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Micromechanical piezoelectric-on-silicon BAW resonators for sensing in liquid environments 液体环境中传感用微机械硅基压电BAW谐振器
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138825
A. Prasad, A. Seshia, J. Charmet
{"title":"Micromechanical piezoelectric-on-silicon BAW resonators for sensing in liquid environments","authors":"A. Prasad, A. Seshia, J. Charmet","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138825","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports micromachined piezoelectric-on-silicon bulk acoustic wave resonators operating at a nominal frequency of approximately 3.15 MHz in fluidic media. Electrical measurements of the open-loop response of the resonators when one of the resonator surfaces is submerged in water indicate high quality factors in the range of 110-190. These values of quality factor are at least an order of magnitude higher than the flexural mode counterparts. The resonators are further exposed to Glycerol-Water mixtures of varying viscosity-density resulting in characteristic negative resonant frequency shifts. Experimental values are compared with a simplified liquid loading model and an agreement of up to 13% for highest and within 3-4% for lowest glycerol concentrations is established. These devices due to the relative ease of operation in liquid environments, scalability, high quality-factors and high mass-sensitivity have the potential for integration with microfluidics and electronics in order to realize an integrated platform for biochemical sensing and analysis.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87984359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
LMJ timing and fiducial system: Overview of the global architecture and performances LMJ授时和基准系统:全球架构和性能概述
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138908
V. Drouet, M. Prat, P. Raybaut, D. Sainte-Beuve
{"title":"LMJ timing and fiducial system: Overview of the global architecture and performances","authors":"V. Drouet, M. Prat, P. Raybaut, D. Sainte-Beuve","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138908","url":null,"abstract":"The Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) timing system has to synchronize 176 laser beams better than 40 ps rms to compress symmetrically the millimeter-size target in order to ignite the deuterium and tritium filled capsule despite the fact that the quadruplet laser sources are separated within the building by several hundreds of meters. This kind of performance is also required for fiducial pulses used to temporally mark laser and plasma diagnostics. After the LMJ was officially commissioned on October 23rd 2014 with a first successful physics campaign, this article offers an overview of the final overall timing system architecture and its performances. The latest results since our presentation during the previous EFTF conference edition [1] as part of ongoing studies on time drifts are also presented.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91003594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Characterization of a set of cryocooled sapphire oscillators at the 10−16 level with the three-cornered hat method 用三角帽法表征一组10−16能级的低温蓝宝石振荡器
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138856
C. Fluhr, S. Grop, T. Accadia, A. Bakir, Y. Kersalé, E. Rubiola, V. Giordano, B. Dubois
{"title":"Characterization of a set of cryocooled sapphire oscillators at the 10−16 level with the three-cornered hat method","authors":"C. Fluhr, S. Grop, T. Accadia, A. Bakir, Y. Kersalé, E. Rubiola, V. Giordano, B. Dubois","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138856","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the characterization results of three Cryogenic Sapphire Oscillators (CSO) by using the three-cornered hat method. The three-cornered hat method permits us to extract the individual frequency instabilities. Thus this powerful tool helps us to choose the best mechanical and thermal CSO configurations. We tested two frequency counters requiring two different data processing and get almost the same results. The three CSOs reach a frequency instability better than 7×10-16 between 1 s and 3,000 s integration times. The Allan deviation of the best CSO reaches a noise floor around 1.5×10-16 at 200 s integration time. Although, the new CSO incorporates a Kyropulos instead of a HEMEX sapphire resonator, it presents the almost the same frequency stability than the two other ones.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86907322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The border effect in frequency signal processing and the phase measurement with arbitrary frequency relationship 频率信号处理中的边界效应与任意频率关系的相位测量
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138807
Wei Zhou, L. Bai, Zhiqi Li, Faxi Chen, Xiaotian Cao, Yadong Duan, Xuyang Zhou, Longfei Xu
