动物科学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Genetic Relationship between Longevity and Growth, Milk Yield and Fertility Traits in the Sahiwal Breed in Kenya","authors":"Benjamin Musyimi Musingi, Leah Mumbi Mahianyu, Dorcas Mutheu Musingi","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.121002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.121002","url":null,"abstract":"Direct selection for longevity results in improved health and fitness and even milk production of cows. However, longevity is lowly heritable and phenotypic information is obtained at the end of an animal’s life. Traits expressed early in life and which are favorably correlated to longevity can be useful in selecting for this trait. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic correlations between longevity and age at first calving, first lactation calving interval, number of services per conception, first lactation milk yield, and first parity lactation length. Heritability estimates for measures of longevity were also calculated. The measures of longevity were time between birth and last milking in days (Long1), time between first calving and last milking record in months (Long2), number of lactations initiated (Long3), and total number of days in lactation over all lactations (Long4), total milk yield over all lactations (kg) (Long5). A series of five-variate animal models were fitted to estimate the nature and magnitude of genetic and phenotypic correlations between each measure of longevity and the fertility and production traits. Genetic correlations between measures of longevity and age at first calving, calving interval and number of services per conception were negative ranging from −0.14 ± 0.05 to −0.96 ± 0.06, −0.06 ± 0.03 to −0.67 ± 0.08 and −0.02 ± 0.02 to −0.73 ± 0.34, respectively. Correlations between measures of longevity and first lactation milk yield ranged from 0.88 ± 0.01 to 0.97 ± 0.03. Those with first parity lactation length ranged from −0.10 to 0.72. Long1, Long4 and Long5, which measure time between birth and last milking day, total number of days in lactation over all lactations and total milk yield over all lactations (kg), respectively, had the highest heritability estimates. These three could How to cite this paper: Musingi, B.M., Mahianyu, L.M. and Musingi, D.M. (2022) Evaluation of the Genetic Relationship between Longevity and Growth, Milk Yield and Fertility Traits in the Sahiwal Breed in Kenya. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 12, 16-35. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.121002 Received: September 7, 2021 Accepted: November 7, 2021 Published: November 10, 2021 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access B. M. Musingi et al. DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2022.121002 17 Open Journal of Animal Sciences therefore be used to directly select for longevity. Among the traits studied, first lactation milk yield and age at first calving had the highest genetic correlation with measures of longevity. Therefore, first lactation milk yield and age at first calving could, therefore, be used to indirectly select for longevity.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management Practices, Utilization and Challenges of Donkey in Godey Town, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia","authors":"Guled Hassen, Kawnin Abdimahad, K. Welday, Abdihakim Ma’alin, Abdulahi Mahamed, A. Omer","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.124044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.124044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70612548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sturgeon (<i>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</i>) Acclimatization to Optimal Growth Conditions—A Case Study of Adaptation, Nutrition, Reproduction, and Sex Determination","authors":"G. Degani","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.124045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.124045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70612564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Artemisia annua</i> L. as Substitute to Sulfonamides (Sodium Sulfadimerzine) on Coccidiosis and Growth Performance in Rabbits","authors":"H. Watsop, Djibrilla Nabilatou, J. Lemoufouet, Ronald Vougat Ngom, E. Miégoué, Mouchili Mama, M. Abdoulmoumini, Tendonkeng Fernand","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.122012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.122012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friendly Greetings Elicit Improved Effectiveness of Dog Behaviour","authors":"Nicholovich Rose","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.123042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.123042","url":null,"abstract":"Canus lupus familiais (domestic dogs) tend to elicit from (the sign stimulus of) a friendly greeting, improved effectiveness of behaviour, an (observable) innate, likely hormonal, (possibly oxytocin) mediated response (a Mebir). Breakthroughs in the natural and behavioural sciences, political ideology, and education come from evidence for {1} the Mebir, {2} the theorem, humans are loving, non-competitive, and non-aggressive (in part from two new theories of evolution), and {3} the Mebir providing social species with cultural and evolutionary freedom (e.g. the social brain hypothesis is substantiated). Other social species (including humans and songbirds), and possibly “non-social” species (e.g., including domestic cats) likely undergo a Mebir. Social species more frequently undergo social interactions suggesting they more frequently undergo the Mebir, and therefore have greater cultural and evolutionary freedom. Two hypotheses were tested and proven invalid. Friendly greetings do not make dogs more effective in behaviour (nor do they invoke innate hunting behaviours as a displaced innate response (that in wolves improve fitness)) (N = 50), and do not make dogs walk faster (N = 29). Data are inclusive of various dog breeds, mixed breeds, both sexes, and all ages from chance encounters with dogs being walked on a sidewalk in a naturalistic setting. Three synchronous greetings were used to elicit the Mebir in dogs, eye contact, friendly verbal greetings, and handwaves. Behavioural responses were commonly exaggerated but weak for certain individuals. Responses included heightened curiosity (about objects and the environment), courageous exploration, creative and playful behaviour, assertiveness (e.g., in pulling on the leash), “pronounced social affiliation seeking” with dogs, pedestrians, and the dog’s owner, heightened aggressiveness (when territorial), and perhaps heightened concentration. Past research indicates that dog learning is improved from social interactions with humans.