Frontiers of Physics最新文献_第5页

Variational quantum algorithms for scanning the complex spectrum of non-Hermitian systems 扫描非ermitian 系统复杂频谱的变量量子算法

IF 6.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1382-3

Xu-Dan Xie, Zheng-Yuan Xue, Dan-Bo Zhang

{"title":"Variational quantum algorithms for scanning the complex spectrum of non-Hermitian systems","authors":"Xu-Dan Xie, Zheng-Yuan Xue, Dan-Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11467-023-1382-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-023-1382-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solving non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems on a quantum computer by minimizing the variational energy is challenging as the energy can be complex. Here, we propose a variational quantum algorithm for solving the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian by minimizing a type of energy variance, where zero variance can naturally determine the eigenvalues and the associated left and right eigenstates. Moreover, the energy is set as a parameter in the cost function and can be tuned to scan the whole spectrum efficiently by using a two-step optimization scheme. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate the algorithm for preparing the left and right eigenstates, verifying the biorthogonal relations, as well as evaluating the observables. We also investigate the impact of quantum noise on our algorithm and show that its performance can be largely improved using error mitigation techniques. Therefore, our work suggests an avenue for solving non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems with variational quantum algorithms on near-term noisy quantum computers.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of ambient pressures on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signals 环境压力对激光诱导击穿光谱信号的影响

IF 6.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1380-5

Kaifan Zhang, Weiran Song, Zongyu Hou, Zhe Wang

{"title":"Effect of ambient pressures on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signals","authors":"Kaifan Zhang, Weiran Song, Zongyu Hou, Zhe Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11467-023-1380-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-023-1380-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is regarded as the future superstar for analytical chemistry and widely applied in various fields. Improving the quality of LIBS signal is fundamental to achieving accurate quantification and large-scale commercialization of LIBS. To propose control methods that improve LIBS signal quality, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the influence of key parameters, such as ambient gas pressure, temperature, and sample temperature on LIBS signals. To date, extensive research has been carried out. However, different researchers often yield significantly different experimental results for LIBS, preventing the formation of consistent conclusions. This greatly prevents the understanding of influencing laws of key parameters and the improvement of LIBS quantitative performance. Taking ambient gas pressure as an example, this paper compares the effects of ambient gas pressure under different optimization conditions, reveals the influence of spatiotemporal window caused by inherent characteristics of LIBS signal sources, i.e., intense temporal changes and spatial non-uniformity of laser-induced plasmas, on the impact patterns of key parameters. From the perspective of plasma spatiotemporal evolution, the paper elucidates the influence patterns of ambient gas pressure on LIBS signals, clarifying seemingly contradictory research results in the literature.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High performance photodetector based on few-layer MoTe2/CdS0.42Se0.58 flake heterojunction 基于少层 MoTe2/CdS0.42Se0.58 薄片异质结的高性能光电探测器

IF 6.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1374-3

Ran Ma, Qiuhong Tan, Peizhi Yang, Yingkai Liu, Qianjin Wang

{"title":"High performance photodetector based on few-layer MoTe2/CdS0.42Se0.58 flake heterojunction","authors":"Ran Ma, Qiuhong Tan, Peizhi Yang, Yingkai Liu, Qianjin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11467-023-1374-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-023-1374-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides have been extensively studied due to their fascinating physical properties for constructing high-performance photodetectors. However, their relatively low responsivities, current on/off ratios and response speeds have hindered their widespread application. Herein, we fabricated a high-performance photodetector based on few-layer MoTe<sub>2</sub> and CdS<sub>0.42</sub>Se<sub>0.58</sub> flake heterojunctions. The photodetector exhibited a high responsivity of 7221 A/W, a large current on/off ratio of 1.73×10<sup>4</sup>, a fast response speed of 90/120 µs, external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaching up to 1.52×10<sup>6</sup> % and detectivity (<i>D*</i>) reaching up to 1.67×10<sup>15</sup> Jones. The excellent performance of the heterojunction photodetector was analyzed by a photocurrent mapping test and first-principle calculations. Notably, the visible light imaging function was successfully attained on the MoTe<sub>2</sub>/CdS<sub>0.42</sub>Se<sub>0.58</sub> photodetectors, indicating that the device had practical imaging application prospects. Our findings provide a reference for the design of ultrahigh-performance MoTe<sub>2</sub>-based photodetectors.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139584409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self organizing optimization and phase transition in reinforcement learning minority game system 强化学习少数民族游戏系统中的自组织优化和阶段转换

IF 6.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1378-z

Si-Ping Zhang, Jia-Qi Dong, Hui-Yu Zhang, Yi-Xuan Lü, Jue Wang, Zi-Gang Huang

{"title":"Self organizing optimization and phase transition in reinforcement learning minority game system","authors":"Si-Ping Zhang, Jia-Qi Dong, Hui-Yu Zhang, Yi-Xuan Lü, Jue Wang, Zi-Gang Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11467-023-1378-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-023-1378-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Whether the complex game system composed of a large number of artificial intelligence (AI) agents empowered with reinforcement learning can produce extremely favorable collective behaviors just through the way of agent self-exploration is a matter of practical importance. In this paper, we address this question by combining the typical theoretical model of resource allocation system, the minority game model, with reinforcement learning. Each individual participating in the game is set to have a certain degree of intelligence based on reinforcement learning algorithm. In particular, we demonstrate that as AI agents gradually becomes familiar with the unknown environment and tries to provide optimal actions to maximize payoff, the whole system continues to approach the optimal state under certain parameter combinations, herding is effectively suppressed by an oscillating collective behavior which is a self-organizing pattern without any external interference. An interesting phenomenon is that a first-order phase transition is revealed based on some numerical results in our multi-agents system with reinforcement learning. In order to further understand the dynamic behavior of agent learning, we define and analyze the conversion path of belief mode, and find that the self-organizing condensation of belief modes appeared for the given trial and error rates in the AI system. Finally, we provide a detection method for period-two oscillation collective pattern emergence based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence and give the parameter position where the period-two appears.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139558723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling-based (auto)control of back-action in atomic Bose–Einstein condensate 原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态中基于解析的反作用（自动）控制

