{"title":"Vacuum polarization on three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time with Robin boundary conditions","authors":"Sivakumar Namasivayam, Elizabeth Winstanley","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03056-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03056-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study a quantum scalar field, with general mass and coupling to the scalar curvature, propagating on three-dimensional global anti-de Sitter space-time. We determine the vacuum and thermal expectation values of the square of the field, also known as the vacuum polarisation (VP). We consider values of the scalar field mass and coupling for which there is a choice of boundary conditions giving well-posed classical dynamics. We apply Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin (mixed) boundary conditions to the field at the space-time boundary. We find finite values of the VP when the parameter governing the Robin boundary conditions is below a certain critical value. For all couplings, the vacuum expectation values of the VP with either Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions are constant and respect the maximal symmetry of the background space-time. However, this is not the case for Robin boundary conditions, when both the vacuum and thermal expectation values depend on the space-time location. At the space-time boundary, we find that both the vacuum and thermal expectation values of the VP with Robin boundary conditions converge to the result when Neumann boundary conditions are applied, except in the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10714-022-03056-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4162430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modified Brans–Dicke cosmology with minimum length uncertainty","authors":"Andronikos Paliathanasis, Genly Leon","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03059-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03059-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider a modification of the Brans–Dicke gravitational Action Integral inspired by the existence of a minimum length uncertainty for the scalar field. In particular, the kinetic part of the Brans–Dicke scalar field is modified such that the equation of motion for the scalar field is modified according to the quadratic Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). For the background geometry, we assume the homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric. We investigate the dynamics and the cosmological evolution of the dynamical variables of the theory, and we compare the results with the unmodified Brans–Dicke theory. It follows that in consideration because of the additional degrees of freedom in the energy-momentum tensor the dynamical variables describe various aspects of the cosmological history. This is one of the first studies on the effects of GUP in a Machian gravitational theory.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4082542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing phantom dark energy models with various diagnostic tools","authors":"Dalale Mhamdi, Farida Bargach, Safae Dahmani, Amine Bouali, Taoufik Ouali","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03055-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03055-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we apply various diagnostic tools to the phantom dark energy (DE) models, including the big rip (BR), the little sibling of the big rip (LSBR), and the little rip (LR). The evolutionary trajectories of the statefinder <span>(S_{n}(z))</span>, the growth rate <span>(epsilon (z))</span>, and both <i>Om</i>(<i>z</i>) and <span>(omega _{d}-omega {}'_{d})</span> diagnostics are plotted according to the best fit extracted from each model using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. In the high-redshift region, all these diagnostics show the degeneracy of the phantom DE models with each other and also with the <span>(Lambda )</span>CDM model, even considering cases of different parameter values shows strong degeneracy. However, in the low-redshift region this degeneracy was broken by using <span>(S_{3}^{(1)})</span> and <span>(S_{4}^{(1)})</span> diagnostics, or otherwise by using the composite null diagnostic (<i>CND</i>). All diagnostic tools show the rich behavior of the LSBR model as it can be quintessence-like or phantom-like depending on the <span>(Omega _{lsbr})</span> parameter, in contrast to the LR model which is only phantom-like. A direct comparison of the phantom DE models in the <span>(left{ {S_{3}^{(1)}, S_{4}^{(1)}} right} )</span>, <span>(left{ {S_{3}^{(1)}, S_{3}^{(2)}} right} )</span>, and <span>(omega _{d}-omega {}'_{d})</span> plane is also made. We further show that the separation between the models can be directly seen at the current state <span>(left{ S_{3}^{(1)}(t_{0}),S_{4}^{(1)}(t_{0}) right} )</span> of the models. We have reached that these diagnostic tools are rather robust in differentiating not only different DE models but also the same kind of models with different equation of state (EoS) which lead to different fates of the Universe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10714-022-03055-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5115095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anisotropic compact stars with Karmarkar condition in energy-momentum squared gravity","authors":"M. Sharif, M. Zeeshan Gul","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03062-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03062-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main objective of this paper is to examine the viability and stability of anisotropic compact stellar objects adopting the Karmarkar condition in energy-momentum squared gravity. For this purpose, we take a static spherical metric in the inner and Schwarzschild spacetime in the outer region of the stars. The values of unknown parameters are found by the observational values of mass and radius of the considered compact stars. We consider a particular model of this theory to investigate the behavior of energy density, pressure components, anisotropy, equation of state parameters and energy bounds in the inner region of the proposed stellar objects. The equilibrium state of the stellar models is examined via the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation and their stability is analyzed by causality condition, Herrera cracking approach and adiabatic index. We find that Karmarkar solutions in this modified theory are physically viable and stable for anisotropic stellar objects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5076250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Black-bounce in f(T) gravity","authors":"Manuel E. Rodrigues, Ednaldo L. B. Junior","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03048-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03048-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study new solutions of black-bounce spacetimes formulated in <i>f</i>(<i>T</i>) gravity in four dimensions. First, we present the case of diagonal tetrad where a restriction appears in the equations of motion that is divided into the cases of zero torsion, constant torsion and teleparallel. The Null Energy Condition (NEC) is still always violated, which implies that the other energy conditions are also violated. The solutions are regular throughout spacetime and the zero torsion solution presents discontinuity between the energy conditions inside and outside the event horizon. Second, we present the case of non-diagonal tetrads. This case is divided into a Simpson-Visser type model and a quadratic model in <i>T</i>. The NEC continues to be violated, implying the violation of the other energy conditions. The solutions are regular in all spacetimes. An interesting result is that due to the possibility that the area associated with the metric is different from <span>(4pi r^2)</span>, the no-go output theorem established in the usual <i>f</i>(<i>T</i>) is violated, resulting in the new possibility <span>( g_{00}=-g^{11})</span>, for metric components.