Defence Technology(防务技术)最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of the interaction between a shaped charge jet and a single ERA moving plate","authors":"Nicolas Reboul ,&nbsp;Ashwin Chinnayya ,&nbsp;Frédéric Paintendre ,&nbsp;Simon Dalle Piagge ,&nbsp;Vincent Jaulin ,&nbsp;Jérôme Limido ,&nbsp;Anthony Collé ,&nbsp;Fabien Rondot","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An analysis of the interaction mechanisms between a Shaped Charge Jet (SCJ) and a single Moving Plate (MP) is proposed in this article using both experimental and numerical approaches. First, an experimental set-up is presented. Four collision tests have been performed: two tests in Backward Moving Plate (BMP) configuration, where the plate moves in opposition to jet, and two tests in Forward Moving Plate (FMP) configuration, where the plate moves alongside the jet. Based on the virtual origin approximation, a methodology (the Virtual Origin Method, VOM) is developed to extract quantities from the X-ray images, which serve as comparative data. <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mtext>SPH</mtext></mrow></math></span> simulations are carried out to complete the analysis, as they well capture the disturbance dynamics observed in the experiments. Based on these complementary experimental and numerical results, a new physical description is proposed through a detailed analysis of the interaction. It is shown that the SCJ/MP interaction is driven at first order by the contact geometry. Thus, BMP and FMP configurations do not generate the same disturbances because their local flow geometries are different. In the collision point frame of reference, the BMP flows in the same direction as the jet, causing its overall deflection. On the contrary, the FMP flow opposes that of the jet leading to an alternative creation of fragments and ligaments. An in-depth study, using the VOM shows that deflection angles, fragment-ligament creation frequencies, and deflection velocities evolve as the interaction progresses through slower jet elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 126-140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal optimal analytical midcourse guidance for cruise-glide integrated hypersonic vehicles","authors":"Xin Li ,&nbsp;Guangbin Cai ,&nbsp;Hui Xu ,&nbsp;Jianwen Zhu ,&nbsp;Chaoxu Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the longitudinal midcourse guidance problem of a cruise-glide integrated hypersonic vehicle (CGHV), an analytical method based on optimal control theory is proposed. This method constructs a guidance dynamics model for such vehicles, using aerodynamic load as the control variable, and introduces a framework for solving the guidance laws. This framework unifies the design process of guidance laws for both the glide and cruise phases. By decomposing the longitudinal guidance task into position control and velocity control, and minimizing energy consumption as the objective function, the method provides an analytical solution for velocity control load through the calculation of costate variables. This approach requires only the current state and terminal state parameters to determine the guidance law solution. Furthermore, by transforming path constraints into aerodynamic load constraints and solving backwards to obtain the angle of attack, bank angle, and throttle setting, this method ensures a smooth transition from the glide phase to the cruise phase, guaranteeing the successful completion of the guidance task. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method are validated through case simulations and analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 288-303"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage prediction of rear plate in Whipple shields based on machine learning method","authors":"Chenyang Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangbiao Liao ,&nbsp;Lvtan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A typical Whipple shield consists of double-layered plates with a certain gap. The space debris impacts the outer plate and is broken into a debris cloud (shattered, molten, vaporized) with dispersed energy and momentum, which reduces the risk of penetrating the bulkhead. In the realm of hypervelocity impact, strain rate (&gt; 10⁵ s⁻¹) effects are negligible, and fluid dynamics is employed to describe the impact process. Efficient numerical tools for precisely predicting the damage degree can greatly accelerate the design and optimization of advanced protective structures. Current hypervelocity impact research primarily focuses on the interaction between projectile and front plate and the movement of debris cloud. However, the damage mechanism of debris cloud impacts on rear plates - the critical threat component - remains underexplored owing to complex multi-physics processes and prohibitive computational costs. Existing approaches, ranging from semi-empirical equations to a machine learning-based ballistic limit prediction method, are constrained to binary penetration classification. Alternatively, the uneven data from experiments and simulations caused these methods to be ineffective when the projectile has irregular shapes and complicate flight attitude. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new damage prediction method for predicting the rear plate damage, which can help to gain a deeper understanding of the damage mechanism. In this study, a machine learning (ML) method is developed to predict the damage distribution in the rear plate. Based on the unit velocity space, the discretized information of debris cloud and rear plate damage from rare simulation cases is used as input data for training the ML models, while the generalization ability for damage distribution prediction is tested by other simulation cases with different attack angles. The results demonstrate that the training and prediction accuracies using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm significantly surpass those using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The RF-based model effectively identifies damage features in sparsely distributed debris cloud and cumulative effect. This study establishes an expandable new dataset that accommodates additional parameters to improve the prediction accuracy. Results demonstrate the model's ability to overcome data imbalance limitations through debris cloud features, enabling rapid and accurate rear plate damage prediction across wider scenarios with minimal data requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 52-68"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hierarchical simulation framework incorporating full-link physical response for short-range infrared detection","authors":"Mingze Gao ,&nbsp;Lixin Xu ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Shi ,&nbsp;Jiaming Gao ,&nbsp;Yanjiang Wu ,&nbsp;Huimin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Missile-borne short-range infrared detection (SIRD) technology is commonly used in military ground target detection. In complex battlefield environments, achieving precise strike on ground target is a challenging task. However, real battlefield data is limited, and equivalent experiments are costly. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive physical modeling and numerical simulation methods for SIRD. To this end, this study proposes a SIRD simulation framework incorporating full-link physical response, which is integrated through the radiative transfer layer, the sensor response layer, and the model-driven layer. In the radiative transfer layer, a coupled dynamic detection model is established to describe the external optical channel response of the SIRD system by combining the infrared radiation model and the geometric measurement model. In the sensor response layer, considering photoelectric conversion and signal processing, the internal signal response model of the SIRD system is established by a hybrid mode of parametric modeling and analog circuit analysis. In the model-driven layer, a co-simulation application based on a three-dimensional virtual environment is proposed to drive the full-link physical model, and a parallel ray tracing method is employed for real-time synchronous simulation. The proposed simulation framework can provide pixel-level signal output and is verified by the measured data. The evaluation results of the root mean square error (RMSE) and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) show that the simulated data and the measured data achieve good consistency, and the evaluation results of the waveform eigenvalues indicate that the simulated signals exhibit low errors compared to the measured signals. The proposed simulation framework has the potential to acquire large sample datasets of SIRD under various complex battlefield environments and can provide an effective data source for SIRD application research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 351-363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed event-triggered control for UAV swarm target fencing with network connectivity preservation and collision avoidance","authors":"Xiuxia Yang,&nbsp;Hao Yu,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Wenqiang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a distributed event-triggered control (ETC) framework to address cooperative target fencing challenges in UAV swarm. The proposed architecture eliminates the reliance on preset formation parameters while achieving multi-objective cooperative control for target fencing, network connectivity preservation, collision avoidance, and communication efficiency optimization. Firstly, a differential state observer is constructed to obtain the target's unmeasurable states. Secondly, leveraging swarm self-organization principles, a geometric-constraint-free distributed fencing controller is designed by integrating potential field methods with consensus theory. The controller dynamically adjusts inter-UAV distances via single potential function, enabling coordinated optimization of persistent network connectivity and collision-free motion during target fencing. Thirdly, a dual-threshold ETC mechanism based on velocity consensus deviation and fencing error is proposed, which can be triggered based on task features to dynamically adjust the communication frequency, significantly reduce the communication burden and exclude Zeno behavior. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the stability of closed-loop systems. Multi-scenario simulations show that the proposed method can achieve robust fencing under target maneuverability, partial UAV failures, and communication disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 412-427"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-sensing HTPB liner for non-destructive monitoring nitroglycerin (NG) migration at the interface between double base propellant and the HTPB liner","authors":"Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Liu ,&nbsp;Yanchun Li ,&nbsp;Mengqi Chen ,&nbsp;Qian Guo ,&nbsp;Dongming Song ,&nbsp;Aifeng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the storage of composite propellants, the migration of plasticizers and other unbonded additives at the interfaces of liner adhesives has garnered significant attention in understanding liner failure mechanisms, aging processes, and safety performance. However, there is currently no non-destructive and quantitative detection method for migration of plasticizers in propellant liner. In this study, we developed a HTPB sensing liner by incorporating conductive fillers—namely carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP)—into the HTPB matrix. The synergistic interaction between CNTs and GNP facilitates the formation of a tunneling conductive network that imparts electrical conductivity to the HTPB liner. To elucidate the functional relationship between conductivity and nitroglycerin (NG) migration, we applied the HTPB sensing liner onto double base propellant surfaces and measured both the conductivity of the sensing layer and NG migration during a 71 °C accelerated aging experiment. The results shows that when CNTs/GNP content reaches 3wt%, there is an exponential correlation between conductivity and NG migration with a fitting degree of 0.9652; the average response sensitivity of Δ<em>R</em>/<em>R</em>₀ relative to NG migration is calculated as 41.69, with an average deviation of merely 5.67% between NG migrations derived from conductivity fittings compared to those obtained via TGA testing results. Overall, this sensing liner exhibits excellent capabilities for detecting NG migration non-destructively and quantitatively while offering a novel approach for assessing interfacial component migrations as well as debonding defects in propellants—a promising avenue for future self-monitoring strategies regarding propellant integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 166-175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of energy release and mechanical behavior of reactive high-entropy alloys","authors":"Shanghao Wu ,&nbsp;Zezhou Li ,&nbsp;Jianye He ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xingwang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) with multi-component elements have attracted significant interest since they exhibit numerous superior properties compared to traditional ones. These properties include