Inorganic Materials最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Crystallite Size on the Magnetic Properties of GaSb/MnSb Semiconductor/Ferromagnet Composites","authors":"M. Dzhaloliddinzoda,&nbsp;A. I. Ril,&nbsp;A. L. Zheludkevich,&nbsp;M. A. Teplonogova,&nbsp;A. A. Bikteev,&nbsp;S. F. Marenkin","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524701073","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524701073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have studied the effect of crystallite size on the magnetic properties of GaSb–MnSb alloys prepared by the sealed-ampule method. Using the Debye–Scherrer method, optical microscopy, and electron microscopy, we have demonstrated that raising the cooling rate from 0.1 to 60°C/s reduces the crystallite size of MnSb in 59 mol % GaSb + 41 mol % MnSb eutectic alloy and 30 mol % GaSb + 70 mol % MnSb hypereutectic alloy by a factor of ~10. The decrease in crystallite size is larger in the case of the eutectic composition. The crystallite size of MnSb has been shown to determine the magnetic properties of the alloys. The alloys are ferromagnets and reducing their crystallite size changes the behavior of their magnetoresistance and raises their Curie temperature. The eutectic material obtained at a cooling rate of 60°C/s has a negative magnetoresistance, which attests to spin polarization in the alloy. The corresponding saturation field is 0.13 T. The electrical resistance of the alloys is a linear function of temperature both in the absence of a field and in a magnetic field. The composites obtained at the higher cooling rate have a more uniform distribution of their constituent phases, which is important for application of such materials in the fabrication of spin-polarized granular structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 7","pages":"815 - 821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Issues of the Fuzzy Set Theory (Generalizing Article)","authors":"A. I. Orlov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700572","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700572","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The theory of fuzziness is an important area of modern theoretical and applied mathematics. The methodology of the theory of fuzziness is a doctrine of organizing activities in the field of development and application of the scientific results of this theory. We discuss some methodological issues of the theory of fuzziness, i.e., individual components of the methodology in the area under consideration. The theory of fuzziness is a science of pragmatic (fuzzy) numbers and sets. Ancient Greek philosopher Eubulides showed that the concepts of “Heap” and “Bald” cannot be described using natural numbers. E. Borel proposed to define a fuzzy set using a membership function. A fundamentally important step was taken by L.A. Zadeh in 1965. He gave the basic definitions of the algebra of fuzzy sets and introduced the operations of intersection, product, union, sum, and negation of fuzzy sets. The main thing he did was demonstration of the possibilities of expanding (“doubling”) mathematics: by replacing the numbers and sets used in mathematics with their fuzzy counterparts, we obtain new mathematical formulations. In the statistics of nonnumerical data, methods of statistical analysis of fuzzy sets have been developed. Specific types of membership functions are often used— interval and triangular fuzzy numbers. The theory of fuzzy sets in a certain sense is reduced to the theory of random sets. We think fuzzy and that is the only reason we understand each other. The paradox of the fuzzy theory is that it is impossible to consistently implement the thesis “everything in the world is fuzzy.” For ordinary fuzzy sets, the argument and values of the membership function are crisp. If they are replaced by fuzzy analogs, then their description will require their own clear arguments and membership functions, and so on ad infinitum. System fuzzy interval mathematics proceeds from the need to take into account the fuzziness of the initial data and the prerequisites of the mathematical model. One of the options for its practical implementation is an automated system-cognitive analysis and Eidos intellectual system.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 4","pages":"389 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and Properties of TixMo1–xCyNz Interstitial Alloys","authors":"I. Khidirov,&nbsp;I. J. Jaksimuratov,&nbsp;F. K. Khallokov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700663","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of the crystal structure and properties of multicomponent interstitial alloys helps obtain new materials with improved properties. In this paper, we report a study of the crystal structure and microhardness of bulk samples of Ti_<i>x</i>Mo_1–<i>x</i>C_<i>y</i>N_<i>z</i> interstitial alloys differing in concentrations of their constituent elements. Samples were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and homogenized by annealing at 2600 K for 8 h, followed by furnace-cooling. According to neutron diffraction data, the alloys