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70612377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Haulm and Maize Bran Mixture Supplementation on Growth and Carcass Characteristics Performance of Local Sheep Fed Pasture Hay Basal Diet","authors":"Bijiga Tsafiyo, B. Zewdie, H. Yirga, D. Teshome","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.121003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.121003","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of groundnut haulm and maize bran mixture supplementations on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass characteristics of local sheep fed hay basal diet at Salga sheep farm in Assosa district, Western Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments consisting of six blocks with four animals per block based on their initial body weight of 20.12 ± 0.05 kg (mean ± SD). Treatments comprised of feeding natural pasture hay ad libitum T1 = 0; T2 = 100% maize bran (MB); T3 = 50% MB and 50% Groundnut haulm (GNH), and T4 = 100% GNH. The amount of supplements offered was 300 g/day/animal on DM basis. The daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, dry matter and nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics parameters were measured during the experimental period. The study result indicates that the crude protein (CP) contents were 7.12% and 11.6%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were 67.9% and 57.5% for natural grass hay and groundnut haulm, respectively. The total DM intake was higher OM, and ADF digestibility in the control group (T1) was significantly lower than the supplemented groups (P < 0.001), but there is no significant difference between supplemented treatments (T2, T3, T4). The CP digestibility was the least in the control group (T1) than the supplemented (76 vs 85.5, 88.8 and 89.3 for T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). Furthermore, dressing percentage on slaughter weight and empty body weight basis and rib-eye muscle area were high for T4. Empty body weight and hot carcass weight were higher in T4 (27.5 and 15.2 kg) and T3 (25.5 and 14.1 kg) as compared to the control group (19.8 and 10.3 kg), respectively. Similar to biological performance, the economic analysis also showed that supplementation with T4 resulted in better returns compared to others. Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation in general improved animal performance. Among the supplements, T4 is biologically optimum and economically feasible.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Tree Frog (Hyla savignyi) Coloration in Unstable Habitats at the Southern Border of Its Distribution","authors":"G. Degani","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.121005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.121005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a Three-Fold Continuum of Fry Stocking Density for Rearing Walleye in Lined Ponds","authors":"M. Ward, Chad R. Haabala","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.122014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.122014","url":null,"abstract":"Fry stocking density can affect harvest metrics for fingerling walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) reared in drainable ponds, but few studies have examined these relationships with the use of elevated walleye fry stocking densities in lined ponds. Correlation and regression analyses were used to assess how a three-fold change in walleye fry stocking density (234,375 to 703,125 per hectare) relates to harvest metrics and length of the culture period, as well as the tradeoff experienced between walleye size (grams) and harvest density in 0.32hectare lined ponds over a nine-year period at Blue Dog State Fish Hatchery, South Dakota. As fry stocking density increased, so did harvest metrics for both number (r = 0.85, P < 0.01) and yield (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). Length of the culture period varied between 24 and 35 days and was negatively related to stocking density (r = −0.66, P < 0.01). The linear relationship between harvest density and yield was highly correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.01) with highest values measuring 617,625 walleye and 173 kilograms per hectare. Harvest density explained 61% of the variation in walleye size (P < 0.01) and exhibited a decreasing curvilinear relationship such that continued increases in harvest density resulted in smaller reductions in fish size. Increasing fry stocking density from 234,375 to 703,125 per hectare in lined ponds coincided with increased rearing efficiencies for number and yield, as well as a reduced culture period. Minimal reduction in walleye size occurred once harvest density exceeded 300,000 per hectare.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Supplementing Finger Millet (Eleucine coracana) Straw with Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Hulls and Concentrate Mixture on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Body Weight Change in Washera Sheep","authors":"S. Ayele, Shashitu Kefale, M. Addis","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.121006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.121006","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of sheep in Ethiopia is very low mainly due to a serious shortage of feedstuff. As a result, it is necessary to look for cheap locally available feedstuffs to sustain sheep production in the country. Non-conventional feeds like grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) hulls (GPH) could partly fill the gap in the feed supply, decrease competition for food between humans and animals and reduce feed cost. Therefore, this experiment was designed to evaluate effects of different proportions of grass pea hulls and concentrate mixture (CM) supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, and growth of Washera sheep fed finger millet straw (FMS) as a basal diet. Diets consisted FMS alone fed ad libitum (T1), 100% CM (T2), 30% GPH mixed with 70% CM (T3), 30% CM mixed with 70% GPH (T4), and 100% GPH (T5). For all treatments, FMS was fed ad libitum. Experimental sheep were arranged in a randomized complete block design and treatment feeds were assigned to the animals within a block. The results showed that FMS contained 5.5% CP and 68.9% NDF. there was reduction (p < 0.05) in DM intake, DM and CP digestibility and consequently depressed ADG in sheep. Partial budget analysis results showed that net return and change in net return were in the order of T3 > T2 > T4 > T5. Therefore, from biological point of view as well as based on partial budget analysis, T3 was found to be recommendable for smallholder sheep produc-ers.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Calcium Source in Supplemental Diets on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of the Giant African Land Snails (<i>Archachatina marginata</i>) in the Western Highlands of Cameroon","authors":"A. T. Niba, Ongum Simon Unji, Ngwarh Perpetua Tuncha, Helvecia Takwe","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2022.123041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2022.123041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70612364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}