International Journal of Steel Structures最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Study on Behaviors of Double-shear Four-Bolted Connection with Austenitic Stainless Steel","authors":"Dongkeun Lee,&nbsp;Jinwoo Kim,&nbsp;KangSeok Lee,&nbsp;TaeSoo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00878-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00878-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that stainless steel has many advantages such as superb durability, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Thus, the use of stainless steel for various structural members in construction fields is recently increasing. Structural behaviors of bolted and welded connections, compressive and flexural members, beam-column joints, seismic devices etc. have been conducted experimentally and numerically and thus new design methods have been proposed. Hence, in this study, both experiment and finite element analysis were conducted to assess the block shear failure behaviors of double-shear four-bolted connections made of austenitic stainless steel (STS304) with thinner plate and larger end distance, which are beyond the range of previous literature. The main parameter was end distance and edge distance. Block shear strengths by parametric analysis and test results study were compared with design predictions. It is found that current design equations tended to significantly underestimated test and analysis results. Therefore, modified block shear strength equation was recommended for austenitic stainless steel double shear bolted connection treated in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1165 - 1177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Fracture Behavior of High-Strength Structural Steel and Welds based on Micromechanical Models","authors":"XiYue Liu,&nbsp;Jia Yang,&nbsp;YuanQing Wang,&nbsp;YiCong Ye,&nbsp;JinGuang Li,&nbsp;Tong Sun","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00868-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00868-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate the fracture initiation mechanisms and establish the relationship between the ductile fracture mechanism and macro stress–strain for high-strength structural steel, the mechanical response and fracture behavior of Q460C steel and its butt welds were studied via tests, numerical analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in this paper. The mechanical properties of high-strength steel (HSS) under different stress triaxialities were studied by uniaxial tensile tests on standard specimens and notched round rods. The finite element model is set up according to the characteristic length which is based on SEM observations. By combining experimental results and numerical simulations, the constitutive model and fracture prediction model were established. The relationship between the ductile fracture mechanism and the macro stress strain was obtained. The toughness parameters of the micromechanical model of Q460C steel and its welded joints were compared with those of Q345 steel and seven other types of structural steel from the United States and Japan. The results show that the characteristic length of the crack tip is the key factor affecting the accuracy of predicting fracture toughness under a large stress–strain gradient. The toughness predicted by the model is in good agreement with the traditional fracture toughness test results when taking the average value. The experimental results and finite element analysis verified the effectiveness of the VGM and SMCS micromechanical models in predicting the fracture toughness of Q460C steel and its welded joints, which can provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the anti-fracture design and application of HSS structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 4","pages":"947 - 957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexural Analysis of Elastically Supported Bidirectional Monel–Zirconia Skew FGM Plate Subjected to Line Load Using Meshless Collocation Technique","authors":"Manish Chand Srivastava,&nbsp;Jeeoot Singh,&nbsp;H. K. Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00883-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00883-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present paper, the meshfree collocation technique is implemented for analyzing the bending behavior of bidirectional porous functionally graded material (BPFGM) plates resting on an elastic foundation in the framework of higher-order shear deformation plate theory (HSDT). The variation of material properties in both the thickness and length directions of skewed BPFGM plates will adhere to a modified power-law distribution, encompassing two different porosity distributions. The Meshless Collocation Technique (MCT) is based on Wendland radial basis functions (WRBF) and is used to discretize the governing differential equations (GDEs) obtained via energy principles. The accuracy and effectiveness of the MCT are verified by comparing the computed results with other numerical solutions reported by many researchers in the literature. Additionally, detailed parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of various factors on the flexural responses of BPFGM plates, including the grading index, plate length-to-thickness ratio, elastic foundation, aspect ratio, porosity index, porosity distribution, and the effect of transverse loading. Results demonstrate that the WRBF method can effectively predict the flexural behavior of BPFGM plates under different conditions. Overall, this paragraph provides a brief overview of the study's objectives, methodology, and findings, highlighting the development of a meshfree method based on radial basis functions for analyzing the flexural behavior of BPFGM plates and its effectiveness in predicting the plate's response under various conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1065 - 1082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Stiffener Characteristics on the Performance of the Novel Grooved Gusset Plate Damper for Cross-Braced Frames: Numerical and Experimental Study","authors":"Mohammad Almohammad-albakkar,&nbsp;Farhad Behnamfar","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00882-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00882-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research introduces a novel gusset plate damper designed to safeguard structures from intense seismic activity and enhance the performance of X-braced frames. The damper includes a grooved plate with multiple parallel steel strips, and cross braces segmented into four parts by the central grooved plate. Both sides of each brace segment, a set of strips is embedded within the gusset plate, oriented perpendicular to their corresponding brace axis. The X-braced frames equipped with grooved gusset plate damper (GGPD) were subjected to cyclic loading both experimentally and numerically. