eliminates the need for chemical pre-activation and maintains a reactive surface throughout operation. To demonstrate the viability of this new proposed setup, the Simmons-Smith synthesis, which is used to form cyclopropanes from double bonds, using activated zinc and a dihalomethane as a carbon source, is demonstrated. Using only green solvents and cinnamyl alcohol as a model substrate, we show that the process enables cyclopropanation with high conversion and yield under stable, continuous conditions. Additionally, this study could provide a scalable framework to conduct other stochiometric organometallic reactions, which rely on non-passivated metal surfaces.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 2","pages":"133 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41981-026-00379-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous-flow evaluation of Barium Sulfate scale dissolution by integrated spectroscopic and hydrodynamic monitoring","authors":"Gabriel Nunes,&nbsp;Fabrício Venâncio,&nbsp;Vinicius Ottonio O. Gonçalves,&nbsp;Ronald W. P. Ortiz,&nbsp;Tiago C. Freitas,&nbsp;João Cajaiba","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00378-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00378-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The deposition of barium sulfate (BaSO₄) scale remains a critical operational issue in oil and gas production systems, often requiring chemical removal with chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). While most dissolution studies are performed in batch mode, continuous-flow systems provide improved control of hydrodynamics, better representing real well conditions. In this work an integrated continuous-flow methodology that couples in-line ATR-FTIR monitoring with simultaneous pressure measurement to evaluate BaSO₄ dissolution and permeability recovery in real-time is presented. Experiments conducted using BaSO₄-packed bed stainless-steel columns demonstrated the combined spectroscopic and hydrodynamic data reveal a progressive decoupling between chemical dissolution and permeability restoration, driven by the formation of preferential flow pathways that limit sustained fluid-solid contact. DTPA consistently exhibited faster permeability recovery and higher apparent dissolution under flow and the proposed continuous-flow method as able to quantitatively distinguish the efficiency of DTPA and EDTA solutions (0.125 mol·L⁻¹) at 60 °C. This approach provides a reproducible and non-invasive real-time evaluation of scale dissolvers by capturing the dynamic interplay between dissolution chemistry and transport phenomena. This behavior, inaccessible to batch experiments, highlights the importance of functional performance metrics beyond endpoint conversion and establishes a foundation for future automated screening and kinetic studies of scale removal processes relevant for industrial operations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 2","pages":"121 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41981-026-00378-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming the Achilles Heel of flow chemistry: strategies for solid handling in heterogeneous continuous-flow reactors","authors":"Damiano Diprima,&nbsp;Khadijah Anwar,&nbsp;Timothy Noël","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00374-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00374-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Handling of solids remains one of the most persistent challenges in continuous-flow chemistry. While the field has achieved remarkable progress in process intensification and scalability, the presence or formation of solids often disrupts smooth operation through clogging, fouling, and hydrodynamic instability. Over the past two decades, an array of reactor concepts and engineering strategies, ranging from improved passive geometries to advanced active systems, have been developed to overcome these issues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest innovations for managing solid–liquid and multiphase mixtures in flow. Technologies discussed include rotating and oscillatory flow reactors, ultrasound-assisted systems, and emerging designs such as liquid-walled reactors. Each strategy is examined in the context of mixing behavior, mass transfer, scalability, and process robustness. By bridging insights from chemical engineering and synthetic methodology, this article aims to guide the rational design of heterogeneous continuous-flow systems that fully exploit the advantages of flow chemistry while embracing its most challenging domain: solid handling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 2","pages":"55 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41981-026-00374-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic synthesis of LaF3:Ce,Tb core-shell nanoparticles: effects of synthesis parameters on morphology and size","authors":"Oleg E. Polozhentsev,&nbsp;Aleksei N. Bulgakov,&nbsp;Carol Y. Cárdenas,&nbsp;Ilia A. Pankin,&nbsp;Alexander V. Soldatov","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00376-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00376-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A microfluidic (MF) platform was developed for