The Journal of Physical Chemistry 最新文献

{"title":"Association of Genetic Liability to Psychotic Experiences With Neuropsychotic Disorders and Traits.","authors":"Sophie E Legge, Hannah J Jones, Kimberley M Kendall, Antonio F Pardiñas, Georgina Menzies, Matthew Bracher-Smith, Valentina Escott-Price, Elliott Rees, Katrina A S Davis, Matthew Hotopf, Jeanne E Savage, Danielle Posthuma, Peter Holmans, George Kirov, Michael J Owen, Michael C O'Donovan, Stanley Zammit, James T R Walters","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2508","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Psychotic experiences, such as hallucinations and delusions, are reported by approximately 5% to 10% of the general population, although only a small proportion develop psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. Studying the genetic causes of psychotic experiences in the general population, and its association with the genetic causes of other disorders, may increase the understanding of their pathologic significance.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether genetic liability to psychotic experiences is shared with schizophrenia and/or other neuropsychiatric disorders and traits and to identify genetic loci associated with psychotic experiences.</p><p><strong>Design, setting and participants: </strong>Analyses of genetic correlation, polygenic risk scores, and copy number variation were performed using data from participants in the UK Biobank from April 1, 2018, to March 20, 2019, to assess whether genetic liability to psychotic experiences is shared with schizophrenia and/or other neuropsychiatric disorders and traits. Genome-wide association studies of psychotic experience phenotypes were conducted to identify novel genetic loci. Participants in the final analyses after exclusions included 6123 individuals reporting any psychotic experience, 2143 individuals reporting distressing psychotic experiences, and 3337 individuals reporting multiple occurrences of psychotic experiences. A total of 121 843 individuals who did not report a psychotic experience formed the comparator group. Individuals with a psychotic disorder were excluded from all analyses.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Genetic associations with psychotic experience phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 127 966 participants (56.0% women and 44.0% men; mean [SD] age, 64.0 [7.6] years). Psychotic experiences were genetically correlated with major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Analyses of polygenic risk scores identified associations between psychotic experiences and genetic liability for major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Individuals reporting psychotic experiences had an increased burden of copy number variations previously associated with schizophrenia (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% CI, 1.39-2.98; P = 2.49 × 10-4) and neurodevelopmental disorders more widely (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.24-2.48; P = 1.41 × 10-3). Genome-wide association studies identified 4 significantly associated loci, including a locus in Ankyrin-3 (ANK3 [GenBank NM_020987]) (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10-1.23; P = 3.06 × 10-8) with any psychotic experience, and a locus in cannabinoid receptor 2 gene (CNR2 [GenBank NM_001841]) (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78; P = 3.78 × 10-8) with distressing psychotic experiences. The genome-wide association study of any psychotic","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"3 8","pages":"1256-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":25.8,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6764002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50624619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Danger of Testing by Selecting Controlled Subsets, with Applications to Spoken-Word Recognition.","authors":"David Liben-Nowell, Julia Strand, Alexa Sharp, Tom Wexler, Kevin Woods","doi":"10.5334/joc.51","DOIUrl":"10.5334/joc.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When examining the effects of a continuous variable <i>x</i> on an outcome <i>y</i>, a researcher might choose to dichotomize on <i>x</i>, dividing the population into two sets-low <i>x</i> and high <i>x</i>-and testing whether these two subpopulations differ with respect to <i>y</i>. Dichotomization has long been known to incur a cost in statistical power, but there remain circumstances in which it is appealing: an experimenter might use it to control for confounding covariates through subset selection, by carefully choosing a subpopulation of Low and a corresponding subpopulation of High that are balanced with respect to a list of control variables, and then comparing the subpopulations' <i>y</i> values. This \"divide, select, and test\" approach is used in many papers throughout the psycholinguistics literature, and elsewhere. Here we show that, despite the apparent innocuousness, these methodological choices can lead to erroneous results, in two ways. First, if the balanced subsets of Low and High are selected in certain ways, it is possible to conclude a relationship between <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> not present in the full population. Specifically, we show that previously published conclusions drawn from this methodology-about the effect of a particular lexical property on spoken-word recognition-do not in fact appear to hold. Second, if the balanced subsets of Low and High are selected randomly, this methodology frequently fails to show a relationship between <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> that is present in the full population. Our work uncovers a new facet of an ongoing research effort: to identify and reveal the implicit freedoms of experimental design that can lead to false conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"79 13","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6634384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41249961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Circular