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system exhibits robust seismic performance. Employing ABAQUS, the calibration results demonstrated excellent agreement between the experimental and numerical outcomes, affirming the accuracy of the finite element method in predicting the cyclic behavior and fracturing patterns of this innovative system. Additionally, the study delved into the local buckling and the necessity of incorporating stiffeners for the grooved plate damper along their edges, evaluating their impact on the main characteristics of the new damper. The findings revealed that when appropriately reinforced at its edges, the proposed damper demonstrates excellent behavior and stable hysteretic curves. Moreover, decreasing the width-to-thickness ratios of steel stiffeners in the GGPD resulted in wider hysteresis loops. Findings indicated that a width-to-thickness ratio of 7 yields favorable outcomes for design parameters, including lateral elastic stiffness and ultimate strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1051 - 1064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Shear Buckling Capacity of Steel Octagon-Web Beam","authors":"Shan Chang,&nbsp;Lu Ma,&nbsp;Bi Sun,&nbsp;Ling Yuan,&nbsp;Xinxin Yue,&nbsp;Weidong Wu","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00881-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00881-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the principle of lightweight and easy construction of prefabricated structures, steel octagon-web beam (SOWB) which has the similar appearance of honeycomb was proposed. SOWB with opening web has the advantages of both honeycomb beam and steel structure bridge. In order to obtain reasonable boundary conditions of the finite element (FE) model for evaluating the pure shear buckling capacity of SOWB, the FE method was used to verify the formulas of pure shear buckling coefficient of rectangular thin plate. Based on the FE method and data fitting method, the formulas of pure shear buckling coefficient for octagonal thin plate with round opening were obtained by modifying the parameters of the buckling coefficient formulas for rectangular thin plate. In order to predict the buckling capacity of SOWB, a calculation method was proposed through the strut model. In order to verify the reliability of the proposed method, a buckling analysis model of SOWB was realized by the FE software ABAQUS. The influences of two parameters, such as expansion ratio and the ratio of flange plate thickness to web thickness, on the buckling capacity of SOWB were analyzed. Furthermore, the proposed method which can be used to evaluate the buckling capacity of SOWB was improved by introducing the constraint effect coefficient of the flange.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1038 - 1050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Response Reconstruction of a Full-Scale 3D Structure Model Using Limited Multi-Response Data","authors":"Namju Byun,&nbsp;Joo-Young Won,&nbsp;Jeonghwa Lee,&nbsp;Yunwoo Lee,&nbsp;Young-Jong Kang","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00875-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00875-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structural response analysis using a limited amount of multi-response data (SRALMR), which can reconstruct the global response of a structure using limited data, was recently established based on the shape superposition and least-squares methods. In addition, the SRALMR was validated using a finite element (FE) model of a simple beam, truss, and cable-stayed bridge. However, because of the difference in complexity between the 2D and 3D responses, validation using only a 2D model is insufficient to ensure successful application of the SRALMR to on-site structures. Therefore, in this study, the SRALMR was validated using a full-scale FE model of an on-site target bridge in Korea. The FE model was constructed in 3D using shell and beam elements, and six target load cases were considered, with the global 3D deformation and stress reconstructed using limited displacement, slope, and strain data. The results showed that the global 3D deformation and stress can be properly reconstructed using the SRALMR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 6","pages":"1336 - 1346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Concentration Around Cutouts in Spirally Welded Steel Columns","authors":"Jayasri Muthukumaran,&nbsp;Jane Helena Henderson","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00876-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00876-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spirally welded (SW) columns have found widespread application in diverse structures, including pipeline constructions, wind turbine towers, foundation piles, and high-rise buildings. While prior research has examined cutouts in flat plates, there is a noticeable gap in the investigation of circular columns with similar cutouts. Given the critical role these structures play, it is increasingly imperative to direct research endeavours toward comprehending the behaviour of stress concentration in curved plates featuring cutouts. Specifically, the presence of circular cutouts in a column is shown to induce a diminished stress concentration, owing to the even distribution of stresses. This research delves into a comprehensive study of SW steel columns of different length-to-diameter ratios (L/D) that incorporate circular cutouts of varying sizes and subjected to axial compression. Experiments were conducted on 18 specimens, with results scrutinized and benchmarked against analytical outcomes obtained through Abaqus software. For a comprehensive analysis, 990 finite element (FE) models were created, and non-linear analysis was carried out. Subsequently, a comparative examination was undertaken between longitudinally welded (LW) and SW columns, incorporating varying cutout sizes and positions. The results of both