Inorganic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Biological Fluids and Animal Hair for Beta‑Adrenergic Agonists Using Chromatography‑Mass Spectrometry","authors":"A. V. Sorokin,&nbsp;A. E. Zhedulov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700573","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To monitor the elimination of beta-adrenergic agonists used to accelerate muscle growth in livestock farming, a method has been developed for the chromatograph mass spectrometric determination of 20 compounds of this series in urine and blood, as well as 12 compounds in cattle hair samples. Sample preparation for cattle urine samples included enzymatic hydrolysis in a phosphate buffer solution and purification by solid-phase extraction using Copure C8/SCX sorbent. From blood samples, the analytes were extracted with acetonitrile in the presence of acetic acid; salting out and dispersive purification of extract were performed using C₁₈ and alumina. Hair samples were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, the analytes were extracted with methyl tert-butyl ether, then converted to acetonitrile, and the extract was subjected to dispersive purification. Total losses of beta-adrenergic agonists during sample preparation ranged from 27 to 85% for blood samples and from 2 to 80% for urine samples, depending on the assay. Chromatographic separation was performed in gradient mode on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS C₁₈ column. Detection was performed in selected reaction monitoring mode, recording at least two product ions for each analyte. Beta-adrenergic agonist detection ranges: in urine: 0.25 to 20.0 μg/kg; in blood: 0.1 to 10.0 μg/kg; in hair: 0.5 to 20.0 μg/kg (depending on the assay). Relative expanded uncertainty values for urine and blood analysis range from 9 to 25%, and for hair, from 9 to 30%.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":"67 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Using the QuEChERS Technique","authors":"S. K. Ovsepyan,&nbsp;Z. A. Temerdashev,&nbsp;T. G. Tsyupko","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700585","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700585","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method for the determination of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and sediments has been developed, combining the QuEChERS technique of analyte extraction with subsequent determination by HPLC with fluorescence and diode array detection (FLD/DAD). The limits of HPLC-FLD/DAD quantification of analytes were established, which amounted to 0.015–1.0 μg/kg while recoveries were 80–100%. The relative standard deviations of the repeatability and reproducibility of the PAHs determination method ranged from 1.5 to 10 and from 2.3 to 12%, respectively. The metrological characteristics of the proposed approach were compared with the corresponding values for the PAHs determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry also in combination with the QuEChERS technique: the quantification limits of a number of PAHs have been reduced by two orders of magnitude. An optimized scheme for the determination of PAHs in soils has been tested in the analysis sand samples collected on the Black Sea coast after the emergency flooding of fuel oil tankers. PAHs of various molecular weights were identified: 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene were predominant among the light PAHs, while the heavy PAHs were primarily represented by triphenylene, chrysene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene. The total content of certain PAHs in the sand samples did not exceed 10 μg/kg, close to the level of background pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niobium and Tantalum Speciation by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using a Spectroscan MAX-GVM Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometer","authors":"T. F. Akhmetzhanov,&nbsp;G. E. Marina,&nbsp;L. Yu. Mezhevaja,&nbsp;M. N. Filippov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700597","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examine the feasibility of determining tantalum and niobium speciation in various materials (Ta and Nb metals, TaH, NbH, Ta₂O₅, and Nb₂O₅) using intensity ratios of characteristic X-ray lines of these elements. In our experiments, we used a Spectroscan MAX-GVM series-produced medium-resolution X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. To calculate relative integrated intensities, we use the tantalum and niobium <i>L</i>-series lines in the ranges 1000–1450 and 5000–5400 mÅ, respectively. Since differences in the intensity ratio of characteristic X-ray lines are relatively small for different element speciations, special attention is paid to the spectrum processing procedure for obtaining smoothed intensities of lines in the spectral ranges of interest. The proposed approach allows one to distinguish all three Ta compounds according to the intensity of the Ta <i>L</i>β_5,7 line profile after data processing and normalization to the intensity of the Ta <i>L</i>β₁ line. In the case of niobium, we were able to distinguish its oxide from the individual metal using the intensity ratio of the Nb <i>L</i>γ₁ and Nb <i>L</i>β_3,4 lines, but we failed to distinguish the metal from its hydride in this manner. The proposed method of measuring spectra is compatible with the one used in the standard X-ray fluorescence analysis scheme, which, in principle, allows one to determine the elemental composition and analyte speciation in one experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":"90 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Properties of Experimental Iron-Aluminum Alloys","authors":"S. G. Zhilin,&nbsp;V. V. Predein,&nbsp;V. A. Khudyakova,&nbsp;N. A. Bogdanova","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700779","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700779","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intermetallide iron-aluminum alloys are used primarily as wear- and corrosion-resistant coatings intended for use in chemically aggressive environments or at elevated temperatures. At the same time, the alloys are characterized by brittleness at normal temperatures, uneven structure and properties of the contact zone of the intermetallide material with the base. The results of a study of the properties of experimental iron-aluminum alloys are presented in this article. The influence of the initial composition of thermite charges on the parameters of the aluminothermal remelting process, the properties of cast samples, and their stress-strain state under uniaxial loading are analyzed. Methods for etching microsections of the alloys are determined depending on aluminum content in them, which is from 7.35 to 58.5 wt %. It is established that samples obtained from thermite charges with an active