材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100358
Haixiao Hu , Haiyan Liang , Xiaoyan Liu , Hehe Jiang , Moyu Yi , Yongzhong Wu , Xiaopeng Hao , Bin Chang , Weijia Zhou
{"title":"Optimization of single crystal surface and interface structures for electrocatalysis","authors":"Haixiao Hu , Haiyan Liang , Xiaoyan Liu , Hehe Jiang , Moyu Yi , Yongzhong Wu , Xiaopeng Hao , Bin Chang , Weijia Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For emerging renewable and sustainable energy technologies, single crystal materials have become key materials to enhance electrocatalytic performance because of their atomic-level ordered structures and tailorable surface and interfacial properties. Various single crystal types, including metals, semiconductors, ceramics, organics, and nanocrystals, exhibit superior catalytic selectivity and stability in reactions such as water splitting and carbon/nitrogen cycles, benefiting from high electrical conductivity, tunable energy bands, and active sites with high surface energy. Through surface modification, interfacial atomic doping, and heterostructure construction, the distribution of active sites, electronic structure, and mass transport can be precisely regulated, significantly optimizing the catalytic kinetics of single crystal materials. In situ characterizations elucidate catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale, while emerging methods like AI-assisted synthesis and bio-template directed growth offer pathways to overcome bottlenecks in the precision and cost of single crystal preparation. In addressing stability challenges in complex environments, strategies such as organic-inorganic hybridization and gradient interface design effectively mitigate interfacial instability. Future research should focus on cross-scale structural regulation and multidisciplinary integration to facilitate the transition of single crystal electrocatalysts from fundamental research to industrial applications, enabling efficient energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100357
Mingfu Yu, Xin Ma, Tianyu Zhang, Jie Li, Hong Sun
{"title":"2D Ti3C2Tx as efficient cathode electrocatalyst for hybrid electrolyte Li-air battery","authors":"Mingfu Yu, Xin Ma, Tianyu Zhang, Jie Li, Hong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid electrolyte lithium-air batteries (HELABs) face challenges such as the high cathode overpotential, cycling instability, and catalyst degradation, limiting their widespread use in practical applications. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) free energy profile, overpotential, and adsorption energy of two-dimensional Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><em>x</em></sub> as a cathode catalyst. The optimal oxygen adsorption sites on Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><em>x</em></sub> surfaces are identified, and the charge transfer, band structure, density of states, and bonding characteristics after oxygen adsorption are quantitatively analyzed. Results suggest that Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><em>x</em></sub> exhibits low overpotentials when used as a HELAB cathode electrocatalyst, with oxygen preferentially adsorbing at the top and bridge sites of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>, respectively. These findings offer valuable insights for the application of MXenes in HELABs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100351
Yuan Zhang , Yurong You , Rongxiang Hu , Rui Wang , Yifan Su , Xin Cao , Dawei Sha , Long Pan , Zhengming Sun
{"title":"Identifying the tri-roles of anion vacancy on improving K-ion storage","authors":"Yuan Zhang , Yurong You , Rongxiang Hu , Rui Wang , Yifan Su , Xin Cao , Dawei Sha , Long Pan , Zhengming Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anion vacancy engineering (AVE) is an emerging strategy to improve K-ion storage of conversion-type anode materials, despite its intensive application in Li/Na-ion batteries. The existing mechanisms of AVE's effects mainly focus on charge transfer but fail to clarify other critical issues. Here, we propose a new insight into AVE's effect on K-ion storage by introducing Te vacancies into a representative conversion-type NiTe. In addition to existing mechanisms, we demonstrate Te vacancies play three other unprecedented roles. (1) Te vacancies minimize the intrinsic volume strain from 15% to 6%, significantly suppressing anode pulverization and element dissolution. (2) Te vacancies induce the in-situ formation of a thin yet robust KF-based inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase, further accommodating volume strain and element dissolution. (3) Te vacancies reduce Ni-Te bond lengths and promote K-ion diffusion by modulating local atomic structure. Therefore, NiTe<sub>1</sub><sub>−</sub><sub><em>x</em></sub> delivers an outstanding cycling performance (229.5 mAh g<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> at 3.0 A g<sup>−1</sup> for 1350 cycles) and rate capability (171.7 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5.0 A g<sup>−1</sup>). Furthermore, NiTe<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>-based full cells showcase a remarkable energy density of 200.4 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>. This work comprehensively elucidates the AVE's effects on alkali-ion storage, promoting the development of advanced conversion-type anode materials for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PA-doped high-temperature proton exchange membranes containing bis-cation pairs with excellent PA retention capability for fuel cells","authors":"Tong Mu, Xinyue Hu, Yue Ao, Yuetong Gao, Binghui Liu, Chengji Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thiol-imidazole functionalized (<em>p</em>-triphenyl-pentafluorobenzaldehyde) polymer (IMPTP) was prepared and quaternized with different side chains to obtain imidazolium-modified Me-IMPTP, He-IMPTP and BIM-IMPTP membranes for application in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). The