{"title":"The border effect in frequency signal processing and the phase measurement with arbitrary frequency relationship","authors":"Wei Zhou, L. Bai, Zhiqi Li, Faxi Chen, Xiaotian Cao, Yadong Duan, Xuyang Zhou, Longfei Xu","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138807","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the achievement of phase coincidence detection, the processing and elimination of quantization error is possible in digital frequency measurement. Because of the limited resolution of phase detection, a fuzzy area is to be formed. The higher precision can be obtained using the border stability of fuzzy areas. The decisive factor of the actual precision is the resolution stability of the border of fuzzy area, called the border effect. Therefore, utilizing the circuit with ns resolution one can obtain ps level or higher precision. On the basis of improving measuring resolution significantly and the phase variation regularity of periodic signals, through the frequency measurement with phase continuous, the measured frequency signal is compared with its theoretical nominal frequency by multiple periods and with measuring gate time one by one. Eventually, the measurement of phase variation of any measured signal in a wide frequency range can be realized. Compared with other measurement techniques and instruments it is a great advancement. Because of the phase information is obtained for the different even very complicated frequency signals, higher frequency measurement precision can be realized without any frequency transformation. It is possible to realize higher measurement and control precision.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86825151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CPT pulse excitation method based on VCSEL current modulation for miniature atomic clocks 基于VCSEL电流调制的微型原子钟CPT脉冲激励方法
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138815
Takumi Ide, S. Goka, Y. Yano
{"title":"CPT pulse excitation method based on VCSEL current modulation for miniature atomic clocks","authors":"Takumi Ide, S. Goka, Y. Yano","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138815","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a coherent population trapping (CPT) pulsed-excitation method based on direct drive-current modulation of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting LASER for miniature atomic clocks (MACs). Because our method needs only a simple device configuration without optical external modulators, it is suitable for MACs, including chip-scale atomic-clocks. Reducing the size, cost, and power consumption is also possible. Additionally, we report on experimental results for Ramsey-CPT fringes excited using the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88109422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The optical fiber link LIFT for radioastronomy 用于射电天文学的光纤连接LIFT
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138955
C. Clivati, R. Ambrosini, C. Bortolotti, G. Costanzo, M. Frittelli, F. Levi, A. Mura, F. Perini, M. Roma, M. Zucco, D. Calonico
{"title":"The optical fiber link LIFT for radioastronomy","authors":"C. Clivati, R. Ambrosini, C. Bortolotti, G. Costanzo, M. Frittelli, F. Levi, A. Mura, F. Perini, M. Roma, M. Zucco, D. Calonico","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138955","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber links are beneficial not only for frequency metrology, but also for other fields of physical research, such as radioastronomy and geodesy. We realized the first optical fiber link from a National Institute of Metrology to a Radiotelescope used for Very Long Baseline Interferometry and for geodetic measurements, over a distance of 544 km. We performed a remote calibration of the hydrogen-maser used as a frequency reference at Medicina Radiotelescopes, in central Italy, against the Italian Cs fountain primary frequency standard. The comparison was limited by the statistical uncertainty of the hydrogen-masers. This experiment demonstrates that optical links can provide radioastronomical facilities with very accurate and stable frequency references, in perspective better than the currently used hydrogen-masers. This opens new perspectives in the ultimate limits of VLBI and a more precise space geodesy.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91254902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Large waist cavity for ultra-narrow transition spectroscopy 大腰腔用于超窄跃迁光谱
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138923
S. A. Schaffer, S. Adsersen, B. R. Christensen, J. Thomsen
{"title":"Large waist cavity for ultra-narrow transition spectroscopy","authors":"S. A. Schaffer, S. Adsersen, B. R. Christensen, J. Thomsen","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138923","url":null,"abstract":"Cavity enhanced spectroscopy on ultra-narrow transitions in atoms and molecules is a promising tool for frequency stabilization of clock lasers. However, the small beam waist of a typical cavity can effectively reduce the number of atoms in the system or introduce transit time broadening in the less controlled molecular systems. We present a cavity design with an internal telescope optimized to increase the waist from about 0:5 mm to 5 mm while still maintaining a convenient range of tuning parameters. Its usefulness in three separate spectroscopic systems is clarified.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84305370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relative Calibration of Galileo receivers within the Time Validation Facility (TVF) 时间验证设施(TVF)内伽利略接收机的相对校准