aluminum content of up to 45 wt % have high resistance to compressive loads. The obtained results can be used to solve the problems of recycling technogenic formations (slags, shavings of non-ferrous metals, etc.) and forming functional surfaces and cast products from them while maintaining their performance characteristics under normal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 2","pages":"221 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User Profiling in Developing Research Supporting Systems","authors":"N. A. Nazarov,&nbsp;V. O. Tolcheev","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700652","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700652","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An overview is provided to the modern research supporting systems (RSS) that improve the efficiency of researchers through timely accessing relevant publications. The focus is placed on applying RSS in the rapidly changing subject areas, specifically in computer science. The main approach to set up RSS is outlined, noting that the key issue in RSS development deals with personalized information search and analysis. One of the main ways to implement a personal approach is to build a user profile (UP). Various technologies are used for this purpose. We demonstrate the advantages of user profiling based on keywords (KW): unigrams, bigrams, trigrams, and <i>n</i>-grams. This approach allows developing a reliable text fingerprint followed by obtaining a compressed semantic core. Key words are most effective to describe documents. They are well suited to analyze bibliographic descriptions of scientific papers that include titles, abstracts, and other supporting sections. We formalized the following aspects: extracting KW from scientific documents, systematizing methods to find KW, and justifying the choice of the neural network model KeyBERT for RSS application. The high versatility of KeyBERT and its effectiveness to compile KW in short scientific texts is confirmed. An algorithm implementing KeyBERT is explained (embedding vectors based on the RoBERTa model). To demonstrate the potential of the developed RSS (particularly in domain of user profiling and updating UP) we carried out a research using an UIT-2024 sample. The sample was obtained at the Department of Control and Intelligent Technologies of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. It comprised as many as 10 000 documents on ten topics in computer science. After additional learning, the KeyBERT algorithm is capable of extracting informative KW from the sample and automatically generating an expanded list of one-word and multi-word descriptors to assist profiling area specialists and fine-tuning the profile obtained. This approach improves the credibility of the RSS recommendations. The potential applications of the approach proposed are examined in detail using practical examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":"133 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Anomalous Distributions of Corrosion Defects Along the Length of a Main Gas Pipeline","authors":"V. F. Novikov,&nbsp;K. R. Muratov,&nbsp;V. P. Ustinov,&nbsp;R. A. Sokolov,&nbsp;A. M. Chekhunova","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700718","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700718","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When assessing the performance of interfield gas pipelines in frozen soil areas, among other things, the effectiveness of their electrochemical protection (ECP) is also analyzed. The results of a study of anomalies in the ECP of underground pipelines operating in frozen soil conditions are presented in this article. Methods of computer mathematical simulation are used, and laboratory experiments are carried out using a testing setup. Using computer simulation, key factors contributing to the acceleration of corrosion processes are identified: the formation of water layer around the pipeline during soil freezing and the shielding of the protective ECP potential, which leads to a local increase in the corrosion rate. It is experimentally confirmed that at temperatures of gas being transported above 0°C and in the presence of frozen soil, the ECP loses its efficiency due to a disruption in the potential distribution. It is shown that the use of an auxiliary anode increases the homogeneity of the protective potential and eliminates the shielding effect of frozen soil. The obtained results can be used to optimize the ECP system in the cryolithozone to reduce the risk of emergency situations in pipeline transport.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 2","pages":"180 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Properties of a Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Billet Produced by Hot Isostatic Pressing","authors":"A. A. Khlybov,&nbsp;D. A. Ryabov,&nbsp;D. D. Bakirov,&nbsp;S. N. Pichkov","doi":"10.1134/S002016852670072X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002016852670072X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One promising and widely used powder metallurgy method is hot isostatic pressing (HIP), which allows one to produce dense, pore-free billets from metallic powders with enhanced mechanical characteristics. At the same time, the nonuniform temperature and pressure distributions in going from the peripheral parts of the billet to its center in the HIP process lead to the formation of a nonuniform structure, which can have a negative effect on subsequent service of finished articles. In this paper, we report our results on the structure and properties of a Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy billet produced by the HIP process. We present microstructural analysis data and analyze the microhardness, density, and porosity distributions across the specimen studied. The structure of the material formed during the HIP process is shown to be nonuniform, and its properties vary in going from the periphery of the specimen to its center (its microhardness and porosity increase, whereas its density decreases). The nonuniform mechanical properties of the material are shown to be due to a gradient in the volume fraction of the β-phase: ~20% in the material of the peripheral part of the billet and 28% in its central part. The results of this study can be used in assessing the quality of HIPped Ti–6Al–4V alloy billets and in constructing calculational models for industrial HIP processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 2","pages":"187 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Beverages and Bacterial Growth Medium by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Using Zwitterionic Stationary Phases","authors":"A. V. Chernobrovkina,&nbsp;D. S. Kryzhanovskaya,&nbsp;A. S. Uzhel,&nbsp;G. I. Tsizin,&nbsp;O. A. Shpigun","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700494","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Novel