Dichroism of Substoichiometric Molybdenum Oxide (MoO₃–ₓ) Nanoarchitectures with Polaronic Defects","authors":"Taisei Kimura, H. Yao","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03225.s001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03225.s001","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) is demonstrated for the first time in substoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoO₃–ₓ) nanoarchitectures to explore the origin of their near-IR (NIR) transitions. Various nanostructures of MoO₃–ₓ are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process using an ionic Mo(VI) or metallic Mo(0) precursor. The phase, morphology, and spectroscopic properties of the obtained nanostructures are dependent both on the reaction temperature and the molybdenum precursor. In particular, hexagonal MoO₃–ₓ nanostructures are colored blue with different degrees. To better understand the nature of the electronic states in these nanomaterials, MCD spectroscopy is conducted. A derivative-like MCD response is detected in the vis-NIR region, but it is not attributed to surface magnetoplasmonic modes because of the absence of the peak-energy shift with the increasing refractive index of the dispersion medium. Then, the bisignate MCD signal can be attributed to Faraday B-terms for small-polaronic transitions, arising from two interacting polaronic states close in energy that would give opposite signs under an applied magnetic field. We believe that MCD evaluation for polaronic nanomaterials will expand promising new applications in fields such as semiconductor-based nanophotonics and magneto-optical devices.","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.781,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79809701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of Contact Metals on the Performances of MoS₂ Devices under Strains","authors":"Sian-Hong Tseng, Hung-Yi Chen, W. Hsu, Hsiang-Chen Wang, Yuan-Yao Li, Wen‐Hao Chang, Ming-Pei Lu, M. Lu","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b09028.s001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b09028.s001","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of large-area MoS₂ films was achieved through atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition via vapor management in this study. The thickness of the MoS₂ film changed upon varying the amount of vapor deposited on the substrate. Gratifyingly, large-area monolayer MoS₂ was obtained under controlled conditions. Studies using transmission electron microscopy and second harmonic generation confirmed that the MoS₂ films were composed of grains having sizes ranging from 40 to 70 μm. Flexible MoS₂ device arrays were fabricated on a polyimide substrate; the device arrays displayed high spatial uniformity in their carrier transport properties. The contact metals affected the electrical characteristics of the MoS₂ devices under strain; the sensitivity of devices featuring Schottky contacts was higher than that of those with ohmic contacts. Importantly, the device arrays exhibit sensitive and endurance performances under strain cycles of up to 10⁵ times. These results suggest a means for the feasible growth of large-area single-layer MoS₂ films, as well as the exploitation of flexible MoS₂ device arrays in strain and human motion sensor applications.","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.781,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81567272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the White-Emitting CaMoO₄ Co-Doped Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, and Tm³⁺ Phosphor through Experiment and Computation","authors":"R. L. Tranquilin, L. Lovisa, C. R. Almeida, C. A. Paskocimas, M. Li, M. C. Oliveira, L. Gracia, J. Andrés, E. Longo, F. Motta, M. Bomio","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b04123.s001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b04123.s001","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the synthesis by means of the spray pyrolysis method, of the CaMoO₄ and rare-earth cation (RE³⁺)-doped CaMoO₄:xRE³⁺ (RE³⁺ = Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺, and Tm³⁺; and x = 1, 2, and 4% mol) compounds, is presented. The as-synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. To complement and rationalize the experimental results, first-principles calculations, at the density functional theory level, have been performed to analyze the band structure and density of states. In addition, a theoretical method based on the calculations of surface energies and Wulff construction was applied to obtain the morphology transformation of the CaMoO₄ and CaMoO₄:RE³⁺ microstructures. The experimental morphologies can be observed in the FE-SEM images. The PL behavior of the Co-doped samples exhibited well-defined bands in the visible region. The samples with 2 and 4% of RE³⁺ released white emission according to the chromaticity coordinates (0.34, 0.34) and (0.34, 0.33), respectively. The present results provide not only a deep understanding of the structure–property relationships of CaMoO₄-based phosphor but also can be employed as a guideline for the design of the electronic structure of the materials and the fabrication of photofunctional materials with optimal properties, which allows for the modeling of new phosphors for applications in solid-state lighting.","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.781,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88491801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Room-Temperature Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Single-Layer CrP₂S₆","authors":"Pei Zhao, Yandong Ma, Hao Wang, Baibiao Huang, Ying Dai","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b04888.s001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b04888.s001","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is a fascinating quantum phenomenon characterized by a nonzero Chern number defined in the bulk and chiral edge states in the boundary. Up to now, only one magnetically doped topological