analytical investigations and experimental tests exhibited a remarkably strong correlation. One intriguing and paradoxical observation emerged: an increase in the size of the cutout within an SW column simultaneously enhanced buckling loads while reducing the structural mass. SW columns achieve a more uniform stress distribution along their length due to the presence of a continuous helical weld seam. This helical seam enables the column to efficiently distribute applied loads, minimizing localized stress concentrations. In contrast, LW columns feature weld seams that run parallel to the column's length, potentially creating stress concentrations and vulnerable areas within the structure. Consequently, the continuous nature of the helical weld seam in SW columns enhances load distribution and reduces the likelihood of stress concentration induced weaknesses compared to the linear weld seams in LW columns. This phenomenon underscores the superior load-bearing capacity conferred by the spiral welding technique, positioning SW columns as the preferred choice for applications where strength and efficiency are of paramount importance. Additionally, the data derived from both experimental tests and analytical investigations have been used to propose an equation for the calculation of stress concentration factor around cutouts in SW columns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1012 - 1030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141786202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Welding Parameters on Material Properties of SS 316L Stainless Steel Welded Joints","authors":"Rameshwar V. Chavan,&nbsp;Anirban C. Mitra","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00874-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00874-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A wire is fed into the MIG welding gun, where it sparks and melts to form the weld. It is frequently semi-automated or automatic. TIG welding uses a non-consumable electrode and a separate filler material to combine metals with long rods. TIG and MIG welding are commonly used in industries like pressure vessels, economizers, and Air preheater manufacturing. Combining these processes to optimize benefits and reduce drawbacks is explored. High-thickness welding, found in nuclear reactor core manufacturing, often uses submerged arc welding, but costly. TIG–MIG welding is proposed for 10–40 mm SS316L plates, reducing costs with maintained strength. Design of Experiment is used to vary control parameters. Present article research on SS316L up to 12 mm thick revealed that the following settings would yield the best tensile strength and hardness: 170 A for the welding current, 3 mm for the filler wire diameter, and 14 L/min for the gas flow rate. Values from the experiment and prediction were nearly identical.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 5","pages":"1005 - 1011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Welded I-Girder of the Single-Beam Bridge Cranes","authors":"Goran V. Pavlović,&nbsp;Nebojša B. Zdravković,&nbsp;Goran Đ. Marković,&nbsp;Mile M. Savković,&nbsp;Radovan R. Bulatović","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00871-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00871-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research deals with optimizing the welded I-girder of the single-beam bridge as a variant solution for this type of crane. The mass optimization is achieved by minimization of the welded I-girder cross-section area. The paper takes the following criteria as the constraint functions: strength, local stresses from the trolley wheel pressure, local buckling of the girder plates, global girder stability, deflection, relaxation time and the corresponding design-technological limitations. The hybridization of two new-generation metaheuristic algorithms, the Sine Cosine Algorithm and the Whale Optimization Algorithm, and original algorithms were used for the optimization procedures. The justification for applying these methods in solving practical engineering problems was confirmed by comparing the results with real solutions. As a result, significant material savings were achieved in this research, within the range of 39.52–51.92%. Also, comparing the results indicates the justification and advantages of the proposed hybridization procedure to the mentioned algorithms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 4","pages":"969 - 985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Parametric Investigation on Ultra-low Cycle Fatigue Damage of Steel Bridge Piers Under Horizontal Bi-directional Seismic Excitations","authors":"Cheng Cheng,&nbsp;Xu Xie,&nbsp;Mingming Yu","doi":"10.1007/s13296-024-00873-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13296-024-00873-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultra-low cycle fatigue (ULCF) damage is one of the main failure modes of steel bridge piers when subjected to severe earthquake. However, existing experimental and numerical studies aiming at ULCF damage of steel piers almost adopt the uniaxial loading strategy, which is different from the real seismic motion. To make up for this problem, the ULCF behavior of steel piers under horizontal bidirectional cyclic loads was investigated in this paper. A two-level zooming analytical system was presented first to save computational cost of the ULCF assessment of steel piers. Its applicability and cost-efficiency were numerically and experimentally verified through detailed elaboration. And based on this, a series of numerical work of piers under horizontal bi-directional and unidirectional cyclic loads were carried out. The relationship between the ductile durability and pier parameters was studied with the help of a micro-damage mechanism-based ULCF assessment method and an energy assumption-based evaluation index. Results showed that compared with the unidirectional loads, bi-directional loads could bring about significant deterioration in the ULCF resistance of piers. The relative ductility capacity of steel piers under bi-directional cyclic loads is approximately consistent as width-to-thickness ratio and slenderness ratio change, and enhances as axial compression ratio increases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":596,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Steel Structures","volume":"24 6","pages":"1322 - 1335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}