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138833
R. Piriz, D. Rodríguez, P. Roldan, A. Bauch, J. Leute, A. Mudrak, P. Pánek, A. Kuna
{"title":"Relative Calibration of Galileo receivers within the Time Validation Facility (TVF)","authors":"R. Piriz, D. Rodríguez, P. Roldan, A. Bauch, J. Leute, A. Mudrak, P. Pánek, A. Kuna","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138833","url":null,"abstract":"GMV is the prime contractor for the Time and Geodetic Validation Facility (TGVF) in the Galileo FOC phase (Full Operational Capability), a contract of the European Space Agency (ESA). Within the TGVF, the Time Validation Facility (TVF) is the subsystem in charge of steering Galileo System Time (GST) to UTC, among other duties. The TVF is operated at GMV headquarters near Madrid, Spain. Calibrated Galileo receivers are needed in the frame of TVF activities to, among other tasks, assess the UTC-GST offset broadcast in the Galileo navigation message. Absolute receiver calibration is a complex activity involving the availability of a signal simulator and of a calibrated reference antenna. An alternative data-based method to evaluate the Galileo receiver delay in E5 signals relative to GPS is also possible. The key feature of such method is the cancellation of the GPS and Galileo ionospheric delays when combining pseudoranges from two satellites with a close position in the sky. A software tool called gecal has been developed by GMV within the Galileo TVF, implementing such method and processing RINEX 3 observation files. Satellite positions are read from a SP3 orbit file. The tool allows the rapid E5 calibration of a new or existing Galileo receiver. This paper describes the tool and the calibration of three Galileo receivers used in the TVF. Galileo Signal-In-Space validation results obtained using such receivers are also presented.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84485088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Carrier phase and pseudorange disagreement as revealed by Precise Point Positioning solutions 精确点定位解揭示的载波相位和伪距不一致
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138942
D. Matsakis, Zhiheng Jiang, Wenjun Wu
{"title":"Carrier phase and pseudorange disagreement as revealed by Precise Point Positioning solutions","authors":"D. Matsakis, Zhiheng Jiang, Wenjun Wu","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138942","url":null,"abstract":"In GNSS data reduction, carrier phase (phase) and pseudorange (code) data are complementary. An illustrative example of their interplay is provided, and then it is shown that frequency biases in phase data can be estimated by examination of the difference between the code and phase residuals in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions. Apparent frequency biases, in some cases approaching 0.2 ns/day have been found, although many are an order of magnitude less. These frequency biases could be due to small design imperfections in the GPS receivers. We have also noted that PPP processing is sensitive to the relative weights given the pseudorange (code) and the phase in the sense that down-weighting the code by a factor of 10,000 is preferable to down-weighting by a factor of 10 billion; we think we understand the reason for this.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90190804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Buffer gas consumption in rubidium discharge lamps 铷放电灯缓冲气体消耗量
时间频率公报 Pub Date : 2015-04-12 DOI: 10.1109/FCS.2015.7138788
B. Jaduszliwer, Michael Huang, J. Camparo
{"title":"Buffer gas consumption in rubidium discharge lamps","authors":"B. Jaduszliwer, Michael Huang, J. Camparo","doi":"10.1109/FCS.2015.7138788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FCS.2015.7138788","url":null,"abstract":"We present a physics-based empirical model of a newly discovered potential failure mode of rubidium atomic clocks: exhaustion of the noble gas buffer in the rubidium discharge lamp. We attribute the buffer gas loss to noble gas ion capture (NIC) by the glass walls of the lamp. The noble gas ions are produced by multistep ionization in collisions with discharge electrons. The model explains the observed pressure dependence of the buffer gas loss rate, and predicts an extremely high sensitivity of the loss rate to discharge electron temperature. That prediction is confirmed by comparison with experimental data. The model needs further work to be fully validated. We propose that longest lamp life can be achieved by minimizing noble gas light emission while keeping Rb light emission at the level required to achieve the desired atomic clock performance.","PeriodicalId":57667,"journal":{"name":"时间频率公报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77918716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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