have a face-centered cubic crystal structure in which the Ti and Mo atoms substitute for each other and occupy position 4<i>b</i> at random, and the C and N atoms also substitute for each other and occupy octahedral position 4<i>a</i>. Using X-ray diffraction data, we determined the crystallite size, dislocation density, and lattice strain in the alloys by the Rietveld method. The microhardness of the samples was determined by the Vickers method. The crystallite sizes determined by the Williamson–Hall method and using the Scherrer formula were found to differ significantly, but in both cases the crystallite size, dislocation density, and lattice strain increase with increasing component concentration in the composition of the alloys. With increasing carbon content, the crystallite size and lattice strain of the alloys decrease, whereas the dislocation density rises. With decreasing crystallite size and increasing dislocation density, the microhardness of the alloys shifts to higher carbon content. As the crystallite size and lattice strain decrease and the dislocation density rises in response to changes in the composition of the Ti_<i>x</i>Mo_1–<i>x</i>C_<i>y</i>N_<i>z</i> alloys, their microhardness rises by a factor of 1.5–2 in comparison with binary titanium carbide and nitride. The present results can be helpful for application of interstitial alloys in tool making and high-temperature engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 4","pages":"425 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue Fracture of 316L Steel Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting","authors":"L. R. Botvina,&nbsp;E. N. Belecky,&nbsp;Yu. A. Demina,&nbsp;I. A. Ivanov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700596","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have studied the kinetics of small cracks in 316L steel specimens produced by selective laser melting and demonstrated structural sensitivity of such cracks forming at process-induced defects in the early stage of fatigue. They propagate predominantly along fusion boundaries, and their growth rate is lower at melt pool boundaries. An increase in the opening of arrested cracks leads to the formation of a plastic zone at their tips and deformation localization, followed by a decrease in crack opening and further growth as the number of cycles increases. Alternation of small crack arrest and growth reflects in the kinetic diagram of fatigue fracture, which has growth rate thresholds with the spacing between them approaching the scan step in the steel preparation process. The diagram can be described by Paris’s equation with identical exponents for the growth of short and long cracks. The fatigue curve we constructed was compared to fatigue curves of 316L steel produced by a conventional and an additive method. We demonstrate that, like fatigue curves reported for 316L steel in the literature, the curve we plotted lies far below the fatigue curve of the steel produced by a conventional process. At the same time, optimization of specimen preparation conditions and subsequent heat treatment make fatigue characteristics of the “additive” steel more similar to those of steel produced by a conventional process. We have studied macro- and microrelief of fracture surfaces of specimens, identified stable and accelerated crack propagation stages, evaluated crack lengths corresponding to these stages on fracture surfaces, and described predominant fracture mechanisms in each stage. The observed knee point in the fatigue curve of the steel was shown to be accompanied by an increase in damage to the lateral surface of the specimens with increasing stress amplitude and a transition to a more ductile fracture surface microrelief, which can be accounted for by a change from a plane strain state to a plane stress state of the material of the specimen at the macrocrack tip.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 4","pages":"536 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the Degree of Distillation and Temperature on the Effective Separation Factor","authors":"A. I. Kravchenko,&nbsp;A. I. Zhukov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700833","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700833","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We demonstrate the feasibility of constructing the dependence of the effective separation factor β on the degree of distillation (<i>g</i>) and temperature (at known values of the vapor pressure of the substance being evaporated, the Peclet number at its melting point, the activation energy for impurity diffusion, and the initial separation factor β₀) via construction of the dependence of condensate purity on <i>g</i> at a given β₀ and Peclet numbers corresponding to a series of temperatures under consideration. We present calculation of such a dependence for a beryllium-based model material as an example and examine its typical features.