the controlled synthesis of lanthanide-doped LaF₃ nanoparticles (NPs), including co-doped LaF₃:Ce,Tb NPs and Rose Bengal (RB)–PEG–LaF₃:Ce,Tb@LaF₃:Ce core@shell nanocomposites. The structure, composition, and optical properties of the products were comprehensively characterized by XRD, XRF, TEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and XEOL. The influence of key synthesis parameters such as solvent composition (EG/H₂O mixture), reaction temperature, and flow rate on the crystallite size and morphology was systematically investigated. Variation of the EG/H₂O ratio led to a pronounced increase in crystallite and particle size from ∼5 to ∼12 nm with increasing water content. By tuning both solvent composition and temperature, the MF synthesis enabled the preparation of LaF₃:Ce,Tb NPs with crystallite and particles sizes in the range of ∼ 4 nm to ∼13 nm. For flow rates above 100 μL/s (total synthesis time &lt; 2 min), the crystallite size remained nearly constant, whereas the most pronounced changes were observed at flow rates below 10 μL/s (total synthesis time &gt; 16 min). The MF-synthesized LaF₃:Ce,Tb NPs exhibit a compact, pore-free structure, in contrast to NPs obtained by conventional coprecipitation, hydrothermal/solvothermal methods. Moreover, PEG-coated, RB–conjugated LaF₃:Ce,Tb@LaF₃:Ce core@shell NPs were successfully produced, demonstrating the versatility of the MF platform. These results highlight MF synthesis as an efficient route for fabricating high-quality luminescent LaF₃-based nanomaterials with tunable size and morphology for prospective applications in photonics and biomedicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 2","pages":"93 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tandem continuous-flow α-C-H functionalization of pyrrolidine with aryl bromide-derived organolithium reagents","authors":"Lara J. Nolan,&nbsp;Ailbhe A. Ryan,&nbsp;Seán Dempsey,&nbsp;Megan Smyth,&nbsp;Thomas S. Moody,&nbsp;Scott Wharry,&nbsp;Karen Fahey,&nbsp;Paul Dingwall,&nbsp;David W. Rooney,&nbsp;Jillian M. Thompson,&nbsp;Mark J. Muldoon,&nbsp;Peter C. Knipe","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00375-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00375-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The α-functionalization of unprotected cyclic amines <i>via</i> organolithium reagents presents significant challenges for scale-up due to the extreme reactivity of the intermediates and the requirement for cryogenic control. A continuous-flow platform has been developed that enables the <i>in</i>-<i>situ</i> generation and telescoped use of organolithium reagents for the oxidative C–H functionalization of cyclic amines with organolithium reagents. The lithiation, oxidation, and nucleophilic addition sequence proceeds efficiently at − 10 °C, offering precise thermal management and reproducible steady-state operation. The system furnishes α-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines in up to 54% yield with a productivity of ~ 40 g h⁻¹. Scope studies revealed solubility-limited precipitation for certain aryl lithium reagents, identifying solvent polarity as a critical design parameter for future expansion. This work establishes a safe, modular framework for executing highly energetic organolithium transformations under continuous-flow conditions, providing valuable guidance for translation to manufacturing scale.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 2","pages":"83 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41981-026-00375-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel continuous flow synthesis of 6-methoxy-2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde, the key intermediate of linzagolix","authors":"Wei Jiang,&nbsp;Jian Huang,&nbsp;Dun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00373-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00373-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a potent and selective gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, linzagolix, has recently been approved for the treatment of uterine fibroids. 6-Methoxy-2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde is the key intermediate during the synthetic process of linzagolix. Conventional batch-scale lithiation of aromatic compounds is inherently associated with considerable thermal hazards, which originates from the exothermic decomposition of reaction intermediates or products. Specifically, the loss of cooling efficiency or rapid reagent addition can readily trigger uncontrolled runaway reactions, a critical safety issue that underscores the need for the development of robust, scalable alternative synthetic protocols. Herein, we developed a novel continuous flow synthesis of 6-methoxy-2,3-difluorobenzaldehyde. Beyond mitigating the inherent safety risks posed by intermediate instability, this approach also establishes a practical, highly efficient protocol amenable to large-scale manufacturing.