动物科学期刊(英文)最新文献

{"title":"Pond Substrate Type Affects Yellow Perch Fingerling Size at Harvest","authors":"M. Ward","doi":"10.4236/OJAS.2021.111003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJAS.2021.111003","url":null,"abstract":"Fish size and harvest density generally exhibit a negative relationship in pond culture, but the influence that pond substrate type can have on this relationship is not well understood. To evaluate the influence of pond substrate type on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), harvest density (number/hectare) was linearly regressed against individual fingerling size (grams) for lined (n = 48) and earthen (n = 40) substrate ponds that were treated similarly in terms of organic fertilizer use and the number of days in the pond over 12 culture seasons at Blue Dog Lake State Hatchery, South Dakota, USA. Harvest density explained 45 and 39% of the variation in yellow perch size in lined and earthen-substrate ponds (all P P = 0.62); however, fingerling size was significantly larger in lined ponds regardless of density that varied from near 0 to 700,000 per hectare (y-intercept comparison, P < 0.01). At the same harvest density, lined ponds will tend to produce larger yellow perch fingerlings compared to earthen ponds when similar organic fertilizers are used.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46346425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Neutrophils in the Interaction with Leishmania: Far beyond a Simple Trojan Horse?","authors":"J. C. Carreira, Alba Valéria Machado da Silva","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2021.113029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.113029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Use in Commercial Poultry Production Systems in Kiambu County, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices","authors":"J. Ndukui, J. Gikunju, G. Aboge, J. Mbaria","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2021.114045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.114045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ticks, Demographics, Vegetation Cover, and Farmer’s Age Influence Red Meat Production in Resource-Poor Regions of Eastern Cape Province of South Africa","authors":"N. Nyangiwe, S. Goni, Thami Khethani, T. Thubela, M. Jansen, S. Mthi, M. Yawa, S. Tokozwayo, U. Gulwa, N. Mapholi, I. Jaja, L. Qokweni, Y. Mkabile, S. Magoda, Z. Ntondini, Z. Khumalo","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2021.114046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.114046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters of Broilers Fed Meal and Protein Isolate of Mucuna pruriens Seeds","authors":"M. N. Nathalie, M. Emile, Youssoufa Tchoubou, Y. Manga, Pelyang Maurice, Madjou Solange, N. Y. Nicolas, N. Nchiwan, F. Florence, P. Etienne","doi":"10.4236/OJAS.2021.112025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJAS.2021.112025","url":null,"abstract":"Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) represents an interesting source of protein poorly studied. The effect of dietary inclusion of meal and protein isolate of Mucuna seeds on biochemical and oxidative stress parameter of broilers (135-one-day Cobb500 chickens) was investigated. Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated from soya bean meal (Control group: RTS), Mucuna meal (coded RFM) and Mucuna protein isolate (coded RIM). Each of the dietary treatments was triplicated with 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The birds were offered feed and water ad libitum. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) effect of N source on the organ total proteins with treatment RFM and RIM exhibiting lower but comparable levels in the Liver (2.01 and 1.98 g/dL), Heart (1.95 and 1.89 g/dL) and Kidney (1.92 and 1.91 g/dL). Triglycerides contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the liver of broilers fed RIM and RFM (2.49 and 2.36 mg/dL), in the Kidney of chicks fed RIM and RTS (2.27 and 2.34 mg/dL) and in the Heart of birds fed RTS and RFM (1.90 and 1.87 mg/dL). Broilers fed RFM presented the highest (p < 0.05) Liver total cholesterol (1.61 mg/dL) and ALAT contents but with similar values with birds fed RTS (36.43 and 35.50 UI/L respectively). ASAT level was significantly high (p < 0.05) in the Liver and Plasma (265.50 and 264.50 UI/L respectively) of broilers of RFM diet. In all the organs, MDA content was highest (p < 0.05) in chicks of RIM batch. In the Heart and Plasma, chicks of RFM (3.23 and 5.05 μl/mg respectively) and RIM (5.45 and 5.35 μl/mg respectively) diets registered elevated rate of CAT. In view of these results, investigations remain to be carried out on the impact of the inclusion of How to cite this paper: Mweugang, N.N., Miegoue, E., Youssoufa, T., Yacouba, M., Pelyang, M., Madjou, S., Njintang, Y.N., Nukenine, N.E., Fonteh, A.F. and Pamo, T.E. (2021) Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters of Broilers Fed Meal and Protein Isolate of Mucuna pruriens Seeds. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 11, 354368. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.112025 Received: January 15, 2021 Accepted: April 27, 2021 Published: April 30, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access N. N. Mweugang et al. DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2021.112025 355 Open Journal of Animal Sciences meal and protein isolate of M. pruriens seeds in broilers diet during the growthfinishing phase.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"354-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading of Raw Wheat Straw Applying Fungal Treatment","authors":"Zaazaa Ahmed, Shraim Faisal, Abo Omar Jamal","doi":"10.4236/OJAS.2021.113027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJAS.2021.113027","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to improve the nutritive value of local wheat straw (WS) through treatment with fungi Pleurotus and to determine the nutrients digestibility using DaisyII technique. Results showed that fungal treated WS had more (P < 0.05) levels of dry matter (DM), ash and phosphorus (P) compared to the untreated WS. Moreover, fungal treatment had significant effect on reduction (P < 0.05) of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in crude protein (CP) content. Fungal treatment increased digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and gross energy (GE) by 12%, 27%, 28%, 2% and 12%, respectively. It can be concluded that fungal treatment has an advantage in upgrading raw WS.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Natural Feed Supplement on Methane Mitigation Potential and Performance in Holstein Bull Calves","authors":"T. Brand, Matthias Miller, D. Kand","doi":"10.4236/OJAS.2021.112017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJAS.2021.112017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction of solid feeds in the ration of calves has been shown to increase rumen size and stimulate rumen fermentation. With the initiation of bacterial fermentation in the rumen, the intermediary metabolism moves from a glucose-based to a volatile fatty acid-based metabolism, which releases methane. Mootral has been identified as a promising plant-derived feed supplement to reduce methane emission in dairy and beef cattle. Therefore, the present study aimed at quantifying and mitigating the methane emissions in calves until the slaughtering age of 28 weeks. The study consisted of 20 Holstein bull calves at a commercial farm, assigned randomly into 2 groups (control n = 10; treatment n = 10), for 2 weeks of adaptation and 8 weeks of sample collection. The calves were fed an increasing amount of milk replacer and ad libitum wheat straw. Mootral was fed once a day to the treatment calves. Methane was measured using GreenFeed units where concentrate feed was offered as bait. The calves were weighed at the start and every four weeks during the experiment. The calves in the treatment group had lower methane emissions (54 g/d) compared to the control group (70 g/d), a reduction of 22.8%. In contrast, carbon dioxide emission and dry matter intake did not differ significantly between the study groups. Moreover, no negative impact on the average daily weight gain and carcass weight was observed in Mootral fed calves. Although the methane emission (g/kg body weight) was lower in treatment than in the control group, the absolute difference between the groups narrowed with increasing age of the calves. The results suggest a need to increase the dose in line with the increased body weight and intake of the calves. In conclusion, Mootral effectively reduced methane in calves. Further trials to determine the optimal dose for calves are warranted, and as well studies to investigate if interventions (such as Mootral) applied at an earlier life cycle stage would have an impact on methane emissions at later stages of catHow to cite this paper: Brand, T., Miller, M. and Kand, D. (2021) Effect of Natural Feed Supplement on Methane Mitigation Potential and Performance in Holstein Bull Calves. Open Journal of Animal Sciences, 11, 222-230. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2021.112017 Received: January 22, 2021 Accepted: April 17, 2021 Published: April 20, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":"11 1","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70611011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Fogera Cattle Farmers on Climate Change and Variability in Awi Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Abera, Y. Mummed, Mitiku Eshetu, F. Pilla, Z. Wondifraw","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2020.104052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.104052","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at assessing perception of Fogera cattle farmers on climate change and variability in selected districts of Awi zone. The zone was classified as lowland (2500 m.a.s.l) based on altitudinal variation from which a total of three districts one per cluster were selected through random sampling. 