insulator, suffering from a small bulk band gap, is confirmed to host the QAH effect experimentally. Here, through first-principles calculations, we propose a novel QAH insulator in single-layer (SL) CrP₂S₆. The nontrivial topology in SL CrP₂S₆, identified with the nonzero Chern number (C = −1) and chiral edge states, harbors a nontrivial band gap of 53 meV. Meanwhile, using Monte Carlo simulations, the Curie temperature Tc for its ferromagnetic order is estimated to be 350 K, which is above room temperature and comparable with most of the previously reported two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductors. Our findings thus present a feasible platform for achieving the QAH effect at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.781,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84552273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PET Imaging for Initial Staging and Therapy Assessment in Multiple Myeloma Patients.","authors":"Clément Bailly, Rodolphe Leforestier, Bastien Jamet, Thomas Carlier, Mickael Bourgeois, François Guérard, Cyrille Touzeau, Philippe Moreau, Michel Chérel, Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré, Caroline Bodet-Milin","doi":"10.3390/ijms18020445","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ijms18020445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological neoplasm characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM results in diffuse or focal bone infiltration and extramedullary lesions. Over the past two decades, advances have been made with regard to the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and imaging of MM. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are currently recommended as the most effective imaging modalities at diagnostic. Yet, recent data from the literature suggest that positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) using ¹⁸F-deoxyglucose (FDG) is a promising technique for initial staging and therapeutic monitoring in this pathology. This paper reviews the recent advances as well as the potential place of a more specific radiopharmaceutical in MM.</p>","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"33 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5343979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41250245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotype and multipotency of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) amniotic stem cells.","authors":"Jéssica Borghesi, Lara Carolina Mario, Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira, Maria Angélica Miglino, Phelipe Oliveira Favaron","doi":"10.1186/s13287-016-0468-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13287-016-0468-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stem cells are capable of unlimited self-renewal and are able to remain undifferentiated for extended periods of time prior to their differentiation into specific cell lineages. Because of the issues (ethical and religious) involved in the use of embryonic stem cells and the limited plasticity of adult stem cells, an alternative cell source could be foetal stem cells derived from extra-embryonic tissue, which are highly proliferative, grow in vitro and possess interesting immunogenic characteristics. As a result, the amniotic membrane of several species has been studied as an important new source of stem cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we cultured and characterized mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from the rabbit amniotic membrane, and investigated their differentiation potential. In total, amniotic membranes were collected from eight rabbit foetuses and were isolated by the explant technique. The obtained cells were cultured in DMEM-HIGH glucose and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO₂.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cells adhered to the culture plates and showed a high proliferative capacity with fibroblast-like morphologies. The cells showed a positive response for markers for the cytoskeleton, mesenchymal stem cells and proliferation, pluripotency and haematopoietic precursor stem cells. However, the cells were negative for CD45, a marker of haematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the cells had the capacity to be induced to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. In addition, when the cells were injected into nude mice, we did not observe the formation of tumours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, our results demonstrate that multipotent mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from the rabbit amniotic membrane for possible use in future cell therapy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"100 30","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2017-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5297200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72375022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Terahertz (THz) Fluctuations in the Allosteric Properties of the PDZ Domains","authors":"Conti Nibali, Valéria, Morra, Giulia, Havenith, Martina, Colombo, Giorgio","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06590.s001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06590.s001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.781,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74897009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the Understanding of the Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine and Tobacco Exposure on the Developing Brain.","authors":"Annerine Roos, Kirsten Ann Donald","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2845","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2845","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":58,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry ","volume":"35 1","pages":"1228-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":25.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2845","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50624385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}