presence of the thioether group in the polymers enabled radical scavenging for antioxidant properties, while imidazolium cations interacted strongly with H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> to prevent phosphoric acid (PA) leaching. The prepared BIM-IMPTP membrane incorporating bisimidazolium cation string with a long alkyl spacer demonstrated the highest mass retention of 82.93% after being immersed in Fenton's reagent for 24 h. Additionally, the PA-doped BIM-IMPTP membranes exhibited excellent PA retention under high-humidity conditions (80 °C/100% RH). The single cell equipped with the BIM-IMPTP/320%PA membrane achieved a maximum power density (<em>PD</em><sub>max</sub>) of 945 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 160 °C. Among the four membranes with a similar acid doping content (ADC), the BIM-IMPTP/163%PA membrane with bis-cation pairs in the side chains exhibited a well-developed microphase-separated structure and high proton conductivity (119.0 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> at 180 °C). The single cell assembled with BIM-IMPTP/163%PA membrane maintained a <em>PD</em><sub>max</sub> of 613 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 160 °C and demonstrated long-term operational stability under both 150 °C/400 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 80 °C/200 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> conditions. These results indicate that the introduction of thioether and bis-cation pairs in the structural design of polymers contributes significantly to the long-term stability of HT-PEMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100359
Jiayang Li , Gaowa Naren , Chunmei Tang , Lixin Xing , Ling Meng , Ning Wang , Ruiming Zhang , Siyu Ye , Liguang Wang , Lei Du
{"title":"Asymmetric ruthenium-iron dipole enabling fast alkaline water splitting on ruthenium-doped iron-nickel layered double hydroxides","authors":"Jiayang Li , Gaowa Naren , Chunmei Tang , Lixin Xing , Ling Meng , Ning Wang , Ruiming Zhang , Siyu Ye , Liguang Wang , Lei Du","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrically driven water splitting is an efficient method for green hydrogen production; however, its practical application is substantially constrained by the kinetically sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Ruthenium (Ru) and its oxides are widely recognized as highly active OER catalysts. Although Ru is significantly cheaper than iridium (Ir), further reducing its content remains desirable. Herein, atomically dispersed Ru is doped into iron-nickel layered double hydroxides (Ru-FeNi-LDH) to decrease the Ru usage. We found that the Ru doping limit is roughly 9 wt%, and the Ru doping content significantly alters the OER kinetics—note that the high Ru concentration remarkably damages the Ru-FeNi-LDH structure and leads to agglomeration formation. By optimizing the Ru doping content to 3.3 wt%, the Ru-FeNi-LDH presents a low overpotential of 230 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in 1 M KOH, which is far better than the reference FeNi-LDH (280 mV) and RuO<sub>2</sub> (350 mV). In the overall water splitting test, the current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> can be reached at a low voltage of 1.52 V, with stable operation for 80 h. Interestingly, Ru and Fe form an asymmetric Ru-Fe dipole, which is likely doped together into the LDH because the content of Fe instead of Ni is dependent on Ru content in experimental results. The electron-deficient feature of the Ru-Fe dipole thus facilitates the OER process. This work demonstrates a dual-transition metal synergy, providing a design strategy for OER and related catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100354
Weiyu Zhang , Jie Li , Hong Li , Yi Tang , Tianqi Yang , Xiaofei Ye , Weiyi Jin , Yiming Sun , Yicheng Dong , Xiangdong Zhang , Chenliang Gong
{"title":"A new pyridine-based porous organic polymer composited high-temperature proton exchange membrane","authors":"Weiyu Zhang , Jie Li , Hong Li , Yi Tang , Tianqi Yang , Xiaofei Ye , Weiyi Jin , Yiming Sun , Yicheng Dong , Xiangdong Zhang , Chenliang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As promising high-temperature proton exchange membranes, phosphoric acid (PA) doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes still face challenges, including excessive PA leaching and limited long-term stability. The preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) has emerged as a viable strategy to address these limitations, which can combine the excellent mechanical properties of polymers with the structural advantages of porous fillers. Among various filler materials, nitrogen-containing porous organic polymers (POPs) have shown particular promise because of their excellent compatibility with polymers. Therefore, in this work, a new pyridine-based POP called Py-POP was synthesized. Py-POP was mixed with commercial poly[2,2′-(<em>p</em>-oxidiphenylene)-5,5′-benzimidazole] (OPBI) to prepare MMMs. Theoretical calculations indicate that the pyridine groups exhibit strong interactions with PA, significantly enhancing both PA retention and proton conduction efficiency. Remarkably, the PA retention rate of the composite membrane doped with 10 wt% Py-POP is 77.2% at 80 °C/40% RH, which is much higher than that of the OPBI (62.7%). Furthermore, the membrane achieves an outstanding proton conductivity of 0.173 S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 180 °C, which is 4.2 times higher than that of the OPBI membrane. The peak power density of the composite membrane can achieve 915.1 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> and remains at 891.5 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> after 80 cycles of testing at 180 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100350
Jiayun Xu , Xun Sun , Fei Wang, Xinyan Wu, Yongcheng Zhang, Qiang Li, Wanneng Ye