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5076269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Jacobi metric approach for dynamical wormholes","authors":"Álvaro Duenas-Vidal, Oscar Lasso Andino","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03060-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03060-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present the Jacobi metric formalism for dynamical wormholes. We show that in isotropic dynamical spacetimes , a first integral of the geodesic equations can be found using the Jacobi metric, and without any use of geodesic equation. This enables us to reduce the geodesic motion in dynamical wormholes to a dynamics defined in a Riemannian manifold. Then, making use of the Jacobi formalism, we study the circular stable orbits in the Jacobi metric framework for the dynamical wormhole background. Finally, we also show that the Gaussian curvature of the family of Jacobi metrics is directly related, as in the static case, to the flare-out condition of the dynamical wormhole, giving a way to characterize a wormhole spacetime by the sign of the Gaussian curvature of its Jacobi metric only.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5076255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The averaging problem on the past null cone in inhomogeneous dust cosmologies","authors":"Thomas Buchert, Henk van Elst, Asta Heinesen","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03051-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03051-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cosmological models typically neglect the complicated nature of the spacetime mani-fold at small scales in order to hypothesize idealized general relativistic solutions for describing the average dynamics of the Universe. Although these solutions are remarkably successful in accounting for data, they introduce a number of puzzles in cosmology, and their foundational assumptions are therefore important to test. In this paper, we go beyond the usual assumptions in cosmology and propose a formalism for averaging the local general relativistic spacetime on an observer’s past null cone: we formulate average properties of light fronts as they propagate from a cosmological emitter to an observer. The energy-momentum tensor is composed of an irrotational dust source and a cosmological constant—the same components as in the <span>(varLambda )</span>CDM model for late cosmic times—but the metric solution is not a priori constrained to be locally homogeneous or isotropic. This generally makes the large-scale dynamics depart from that of a simple Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker solution through ‘backreaction’ effects. Our formalism quantifies such departures through a fully covariant system of area-averaged equations on the light fronts propagating towards an observer, which can be directly applied to analytical and numerical investigations of cosmic observables. For this purpose, we formulate light front averages of observable quantities, including the effective angular diameter distance and the cosmological redshift drift and we also discuss the backreaction effects for these observables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10714-022-03051-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5034472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Damped modes for a bosonic quantum oscillator in the near-horizon geometry of the BTZ black hole","authors":"Abdullah Guvendi, Semra Gurtas Dogan","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03058-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03058-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyse the evolution of a generalized bosonic oscillator in the near horizon geometry of the BTZ black hole by analytically obtaining a solution of the associated Klein–Gordon equation. We show that it is possible to obtain relativistic frequency expression in closed-form for the system in question. Here, we observe that such a system decays in time without any real oscillation and the damped modes depend explicitly on the parameters of the oscillator coupling besides the parameters of the background geometry. This result allows us to analyse the influences of both oscillator coupling and spacetime parameters on the evolution of such a test field. Also, the results indicate that the spacetime background is stable under this perturbation field.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10714-022-03058-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4995073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiago V. Fernandes, David Hilditch, José P. S. Lemos, Vítor Cardoso
{"title":"Normal modes of Proca fields in AdS spacetime","authors":"Tiago V. Fernandes, David Hilditch, José P. S. Lemos, Vítor Cardoso","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03052-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03052-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A normal mode analysis for Proca fields in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime is given. It is found that the equations for the Proca field can be decoupled analytically. This is performed by changing the basis of the vector spherical harmonics decomposition. The normal modes and the normal mode frequencies of the Proca equation in the AdS spacetime are then analytically determined. It is also shown that the Maxwell field can be recovered by taking the massless limit of the Proca field with care so that the nonphysical gauge modes are eliminated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4962419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Naveena Kumara, C. L. Ahmed Rizwan, Kartheek Hegde, Md Sabir Ali, K. M. Ajith
{"title":"Microstructure of five-dimensional neutral Gauss–Bonnet black hole in anti-de Sitter spacetime via (P-V) criticality","authors":"A. Naveena Kumara, C. L. Ahmed Rizwan, Kartheek Hegde, Md Sabir Ali, K. M. Ajith","doi":"10.1007/s10714-022-03050-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10714-022-03050-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, we analytically investigate the microstructure of a five-dimensional neutral Gauss–Bonnet black hole, in the background of anti-de Sitter spacetime, by using the scalar curvature of the Ruppeiner geometry constructed via adiabatic compressibility. The microstructure details associated with the small-large black hole phase transition are probed in the parameter space of pressure and volume. The curvature scalar shows similar properties for both phases of the black hole, it diverges at the critical point with a critical exponent 2, and approaches zero for extremal black holes. We show that the dominant interaction among black hole molecules is attractive. This study also confirms that the nature of the microstructure interaction remains unchanged during the small-large black hole phase transition, even though the microstructures are different for both phases.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":578,"journal":{"name":"General Relativity and Gravitation","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10714-022-03050-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4849809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}