150 households were selected through systematic random sampling targeting Fogera cattle owners for primary data collection. Over 36 years (from 1983-2019) of meteorological data were taken from the National Meteorological Agency. Meteorological data result confirmed that climate was changing across all the agro-ecological zones. Both the mean annual maximum and minimum temperature was considerably increasing for all agro-ecological zones whereas the mean annual rainfall was decreasing which is consistent with the farmers’ perception. Meteorological data result also showed that the short rainy and dry season rainfall indicated high interannual variability at all agro-ecological zones. Survey result revealed that 97.13% of the farmers recognized climate change and variability impact in all agro-ecological zones. About 80.91% of Fogera cattle farmers reported the incidence of negative impacts of climate change and variability on cattle. Chi-square test values of survey results show that in all agro-ecological zones frequency of drought, duration of dry spell, wind, and floods were ever-increasing (p < 0.001). Moreover, about 84.48%, 65.3%, and 60.47% of farmers owning Fogera cattle in the lowland, midland, and highland, respectively perceived the prevalence of increasing (p < 0.001) cattle mortality. In response to climate change and variability, farmers were reducing number of livestock, diversification of livestock species, and replacing Fogera cattle with small ruminants as adaptation strategies. Thus, regular prediction of climate change and variability and designing pertinent response strategies is essential to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change for enhancing resilience capacity of the Fogera cattle farmers in the study areas.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Curcuma longa Powder on Haematology and Serological Properties of Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)","authors":"F. Tendonkeng, E. Miégoué, Bertine Marie Noël Noumbissi, David Fokom Wauffo, Hervé Mube Kuitche, Dayan Ebile Agwah","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2020.104049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.104049","url":null,"abstract":"The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of Cucurma longa powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% C. longa in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of Curcuma longa at 0.25% significantly (p Curcuma longa powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46086237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Calcium Salts of Linseed Oil on Productive Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Grazing Dairy Cows","authors":"Yaliska Moreno González, J. Iorio, María Florencia Olmeda, D. Curletto, D. Scandolo, M. Maciel, A. Cuatrín, R. A. Palladino, C. Pérez, E. Salado","doi":"10.4236/ojas.2020.104050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2020.104050","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplying calcium salts of linseed oil (Ca-FA) rich in omega-3 (α-linolenic acid) on the production and chemical composition of milk and its nutraceutical value in dairy cows in early lactation. The trial lasted 12 weeks (2 weeks for adaptation to lipids and 10 weeks of data collection). A total of 36 Holstein dairy cows with 58.0 ± 17.0 days in milk (DIM), 594.1 ± 92.4 kg BW, 2.6 ± 1.5 parity and 38.9 ± 9.3 kg milk day-1 were used in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were: 1) Omega-3 (O3): 5.2 kg DM day-1 of concentrate including 0.7 kg DM of Ca-FA + 13.5 kg DM day-1 of partial mixed ration (PMR) + 12 kg DM day-1 of alfalfa pasture (Medicago sativa) and 2) Control (C): diet similar to O3 but lipid supplementation was replaced by cracked corn grain so that the diets were isoenergetic. No treatment effect was detected (P > 0.05) for any milk production and composition variables, except for urea in milk that was slightly higher in O3 (P = 0.02). The treatment × week interaction was significant (P ·day-1 and 3.86% vs. 3.23% for fat yield and content, respectively). Total DMI and PMR were similar (P > 0.05) between treatments. Concentrate intake was higher (P 0.05) in rumen environment parameters. Supplementation with Ca-FA reduced (P 18:3n-3) increased (108%, P kg·day-1) improved the healthy value of the milk.","PeriodicalId":62784,"journal":{"name":"动物科学期刊(英文)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42950121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}