{"title":"Dual-pathway self-promoting piezocatalytic H2O2 generation over Bi5Ti3FeO15 nanofibers and the mechanism","authors":"Jiayun Xu , Xun Sun , Fei Wang, Xinyan Wu, Yongcheng Zhang, Qiang Li, Wanneng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) generation is a promising synthesis method that has received increasing attention; however, the reaction pathway requires further investigation. Here, Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> nanofibers are used to generate H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by harvesting mechanical energy, and the reaction pathways are investigated. The H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> yield over Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> nanofibers steadily increases from 331 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> in the first cycle to 746 μmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> in the tenth cycle in pure water without a sacrificial agent. Reliable reaction pathways are revealed by monitoring the pH value changes in the reaction solution during the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation process. In the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation process, the water oxidation reaction (WOR) provides a large amount of H<sup>+</sup> in the reaction solution, which promotes the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation. Therefore, an efficient synergistic effect between ORR and WOR achieves dual-pathway H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation, contributing to the excellent piezocatalytic performance of Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> nanofibers. Furthermore, mechanistic studies indicate that the piezocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation follows the energy band theory. This work not only demonstrates Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> nanofibers as efficient piezocatalysts for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation but also provides a simple and effective approach to elucidate reaction pathways. This approach can be applied in photocatalytic, tribocatalytic, and electrocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100352
Biyan Zhuang , Nengneng Xu , Xiaoqian Xu , Lingyu Dai , Yongxia Wang , Min Wang , Kai Wu , Jinli Qiao
{"title":"Hierarchically mesoporous Fe-N-C single-atom catalysts for efficient oxygen electrocatalysis in rechargeable zinc-air batteries","authors":"Biyan Zhuang , Nengneng Xu , Xiaoqian Xu , Lingyu Dai , Yongxia Wang , Min Wang , Kai Wu , Jinli Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) hold significant promise for next-generation energy storage due to their unique advantages in safety, energy and cost. However, their commercial application remains hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), necessitating the development of highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a hierarchically mesoporous Fe-N-C catalyst (Fe-N/MPC<sub>S500</sub>) synthesized via a template-assisted method, which exhibits exceptional bifunctional ORR/OER performance. The Fe-N/MPC<sub>S500</sub> catalyst achieves a positive ORR half-wave potential (0.86 V), along with a low OER over-potential of 510 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, surpassing those of most non-precious metal catalysts. Furthermore, in a liquid-state ZAB, Fe-N/MPC<sub>S500</sub> delivers a high specific capacity of 708 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, a peak power density of 409 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, and stable charge-discharge cycling over 470 h, outperforming commercial Pt/C + Ir/C catalysts. The outstanding performance is attributed to the hierarchical porosity, optimized Fe-N coordination, and enhanced electron/mass transport. This work presents a scalable and low-cost strategy for developing high-performance single-atom catalysts, paving the way for practical deployment in energy conversion and storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
材料导报:能源(英文)Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matre.2025.100356
Lizhen Wu , Qing Wang , Wenzhi Li , Mingcong Tang , Liang An
{"title":"Multi-scale modeling of the multi-phase flow in water electrolyzers for green hydrogen production","authors":"Lizhen Wu , Qing Wang , Wenzhi Li , Mingcong Tang , Liang An","doi":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matre.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water electrolyzers play a crucial role in green hydrogen production. However, their efficiency and scalability are often compromised by bubble dynamics across various scales, from nanoscale to macroscale components. This review explores multi-scale modeling as a tool to visualize multi-phase flow and improve mass transport in water electrolyzers. At the nanoscale, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal how electrode surface features and wettability influence nanobubble nucleation and stability. Moving to the mesoscale, models such as volume of fluid (VOF) and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) shed light on bubble transport in porous transport layers (PTLs). These insights inform innovative designs, including gradient porosity and hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterning, aimed at minimizing gas saturation. At the macroscale, VOF simulations elucidate two-phase flow regimes within channels, showing how flow field geometry and wettability affect bubble discharging. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven surrogate models expedite the optimization process, allowing for rapid exploration of structural parameters in channel-rib flow fields and porous flow field designs. By integrating these approaches, we can bridge theoretical insights with experimental validation, ultimately enhancing water electrolyzer performance, reducing costs, and advancing affordable, high-efficiency hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":61638,"journal":{"name":"材料导报:能源(英文)","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":13.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}