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"45 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147558755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the design of a flexible, accessible photoreactor to pilot flow photochemistry experiments","authors":"Saawan Kumar,&nbsp;Christopher B. Larsen,&nbsp;Zoe E. Wilson","doi":"10.1007/s41981-026-00372-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-026-00372-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>“A beaker, in a beaker, in a bucket” – a tuneable photoreactor system that can be rapidly assembled from readily available components is detailed. Involving interchangeable reaction coils and LED light sources, the system is designed to be accessible and affordable, allowing chemists to employ the well documented benefits of (flow) photochemistry to obtain proof-of-concept, without requiring investment in commercial equipment or in house fabrication of components. The flow photoreactor system, which can also be employed for batch reactions, has been characterised, and the visible light (460 nm) isomerisation of <i>trans</i>- to <i>cis</i>-stilbene, employing Ir(ppy)₃ as a photosensitiser, has been used as a model reaction to evaluate its performance. It was found that the photostationary state of this reaction could be achieved within just 2 min of irradiation in flow with a 20 mW cm^− 2 light source, allowing for reactor throughputs as high as 0.5 mmol min^− 1, demonstrating the utility of this easy to access system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"37 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41981-026-00372-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-dimensional model of a packed bed reactor with resolved pore space - an example of ammonia synthesis and its improvements","authors":"Michael Abeiku Daniels,&nbsp;Agnieszka Truszkowska","doi":"10.1007/s41981-025-00371-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-025-00371-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since their commercialization, packed bed reactors have become a key component of the modern chemical industry. Addressing their shortcomings would yield significant economic benefits and mitigate their negative environmental impact. This is particularly true for ammonia synthesis, a process that is performed globally on a massive scale. Packed bed reactors have a complex internal structure, with catalyst pellets randomly distributed within the reactor vessel with the pore space characteristics clearly impacting the reactor performance. In this work, we develop a three-dimensional model of a packed bed reactor with explicitly resolved catalyst pellets and apply it to ammonia synthesis. After confirming that the simulation results meet expectations, we apply our previously proposed framework to identify the pore-scale characteristics of the reactor that have the largest influence on the flow, described with the hydraulic permeability, and the reaction yield. Reasonably, our methodology indicates that most studied properties are impactful and that their changes have opposite effects on the hydraulic permeability and yield. To complete the analysis, we induce the suggested structural changes by manipulating the pellet size distributions and demonstrate that they lead to the predicted outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"23 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous preparation of a nickel-based catalyst via membrane dispersion microreactor and its application in the hydrogenation of 4,4’-dinitrodiphenyl ether","authors":"Xinyuan Li,&nbsp;Yongjun Chen,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhu,&nbsp;Kai Wu,&nbsp;Hongyu Zhang,&nbsp;Yuecheng Zhang,&nbsp;Jiquan Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s41981-025-00370-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41981-025-00370-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>4,4’-Diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) is a key monomer in the synthesis of polyimides and possesses significant application value. However, conventional synthesis methods suffer from notable shortcomings, such as reliance on expensive noble metal catalysts or the requirements for harsh reaction conditions and discontinuous preparation processes when using non-noble metal catalysts. Herein, we employed a dual-membrane micro-dispersion reactor system and low-cost hydrated sodium silicate as the silicon source to achieve green, continuous, and highly efficient synthesis of a bimetallic Ni–Co supported catalyst. The reactor enables precise microscale mixing and mass transfer control, significantly optimizing the catalyst preparation process. Structural characterization results indicated uniform dispersion of metal nanoparticles and strong interactions between the active components and the support, leading to a remarkable enhancement in catalytic performance. In the liquid-phase hydrogenation of 4,4’-dinitrodiphenyl ether (DNDPE) to ODA, the catalyst exhibited excellent activity and stability. The target product yield reached 99.25%, and no significant loss of activity was observed after five consecutive reaction cycles, demonstrating the outstanding process intensification and controllability offered by the dual-membrane micro-dispersion reactor in continuous-flow synthesis.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":630,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Flow Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"9 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}