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 5","pages":"631 - 635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanopowders and Ionic Conductivity of Nanoceramics of the (Pb0.67Cd0.33)0.825Sr0.175F2 Fluorite Solid Solution","authors":"N. I. Sorokin,&nbsp;N. A. Ivanovskaya,&nbsp;I. I. Buchinskaya","doi":"10.1134/S002016852470078X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002016852470078X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We have studied structural and ion-conducting properties of a nanoceramic (Pb_0.67Cd_0.33)_0.825Sr_0.175F₂ solid solution (CaF₂ structure, sp. gr. <span>(Fmbar {3}m)</span>). Nanocrystalline powders were prepared by mechanochemical synthesis using two types of starting mixtures. One mixture was prepared using melted PbF₂, CdF₂, and SrF₂ individual fluorides, and the other, using a prefused Pb_0.67Cd_0.33F₂ solid solution and SrF₂. The way in which the starting mixture was prepared was found to have no effect on the formation and properties of the ternary solid solution. The lattice parameter of the (Pb_0.67Cd_0.33)_0.825Sr_0.175F₂ solid solution was determined to be <i>a</i> = 5.778 and 5.772 Å in the case of the former and latter starting mixtures, respectively. Using X-ray diffraction data, the average crystallite size of the nanopowders was estimated at several tens of nanometers. Nanoceramics were prepared by cold-pressing the powders. Their density was 80% of the X-ray density of the solid solution (6.89 g/cm³). Annealing at 500°C for 2 h increased the density of the ceramics to 90%. The ionic conductivity σ_dc of the as-prepared and annealed nanoceramics was determined to be 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ and 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm, respectively. The σ_dc of the annealed nanoceramic is 20% lower than that of a single crystal with the same composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 5","pages":"646 - 655"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of the Thermophysical Properties of Molding Materials by Solving the Inverse Heat Conduction Problem","authors":"V. V. Petukhova,&nbsp;O. M. Ogorodnikova","doi":"10.1134/S002016852470064X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S002016852470064X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The need to study the thermophysical properties of molding materials for foundry production using mathematical and computer methods is due to the rapid change in the binding components in these materials. The composition and, accordingly, the properties of the molding material, consisting of sand and binders, change when the casting mold is heated after pouring molten metal. The ambiguity of the composition of the sand-based mixture and the many influencing factors are reasons to doubt the suitability of those experimental properties that were obtained by measurements on small standard samples for computer simulation of manufacturing technologies for large-sized castings. The purpose of this work is to develop an algorithm for refining the thermophysical properties of non-metallic materials that are used in casting molds and cores. The refinement of the thermophysical properties as coefficients of the nonlinear heat equation was performed by solving the inverse heat conduction problem using the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The peculiarity of the method is that in iterations it refers to the results of solving the direct heat conduction problem, where the non-stationary temperature field is calculated. The direct problem of nonlinear heat conduction during the solidification of a casting in a sand mold was solved using the LVMFlow program. Real information about the temperature field during the solidification of Al-Si alloy in a sand mold was obtained in a full-scale experiment using thermocouples. The accuracy of temperature measurements by thermocouples was analyzed in relation to the technological processes of sand casting, depending on the dimensions of the casting and the melting temperature of the casting alloy. Thermocouples with chromel-constantan electrodes were recommended for experimental determination of temperature fields in aluminum alloy castings. An algorithm has been developed that changes the thermophysical properties so that the temperature field measured by thermocouples in an experiment on the solidification of a casting in a sand mold becomes equal to the calculated temperatures obtained by simulating the identical casting process in the LVMFlow program. The developed algorithm ensures the correct construction of the Jacobi matrix and is implemented in the SciLab software environment. The approach proposed in this work makes it possible to adjust the computer model of the casting technology according to the thermophysical properties of the mold materials, which leads to a reduction in the development time for technologies and tooling.