significant energy release, remarkable fracture toughness, and high strength, making them promising candidates as energetic structural materials (ESMs). This paper summarizes the energy release mechanisms under dynamic impact and the mechanical behavior of TiZr-based HEAs, TiNb-based HEAs, and W-based HEA, including velocity threshold for energy release, chamber quasi-static pressure curve, energy release efficiency, interface reactions, and \"self-sharpening\". In addition, we propose future research directions for their energy release and mechanical behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 236-253"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation patterns of steel targets against long rod penetration","authors":"Chengxin Du ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Bingnan Xing ,&nbsp;Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenzheng Lv ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Du ,&nbsp;Guangfa Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experimental and finite element simulation investigation are conducted to study the deformation patterns of steel targets during the penetration process of tungsten alloy long rods, as well as the influence of strength of the target on the deformation patterns. The experimental results revealed slight mass loss in the first layer of the steel target during the transient entrance phase, with an extremely negligible loss in target mass during the quasi-steady penetration phase. The results of macro-analysis, micro-analysis and simulation show that the eroded target material migrated towards the periphery of the crater, causing an increase in the target's thickness, remained within the target, instead of flowing out of the crater. Therefore, the process of long rods penetrating the metal target is considered as a process of backward extrusion. By combining the backward extrusion theory with energy conservation, a penetration depth model for long rods penetrating a metal target, taking into account both the diameter of the crater and the friction coefficient between the rod and the target, has been established. Although the model is not yet perfect, it innovatively applies the principles of solid mechanics to the study of long rod penetration. Additionally, it takes into account the friction coefficient between the rod and the target during the penetration process. Therefore, this model provides a new research direction for future studies on long rod penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 272-287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel optimization techniques for underwater wireless optical communication links: using Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Intesar Ramley ,&nbsp;Hamdah M. Alzayed ,&nbsp;Yas Al-Hadeethi ,&nbsp;Abeer Z. Barasheed ,&nbsp;Mingguang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Underwater Communication Link (UCL) is a crucial component of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (UWOC) systems, requiring optimised design to mitigate the high power attenuation inherent in seawater. To ensure the reliability of an optimal UCL design, it is essential to account for the three primary scattering regimes: forward scattering (FSC), backward scattering (BSC), and isotropic scattering (ISC) in seawater channels. This study introduces a new photon-tracking model based on a discrete equation, facilitating Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to evaluate how different scattering regimes influence received photon distribution. Three distinct Scattering Regime Contribution Weight (SRCW) probability sets were employed, each representing different UCL operational configurations dominated by specific scattering regimes. The proposed modeling approach enables a comprehensive assessment of the temporal characteristics of received optical pulses, channel loss, and time spread—ultimately defining the optimal UCL design parameters. The key findings of this study include: (1) Enhancing the FSC regime dominance leads to a quasi-light waveguide effect over link spans and small Fields of View (FOV) &lt; 25°, significantly improving channel performance in Harbor seawater compared to Coastal seawater. (2) A well-designed UCL with a small FOV (&lt;25°) can minimise channel loss and time spread, ensuring high capacity and efficient performance in both Coastal and Harbor seawaters. (3) When BSC and ISC contributions exceed FSC dominance, the received optical pulse undergoes significant temporal broadening, particularly for larger FOV angles (&gt;25°) and extended link spans. (4) The developed novel MCS-based discrete equation provides a simple yet robust model for simulating photon propagation in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous underwater channels. These insights contribute to developing more efficient and reliable UCL designs with military standards by enhancing UWOC system performance over a longer linkspan for a given limited optical power across various underwater environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 386-411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collision-inducing method for UAV evasive maneuvers based on receding horizon optimization","authors":"Haonan Tang ,&nbsp;Zhigong Tang ,&nbsp;Gong Chen ,&nbsp;Jifeng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dt.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the missile avoidance problem of the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in complex obstacle environments, this work proposes a collision-avoidance method based on receding horizon optimization. The proposed method generated a specific trajectory for the UAV to effectively induce the proportional navigation missile to successfully intercept the obstacle, thereby accomplishing the evasive maneuver. The evasive maneuver was divided into two distinct stages, namely the collision-inducing phase and the fast departure phase. The obstacle potential field-based target selection algorithm was employed to identify the most appropriate target obstacle, while the induced trajectory was determined through a combination of receding horizon optimization and the hp-adaptive pseudo-spectral method. Simulation experiments were carried out under three different types of obstacle environments and one multi-obstacle environment, and the simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper greatly improves the success rate of UAV evasive maneuvers, proving the effectiveness of this method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":58209,"journal":{"name":"Defence Technology(防务技术)","volume":"50 ","pages":"Pages 141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}