sorbents with various zwitterionic fragments in the functional layer structure with varying branching were used to determine organic acids, sugars, nucleosides, and vitamins in various samples. For all studied analyte classes, a decrease in efficiency was observed with an increase in sorbent functional layer. Therefore, a less branched stationary phase, obtained using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether and glycine, was used to determine nucleosides and nitrogenous bases in bacterial nutrient media. For water-soluble vitamins, the complete resolution of thiamine and nicotinamide was achieved using a sorbent with a more branched layer containing taurine in its core. It was found that the decrease in efficiency with an increase in layer branching is compensated for by an increase in the strength and number of zwitterion acid groups in the stationary phase structure for organic acids. As a result, a sorbent with taurine and iminodiacetic acid in the branched layer structure, with the best separation capacity, exceeding that of known phases, was selected for the determination of organic acids in various beverages. The use of taurine in the hyperbranched layer also improved selectivity and increased efficiency for carbohydrates. As a result, a sorbent with glycine in the inner layer and taurine in the outer layer was used for the rapid determination of carbohydrates in sweet drinks. Analytes were identified by comparing their retention times with the retention times of peaks in standard solutions. The calibration curve range was selected based on the expected concentrations in the analyzed samples, as well as the solubility of analytes in the aqueous-organic mobile phase. The accuracy of results was confirmed using the “introduced and found” method. Concentrations of compounds of various classes in the analyzed samples, obtained using the novel stationary phases, correspond to those declared by the manufacturers.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin-Film Nanocomposite Sensor Materials","authors":"R. B. Salikhov,&nbsp;M. V. Bazunova,&nbsp;T. R. Salikhov,&nbsp;I. N. Mullagaliev,&nbsp;I. N. Safargalin,&nbsp;A. D. Ostaltsova","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700767","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700767","url":null,"abstract":"<p>At present, there is a growing need for environmental monitoring and industrial safety, which gives rise to a demand for economically viable, selective, and stable sensor systems capable of rapidly detecting even low concentrations of toxic components. In this paper, we present results of a study of thin-film sensor materials based on biopolymer matrices produced from polysaccharides modified with AgI nanoparticles. The materials are intended for highly sensitive detection of ammonia in air. We analyze relationships between the structural and morphological characteristics of the composite films containing AgI nanoparticles and their functional sensing properties for ammonia gas detection. Special attention is paid to sensor response mechanisms and the effect of surface morphology on the sensitivity of the material. Atomic force microscopy results and electrical measurements demonstrate that the addition of AgI nanoparticles leads to significant modification of the film surface: the formation of high surface roughness, nanoparticle agglomerates (50 to 200 nm in size), and a porous structure and an increase in specific surface area (the roughness value increases by three to five times). Such morphological changes have been shown to significantly improve the ammonia sensitivity of the material as a result of the increase in the area of active adsorption centers. The ability to detect ammonia is due to a reversible complexation reaction between Ag⁺ ions and NH₃ molecules, which leads to changes in the conductivity of the composite. The sensor has been shown to have excellent dynamic characteristics (the response time does not exceed 8 s at a NH₃ concentration of 50 ppm and the recovery time is about 30 s). Moreover, the materials produced in this study offer selectivity for ammonia in the presence of potential interferents (CO₂, H₂O, and volatile organic compounds). The results of this study can be useful in designing a new generation of gas sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 2","pages":"215 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Sample Size","authors":"A. I. Orlov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168526700664","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168526700664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is often required to determine the sample size before engaging into studies. The rules for finding the required sample size are discussed by experts in sufficient detail both in fundamental domain, in engineering, economics and management, medicine, sociology, etc. At the same time sometimes only specific formulations of the problem are addressed lacking the substantiation of required sample size. Without solid ground these estimates can be erroneous. We examine the issue of applying the methods to calculate the required sample size available today and justify the corresponding algorithms from the standpoint of modern applied mathematical statistics. As many as four approaches are considered. The first model has the sample size determined using available resources (material, financial, personnel, etc.) that are sufficient to obtain the sample data (measurements, observations, analyses, experiments, tests, and surveys). The second method explores the issue of estimating the theoretical parameters of a random variable. The required sample size is determined through the specified estimation accuracy which implies the mean half-width of the confidence interval. The third approach is based on the theory of statistical hypothesis testing. Under this we mean selecting from the null and alternative hypotheses based on the level of significance and the strength of test criterion. One-sided alternatives are discussed in detail. The fourth technique is developed within the framework of the interval data statistics. It is based on the principle of equating the statistical and metrology errors. Based on the known accuracy of the initial measurements, we determine the rational sample size, which is considered sufficient under existing conditions. We analyze the rules to calculate the required sample size to estimate probabilities and mathematical expectations as basic examples. Limit theorems of probability theory and mathematical statistic tools are used as a base. It is promising to explore the rate of convergence in the obtained asymptotic expressions and consider the finite sample sizes in further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"62 1","pages":"141 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}