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 4","pages":"413 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Magnetic Method for Control of the Deformed State of Samples Made of ER308LSI Steel Produced by Additive Growing","authors":"A. A. Khlybov,&nbsp;D. A. Ryabov,&nbsp;A. A. Solovyov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700560","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In modern industry, additive technologies (AT) are being rapidly implemented for the production of materials and products. A significant interest is represented by the Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology, which is due to the relatively low cost of equipment and deposited material, as well as a sufficient level of knowledge regarding welding processes. The growth of metallic layers and the manufacture of volumetric parts of various geometric shapes in this case is achieved through wire deposition. Among the deposited materials for three-dimensional printing, chromium-nickel steels have gained wide popularity. Considering the specifics of complex structural and shape-forming processes during the implementation of WAAM, there arises a need for additional research into the structure and properties of the obtained materials. Therefore, the aim of this work is to apply modern nondestructive testing methods for structural degradation during uniaxial tension of ER308LSI steel produced by the electric arc additive manufacturing method. Metallographic and magnetic studies were conducted, and an analysis of changes in microhardness during the deformation of samples cut along and across the printed layers was performed. The features of the structural degradation stages during uniaxial tension and the corresponding behavior of the magnetic parameters of the material were analyzed. It was established that uniaxial tension of samples manufactured using the WAAM method leads to the formation of a large number of structural defects in the form of deformation bands, discontinuities, and microcracks, the appearance of which is accompanied by significant changes in yield strength, microhardness, and coercive force (<i>H</i>_<i>c</i>). On the basis of the obtained <i>H</i>_<i>c</i> values, a magnetic anisotropy parameter (<i>A</i>_magn) was introduced, reflecting the nature of changes in coercive force in samples cut both along and across the direction of deposition. However, the nature of such changes for longitudinally and transversely cut samples (relative to the deposited layers) differs. The results of this work can be applied to the diagnostic tasks of assessing the deformed state of products obtained using the WAAM technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 4","pages":"528 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Electrode Gas Sensors Based on an In2O3–Graphene Composite","authors":"Yu. S. Haiduk,&nbsp;I. A. Taratyn,&nbsp;A. E. Usenka,&nbsp;D. V. Ivashenko,&nbsp;V. V. Pankov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700870","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Indium oxide–graphene (In₂O₃/Gr) composites (2.0 and 4.0 wt % graphene) have been prepared by sol–gel synthesis and the microstructure and gas-sensing properties of the composites (in the composition of single-electrode ceramic sensors) have been studied. The composites have the form of heterogeneous systems formed by the In₂O₃ phase ranging in crystallite size from 7 to 12 nm and the graphene phase. The microstructure of the composites has been shown to depend on the fabrication process. The In₂O₃/Gr-based sensors have higher sensitivity to reducing (CH₄) and oxidizing (NO₂) gases than do In₂O₃-based sensors and shorter response and recovery times. Possible causes of their better gas sensitivity are the formation of spatially separated positively and negatively charged regions, which leads to electron concentration redistribution in individual phases; the increased defect density in the indium oxide and graphene phases in the composite; and the large specific surface area of graphene.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 5","pages":"620 - 630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion Synthesis of a Composite Material from a Ti + 2B Mixture and 3Ni + Al Composite Particles","authors":"M. A. Ponomarev,&nbsp;V. E. Loryan,&nbsp;N. A. Kochetov","doi":"10.1134/S0020168524700791","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0020168524700791","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Abstract—A porous intermetallic/ceramic interpenetrating phase composite has been produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in samples of the Ni–Al–Ti–B model system. The starting mixture was prepared using composite granules (with the composition 3Ni + Al) produced by mechanical activation and a mixture of titanium and boron powders (with the composition Ti + 2B). The SHS process was run in the combustion regime. Two main chemical reactions occurred in the combustion wave: between aluminum and nickel in the granules and between titanium and boron in the mixture around the granules. Combustion was accompanied by the formation of a porous TiB₂ skeleton around the granules, into which molten nickel aluminides infiltrated from the granules. The solid phase of the SHS product contained interpenetrating fine-grained intermetallic and diboride skeletons. The composite had appreciable porosity on different scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":585,"journal":{"name":"Inorganic Materials","volume":"60 5","pages":"664 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}