IF 6.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1375-2

V. A. Tomilin, L. V. Il’ichov

引用次数: 0

Two-dimensional localized modes in nonlinear systems with linear nonlocality and moiré lattices 非线性系统中的二维局部模式与线性非位置性和摩尔纹格

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1370-7

Xiuye Liu, Jianhua Zeng

{"title":"Two-dimensional localized modes in nonlinear systems with linear nonlocality and moiré lattices","authors":"Xiuye Liu, Jianhua Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s11467-023-1370-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-023-1370-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Periodic structures structured as photonic crystals and optical lattices are fascinating for nonlinear waves engineering in the optics and ultracold atoms communities. Moiré photonic and optical lattices — two-dimensional twisted patterns lie somewhere in between perfect periodic structures and aperiodic ones — are a new emerging investigative tool for studying nonlinear localized waves of diverse types. Herein, a theory of two-dimensional spatial localization in nonlinear periodic systems with fractional-order diffraction (linear nonlocality) and moiré optical lattices is investigated. Specifically, the flat-band feature is well preserved in shallow moiré optical lattices which, interact with the defocusing nonlinearity of the media, can support fundamental gap solitons, bound states composed of several fundamental solitons, and topological states (gap vortices) with vortex charge <i>s</i> = 1 and 2, all populated inside the finite gaps of the linear Bloch-wave spectrum. Employing the linear-stability analysis and direct perturbed simulations, the stability and instability properties of all the localized gap modes are surveyed, highlighting a wide stability region within the first gap and a limited one (to the central part) for the third gap. The findings enable insightful studies of highly localized gap modes in linear nonlocality (fractional) physical systems with shallow moiré patterns that exhibit extremely flat bands.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139434891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient conversion of acoustic vortex using extremely anisotropic metasurface 利用各向异性极强的元表面高效转换声涡旋

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1371-6

Zhanlei Hao, Haojie Chen, Yuhang Yin, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Shan Zhu, Huanyang Chen

{"title":"Efficient conversion of acoustic vortex using extremely anisotropic metasurface","authors":"Zhanlei Hao, Haojie Chen, Yuhang Yin, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Shan Zhu, Huanyang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11467-023-1371-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-023-1371-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vortex wave and plane wave, as two most fundamental forms of wave propagation, are widely applied in various research fields. However, there is currently a lack of basic mechanism to enable arbitrary conversion between them. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm of extremely anisotropic acoustic metasurface (AM) to achieve the efficient conversion from 2D vortex waves with arbitrary orbital angular momentum (OAM) to plane waves. The underlying physics of this conversion process is ensured by the symmetry shift of AM medium parameters and the directional compensation of phase. Moreover, this novel phenomenon is further verified by analytical calculations, numerical demonstrations, and acoustic experiments, and the deflection angle and direction of the converted plane waves are qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed by a simple formula. Our work provides new possibilities for arbitrary manipulation of acoustic vortex, and holds potential applications in acoustic communication and OAM-based devices.\u0000</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139109763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cavity-enhanced metrology in an atomic spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate 原子自旋-1 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的空腔增强计量学

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1372-5

Renfei Zheng, Jieli Qin, Bing Chen, Xingdong Zhao, Lu Zhou

引用次数: 0

Efficiently simulating the work distribution of multiple identical bosons with boson sampling 利用玻色子采样高效模拟多个相同玻色子的功分布

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1366-3

Wen-Qiang Liu, Zhang-qi Yin

引用次数: 0

Transmission-reflection decoupling of non-Hermitian photonic doping epsilon-near-zero media 非赫米提光子掺杂ε近零介质的透射-反射解耦

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Frontiers of Physics Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1362-7

Yongxing Wang (, ), Jizi Lin (, ), Ping Xu (, )

{"title":"Transmission-reflection decoupling of non-Hermitian photonic doping epsilon-near-zero media","authors":"Yongxing Wang \u0000 (, ), Jizi Lin \u0000 (, ), Ping Xu \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1007/s11467-023-1362-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11467-023-1362-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a novel method to achieve the decoupling between the transmission and reflection waves of non-Hermitian doped epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media by inserting a dielectric slit into the structure. Our method also allows for independent control over the amplitude and the phase of both the transmission and reflection waves through few dopants, enabling us to achieve various optical effects, such as perfect absorption, high-gain reflection without transmission, reflectionless high-gain transmission and reflectionless total transmission with different phases. By manipulating the permittivity of dopants with extremely low loss or gain, we can realize these effects in the same configuration. We also extend this principle to multi-port doped ENZ structures and design a highly reconfigurable and reflectionless signal distributor and generator that can split, amplify, decay and phase-shift the input signal in any desired way. Our method overcomes limitations of optical manipulation in doped ENZ caused by the interdependent nature of the transmission and reflection, and has potential applications in novel photonic devices.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":573,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138745812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0